RU2130158C1 - Training aid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: control over actions of tank gun pointer. SUBSTANCE: invention refers to training aids designed to control actions of pointer with control desk of stabilizer, lifting and rotary mechanisms of tank guns or lifting and rotary mechanisms of ground artillery. Given training aid includes shield, laser radiator mounted close of gun muzzle, power supply unit and control unit. EFFECT: automation of training process and evaluation of actions of trainee, decreased time for preparation to studies, to shooting training and to fire transfer against various types of targets at different ranges, training in reconnaissance of targets and in target indication by reference points and by lines while firing from run or standstill. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to training tools for shooting crews of armored vehicles and weapons and the calculation of artillery guns of ground artillery.

 In the practice of training troops in recent years, various training aids are finding wider application. This is due to the entry into the troops of modern military equipment and weapons, requiring the development of trainees with complex skills in their combat use. Training directly on military equipment with standard weapons is limited by the high depreciation cost of this equipment, weapons and ammunition. In addition, on military equipment and weapons, it is not always possible to control the actions of trainees when shooting. Training aids can reduce the time of using expensive military equipment, ammunition and motor resources when training personnel to shoot with standard weapons, especially at the initial training stage, i.e. to make the training process more economical.

 At the same time, educational and training facilities provide an opportunity to conduct classes with personnel more clearly and accessible, to monitor the actions of students during classes, timely identify errors and their causes, and simultaneously train more students than using military equipment.

 Training facilities can be located in the places of permanent deployment of troops, which creates the conditions for conducting classes in fire training without going to training centers, which, as a rule, are located at a considerable distance from the places of permanent deployment of military units. All this helps to increase the intensity of the training process and the development of personnel in a shorter time professional skills in the effective use of weapons to defeat various targets in modern combat.

 The training means (TCB) for fire training include (see. Training in shooting from tanks on the training means. Ministry of Defense of the USSR. M., 1980, 152 p. 4): control and training devices; simulators; inset barrels for tank guns and devices for training and simulation shooting.

 Known control and training devices: pantograph-pointer; ocular nozzle; optical control instruments, etc., which are intended to control the correctness of actions when training in firing from standard weapons. These devices allow the leader to observe the results of the "shooting" and identify errors made by the trainees. They can be used in classes conducted directly on standard weapons and on simulators.

 Known gas gel neon laser (LGN-2135), used in educational institutions to demonstrate optical effects (see. "Gas gel neon laser (LGN-213), M., Informelectro, 1988).

 The well-known laser LGN-213B is also used as a laser pointer (as a direction indicator) for lecturing. The LGN-213B laser is a source of coherent polarized radiation with a wavelength of 0.633 microns. The emitter ILGN-213-1 creates an average laser power of at least 1.0 MW and has a laser beam diameter of 1 mm. The power supply voltage of the LGN-213B laser is not less than 23 V, normal constant 27 V, not more than 34 V. Power consumption 36 W.

 Structurally, the laser consists of two parts: the emitter and the power supply. The emitter has the shape of a cylinder. A gas discharge tube with a resonator and part of the ballast resistance are placed in the emitter.

 The laser power unit LGN-213B is connected to the emitter with a high-voltage cable having a high-voltage connector.

 An automatic pantograph-splitter is also known (see Training in shooting from tanks on educational and training equipment. USSR Ministry of Defense. M., 1980, p. 79), designed to control the actions of the gunner’s gunner guidance mechanisms: stabilizer, hoist and swivel mechanisms.

 An automatic pantograph-pointing device consists of: a shield-screen, an arm, a holder, a pantograph-pointing device, a pencil holder.

 The pantograph-pointer with the help of an arm and a holder is fixed on the muzzle of the barrel of a tank gun or its model on a tank training simulator (TOPT) or artillery gun. A pencil with a length of 5-7 cm is inserted into the pencil holder. Before a muzzle cut of the barrel of a tank gun or its model, a shield is mounted on a tank training simulator at a distance of 6-7 cm, to which a sheet of clean, thick paper is attached. The shield is placed so that the pencil is pressed firmly against a sheet of paper. At a distance of 15-20 m in front of the tank or tank training simulator, a shield is installed on which there are curly targets for training in operations with guidance mechanisms using a pantograph-pointer: - “envelope”, “spiral”, “envelope-spiral” having a line thickness of 5 mm.

 The trainee, taking the place of the gunner, using the gun guidance mechanisms, points the apex of the central goggle of the sight to point N 1 of the figured target and sequentially outlines the figure of the target with the top of the central goggle of the sight, and a pantograph with a pencil draws a similar figure on a sheet of clean, thick paper mounted on the shield.

 The student’s assessment of the learner’s actions is based on the time of the exercise and the deviation of the pencil line from the line of the curly target.

 To assess the actions of students, the established standards are used: the time for drawing the figure and the stepping of the line. Measurement of the time for drawing the figure is carried out by a stopwatch, and the deviation of the pencil line from the line of the figured target (its stepping) - a ruler. After the student completes the exercise, a thick sheet of paper on the screen is replaced with a new one.

 A pantograph-pointer of a similar device is used in teaching the calculation of artillery pieces of ground artillery to control guidance mechanisms.

 The disadvantages of the prototype are: significant time to prepare the device for use; there is no automation of the learning process and assessment of learner actions; after each student it is necessary to replace the sheet of paper used to draw the figures; you can not use the prototype for training and training in target designation and transfer of "fire" for various types of targets located at different ranges, reconnaissance of targets and target designation for landmarks; you can not use the prototype when "firing on the move" on the simulator of fire training of tankers (TOPT-1 or TOPT-2).

 The objective of the invention is to automate the learning process and evaluate the actions of trainees, reducing the time to prepare for classes and training in shooting and transferring fire at various types of targets at different ranges, training in reconnaissance of targets and target designation on landmarks and along the lines when firing from the spot and go. "

 This problem is solved by using a laser emitter with a shutter as a pointer mounted on a rack mechanism [rack mechanism (rack) consists of a gear connected to a rack; used in ship and other optical and measuring instruments where smooth movement of their parts over exact distances is required (Naval Dictionary. -M.: Military Publishing, 510 p., p. 208)] at the muzzle of a tank gun or ground artillery; the use of a shield with Landolt rings [Landolt table (E.Landolt, Swiss ophthalmologist, 1846-1926) - an international table for determining visual acuity in illiterates, consisting of optotypes - Landolt rings (rings with a gap) of different sizes; the subject should indicate which direction the gap is directed to (Big Medical Encyclopedia. Editor-in-Chief Academician BV Petrovsky. Third Edition. Sovetskaya Encyclopedia Publishing House, Volume 12, p. 313)] of various personal sizes, with bulbs in the rings and laser receivers located under the Landolt rings.

 When a laser beam enters the laser receiver, a relay is activated in the electric circuit of the bulb - the bulb goes out - the target is hit.

 The use of tanker training simulators, for example, TOPT-1 or TOPT-2, provides training in reconnaissance, target designation and shooting in motion.

 The proposed educational tool consists of a shield (screen) mounted, for example, on a spherical rotary head of a rack, a laser emitter, for example a gas gel neon laser LGN-213B, a control and registration panel, an electrical circuit.

 The power supply and emitter are connected by a high voltage wire.

 At the front end of the emitter, a movable curtain is fixed, in the closed state, blocking the laser beam. The shutter opens when the student presses the "Shot" button on the gun stabilizer control panel or on the mechanism of its vertical guidance; while the laser beam hits the screen, on which for training or training the learner actions with the guidance mechanism when shooting “on the move” and “from a place”, the transfer of fire at different types of “targets” at different ranges, target designation on landmarks and at the borders are located Landolt rings of various sizes depending on the distance to the "targets". Each Landolt ring (with a different position of the ring break: up, down, right, left) is preliminarily associated with a certain kind of “target”, for example, a break - up - ATGM in a car; gap - down - tank; gap - to the right - armored personnel carrier; gap - to the left - a tank in the trench.

 As a control panel can be used the guidance mechanisms of the gun (guns), while the trigger mechanism with the button "shot" is connected to the drive mechanism of the curtain.

 At the same time, the electrical radiation detectors are configured to convert the light energy of the laser beam into electrical energy and thereby generate a break signal in the power supply circuit of the light bulb in the "Landolt ring" and provide a signal to the learning results recording console, which is connected to the electrical circuit on the shield .

 The invention is illustrated in FIG. 13.

 FIG. 1 - educational tool: placing funds on the tank (guns) or the simulator of fire training of tankers, for example TOPTe.

 FIG. 2 - a training tool: a shield with landmarks and goals - Landolt rings.

 FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a training tool.

 The figures depict: 1 - shield; 2 - kremalery mechanism; 3 - laser emitter; 4 - a clamp for fastening the kremalyerny mechanism to the cannon of a tank (gun) or simulator of fire training (TOPT); 5 - electric wire of the drive mechanism of the shutter of the laser emitter; 6 - electric wire power laser emitter; 7 - high voltage power supply of the laser emitter; 8 - turret of a tank or fire training simulator (TOPT); 9 - gun sight; 10 - a collar of fastening of a laser emitter to a kremalerny mechanism; 11 - the drive mechanism of the shutter of the laser emitter; 12 - electric wire power supply circuit board; 13 - rotary ball head of the shield rack; 14 - a rack of a shield; 15 - electric wire connecting the electrical circuit of the shield with the registration panel; 16 - registration desk; 17 - a laser radiation receiver; 18 - a bulb in the Landolt ring; 19 - Landolt's ring 20 - landmark; 21 - landmark lamp.

 The training tool can be manufactured using the existing technology at the training equipment factory or in the workshop of the military unit using materials and components that are traditionally used in the manufacture of training equipment for the troops.

 The training tool in a static state is a shield 1, mounted vertically on a rack 14, having a spherical rotary head 13 and electrically connected to the on-board network of a tank or tank training simulator with a wire 12. On the shield are Landolt rings 19, inside which there are bulbs 18 . Under each Landolt ring at the same distance L from its center is a laser radiation receiver 17, which is included in the electrical circuit of the bulb.

 Near the muzzle of the tank gun, fire training simulator or artillery, two clamps 4 are mounted on the ratchet mechanism 2, on which a laser emitter 3 is mounted with a collar 10. A laser emitter shutter drive mechanism 11 is installed at the front end of the laser emitter. The shutter constantly blocks the laser beam. The mechanism for driving the shutter of the laser emitter is connected to the electric circuit of the “shot” button by wire 5 and is triggered when the “shot” button of the trigger of the tank gun, tank training simulator or gun is pressed.

 A high-voltage power supply unit 7 of the laser emitter is installed on the tower of the tank 8, guns or simulator of tanker training. The power supply is also connected to the on-board network of the tank, tank training simulator, or gun battery and is grounded.

 The electrical circuit of the shield is connected by a wire 15 to the registration panel 16. The learning results are recorded on the registration panel.

 The blocks of the training tool scheme are designed to perform the following functions: 22 — the trainee’s control panel is designed to aim the central aiming mark at the “target” and to simulate firing; 23 - the control unit for the shutter is designed to open and close the shutter of the emitter; 24 - the laser is designed to simulate the process of production of a shot; 25 - the unit for recording the total number of attempts is intended to account for the number of all attempts made by the trainee to hit the target; 26 - a simulator of a “successful” hit is intended to generate a signal for ceasing fire and to generate a signal for a unit for recording the number of “successful” attempts to hit a target; 27 - the unit for recording the number of “successful” attempts is intended to take into account the number of attempts made by the student, which ended with the bulb extinguishing in the Landolt ring, that is, “hitting the target”; 28 - the time recording unit is designed to take into account the duration of the exercise, to generate a signal to stop the exercise as a whole, and to generate a signal to stop the exercise if the specified time limit is exceeded by closing the laser emitter shutter; 29 - block selection of target groups is intended for random selection of several different groups of goals; 30 - the target receiving device is designed to convert the light energy of the laser beam into an electrical signal; 31 - the target simulation unit is designed to simulate the presence of an affected and unaffected target in the learner's field of vision; 32 - the target fire control unit is intended for opening a target fire and ending a fire after the end of a predetermined time of its operation; 33 - the information block (scoreboard) is intended to indicate information about the time of the exercise, about the time remaining until the completion of the exercise, about the total number of attempts made, about the number of successful attempts, about the assessment for the performed exercise; 34 - the supervisor’s control panel is designed to turn on and off the power supply circuits of the training tool, enter information from the head’s place on the conditions for the exercise (setting the time limit), and enter evaluation indicators.

 Preparation of a training tool for work.

 When preparing the device for work, the head of the lesson installs shield 1 at a distance of 20 m from the muzzle end of the tank gun or tank simulator, includes the power supply of the training tool and aligns the laser emitter 3: with the correct aiming of the central aiming mark in the target simulator (in the bulb in the Landolt ring 18) using the cremaler mechanism 2 ensures that the laser beam (when the curtain is open) enters the photoelectric radiation receiver 17. The bulb should go out. It determines the time limit for the exercise, sets the switch for selecting options for groups of goals in one of four positions, thereby determining 16 "goals" (4 of each type) located in random order on the shield.

 The work of the training tool.

 The trainee takes place at the gunner’s control panel. The head of the class at the same time as giving the team to complete the exercise includes power circuits. At the same time, the time recording unit, the time constraint accounting unit starts operation and the first of 16 bulbs simulating a target lights up. The student searches for the target, determines its position relative to the nearest landmark, turns on the light under this landmark and makes target designation: the position of the target relative to the nearest landmark, the type of target detected (in accordance with the view of the Landolt ring), the range to the target, type of projectile and initial settings for " firing, "directs the central reticle to the" target ".

 With the exact combination of the aiming mark with the target simulator (a burning light in the Landolt ring), the student presses the "Shot" button on the handle of the gun stabilizer control panel or on the handle of its vertical guidance mechanism, thereby generating a signal to open the laser emitter shutter. This signal, falling into the control unit of the laser emitter shutter, activates the shutter opening mechanism, the shutter opens and the laser beam enters the laser radiation receiver, located under the lamp in the Landolt ring. In this case, a signal is generated for the unit for recording the total number of attempts, the counter of the total number of attempts is increased by one. With the accurate (correct) aiming of the aiming mark on the target simulator (a bulb in the Landolt ring), the laser beam enters the “target” receiving device, which, converting the light energy of the laser beam of light into electric, forms a signal in the simulator of a “successful” hit.

 The simulation unit of a “successful” hit generates a signal to break the electric circuit of the bulb that goes out - the target is hit, and sends a signal to the registration unit of the “successful” number of attempts to increase the counter by one.

 If the set time limit for hitting the target is exceeded, a signal for extinguishing the target lamp and a signal prohibiting the opening of the shutter of the emitter (an audible signal can be sent to alert the learner) is generated in the block for recording time limits, the target is considered unaffected.

 Information on the progress of the exercise: the lead time, the total number of shots, the number of “successful” shots, if necessary, the time until the end of the exercise and the student’s assessment is displayed on a light panel that is in the learner’s field of vision or in any other place. The student is assessed by the leader on the basis of current standards.

Sources of information
1. Training in shooting from tanks at educational facilities. - M.: Ministry of Defense of the USSR, 1980, 152 p.

 2. Gas gel neon laser (LGN-213). Informelectro.- M., 1988.

Claims (1)

 A training tool containing a device mounted at the muzzle of a tank gun, gun or simulator of firing training on a rack mechanism, and a shield, the tank, gun or simulator of firing training includes a pointing mechanism and a trigger with a Shot button, characterized in that it is equipped with a remote control for registering learning results, and the device is made in the form of a laser emitter, at the front end of which a curtain with a drive is installed, and the curtain drive is connected to the "Shot" trigger button a, and on the shield there are landmarks and target simulators located on the edges in the form of Landolt rings, having bulbs inside, while the simulators are equipped with laser radiation detectors connected to the on-board network of a tank, gun or fire training simulator, and the electrical radiation detector is configured to converting the laser beam into electrical energy and thereby generating a signal to break the power supply circuit of the light bulb and registering it on the learning registration panel, which is connected to the electrical circuit on the shield.

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