RU2127984C1 - Method for producing protein-vitamin feed and feed yeast growing apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: biotechnology, in particular, production of feeds used in animal and poultry farming, and in fishery. SUBSTANCE: method involves growing feed yeast biomass in liquid medium containing organic compounds and/or mineral salts; mixing obtained yeast suspension with dry protein filler and/or filler produced from ground agricultural wastes; providing hydrolysis and drying of mixture. Prior to mixing feed yeast with filler, it is condensed till dry substance content reaches 30-60%. The stages of mixing condensed yeast suspension with given filler, hydrolysis and drying of mixture are conducted simultaneously in extruder at temperature of 100-160 C. Feed yeast growing apparatus has two hermetically sealed cylindrical vessels provided with aerators positioned above vessel bottoms and communicated via overflow pipes, which are equipped at their outlet ends with gates providing flowing of cultural liquid from one vessel into another. Air collector positioned outside vessels is provided with bypass branch pipe and is communicated with gas space of vessels. Air collector has device for alternatively discharging exhaust air from vessel air spaces. Drop catchers positioned at air collector inlet ends are adapted for separating drops from exhaust air. Mentioned device has controlled electromagnetic valves. EFFECT: increased efficiency by fully automated mode of operation, simplified method and construction and improved quality of feeds. 3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

 The invention relates to biotechnology, in particular to the production of protein-vitamin feed, which is used in animal husbandry, poultry farming and fisheries.

 Protein-vitamin feeds are in a certain way obtained and processed mixture of feed proteins and dry protein filler and / or ground agricultural waste. Therefore, the main technological stages of obtaining feed are the cultivation of fodder yeast on nutrient media and mixing the resulting yeast suspension with dry components. As nutrient media for the cultivation of fodder yeast, various liquid effluents are used containing organic compounds and / or mineral salts, for example, stocks of livestock farms, poultry farms, stocks of the pulp and paper industry, food industry (for example, whey, post-alcohol bard), drains, containing oil, wastewater from galvanic plants and others.

 Effluents differ from each other in nature and in the amount of organic compounds and mineral salts contained in them. Yeast strains are selected in such a way that when they grow, they make maximum use of the substances contained in the effluents. Moreover, the addition of components lacking in yeast growth should be minimal, then the use of effluents as a nutrient medium will have economic feasibility and solve the environmental problem of their purification.

 The prospects for wide industrial use are the methods of obtaining feeds that provide high-quality products (feeds with a high protein content, good digestibility and long shelf life), and are also characterized by the simplicity of technology, short duration and low energy consumption, which ensures low production costs.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed method is a method of producing protein-vitamin feed for animals, including coagulation of grain (post-alcohol) stillage, its separation into liquid and solid fractions, growing fodder yeast on a liquid fraction separated after coagulation, mixing the resulting yeast suspension with solid fraction of stillage and with a filler from crushed agricultural waste (corn cobs, straw, sunflower husk, etc.). The resulting mixture is subjected to hydrolysis by boiling (temperature above 100 ^o C) and drying (a.s. USSR 1024052. IPC A 23 K 1/06, C 12 N 1/16, publ. 1983).

 The disadvantage of this method is its multi-stage, long process time, high energy intensity and insufficiently good quality of the finished product (in terms of protein content).

 The technical result of the invention in terms of the method is to simplify, intensify, reduce energy intensity and improve the quality of the finished product (increase in protein content).

To achieve this result in the proposed method for producing protein-vitamin feed, including growing biomass of fodder yeast in a liquid medium containing organic compounds and / or mineral salts, mixing the resulting yeast suspension with a dry protein filler and / or with a filler from ground agricultural waste, hydrolysis of the mixture and its drying, the resulting yeast suspension before mixing is concentrated to a solids content of 30-60% and mixing the concentrated yeast suspension with the specified with this filler, hydrolysis of the mixture and drying are carried out simultaneously in an extruder at a temperature of 100-160 ^o C.

 The thickening of the yeast suspension should be carried out on a hydroturbocyclone.

 A device for growing fodder yeast is known, including two sealed cylindrical containers equipped with aerators located above the bottoms and interconnected by bypass pipes with shutters at the outlet for transferring the culture fluid from the container to the container, and an air collector located on the outside of the containers with a branch pipe connected to the gas space tanks and equipped with a means for alternating exhaust air from them, which is a valve box, the valves of which are controlled are float located in one of the containers (RU patent N 2058992, IPC A 23 K 1/00, publ. 1996).

 A disadvantage of the known device is that over time, yeast biomass accumulates on the float and valves, which leads to its stop. Therefore, it is necessary to periodically stop the operation of the device for cleaning the float system and valve box. This reduces the productivity of the process carried out in the device, makes it impossible for its continuous implementation and complicates the management of its work.

 The technical result of the invention relating to a device for growing fodder yeast according to the proposed method is to increase its productivity and enable automation of the process.

 This technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed device for growing feed yeast, which includes two sealed cylindrical containers equipped with aerators located above the bottoms and communicated with bypass pipes with dampers at the outlet for the transfer of culture fluid from the tank to the tank, and air located outside the tanks a collector with a discharge pipe in communication with the gas space of the tanks and equipped with a means for alternating exhaust air from them to the input Droplet separators for exhaust air are installed at different parts of the air collector, while the means for alternating discharge of the latter consists of controlled electromagnetic valves.

 A method of obtaining protein-vitamin feed is as follows.

 When implementing the proposed method for growing feed yeast, various liquid effluents can be used. In the case of using wastewater containing a solid fraction, for example, post-alcohol stillage, wastewater from livestock and poultry farms, as noted above, preliminary separation of the solid fraction is required, which, depending on nutritional value, may or may not be included in the final feed product. In the framework of the method, a self-cleaning centrifuge can be used for this, the principle of which is based on the separation of fractions during the passage of wastewater through it. Therefore, this stage does not have such a significant effect on the duration of the whole process, as in the known method, where coagulation requires 11 hours. In addition, at this stage, the proposed method does not use coagulants, which may be pollutants of the final products (treated wastewater and feed). Wastewater leaving the separator, which can be used, for example, a turbo-cyclone, has a degree of purification sufficient for reuse. Whey, sewage containing oil, sewage of pulp and paper mills do not require prior centrifugation, but are used directly for growing yeast.

A liquid nutrient medium containing the necessary nutrients is seeded with fodder yeast Candida utilis, Hansenula species, etc. The growing process is carried out at 30-35 ^o C and a pH of 4.0-5.0 under aeration and mixing. Then, the resulting yeast suspension is concentrated to a solids content of 30-60% (for example, in a turbo-cyclone) and fed to the extruder with a dry filler, which is, for example, grain waste, where components are mixed, hydrolyzed and plasmatized, since the temperature at this stage 100-160 ^o C. This stage due to the elevated temperature also includes drying the obtained target product.

Example. The post-alcohol distillery stillage is separated in a self-cleaning centrifuge with a productivity of 200 tons / day into a liquid fraction (136 tons / day) and a solid (with 75% humidity) fraction (64 tons / day). The liquid fraction after sludge and a salt solution (in this case, for the Candida utilis strain it is sufficient to add up to 2 mg / L zinc, manganese and copper sulfates) are sent to a device for growing feed yeast - 100 cubic capacity of a device for growing yeast, where the pH is equal to 4.2, support by titration, if necessary, with caustic, and a temperature of 32 ^o C - by temperature control using a jacket of the apparatus or heat exchanger. The natural bacterial microflora of the effluent is suppressed by phosphoric acid at a pH of 4.2, while maintaining a ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus of 2: 1. The device operates continuously with the supply of 136 tons / day of the liquid fraction to the upper branch pipe and pumping out 136 tons / day of the yeast suspension from the opposite lower branch pipe. Mixing is carried out by liquid jets circulating in the bypass pipes at a speed of 2 m / s, the speed is set on the electronic control unit. Solenoid valves at regular intervals release excess air through the droplets. Air is supplied to the aerators, where it is dispersed during turbulent mixing.

The resulting yeast suspension is fed into a hydroturbocyclone, where it thickens to a 50% moisture content, while purified water (phosphorus, nitrogen up to 5 mg / l) is returned to the production cycle (130 t / day). 6 t / day of the obtained condensed yeast suspension with 55% protein content (including a high content of essential and non-essential amino acids), which also contains vitamins, macro- and microelements, is served with a solid stillage fraction (64 t / day) and 12 t / day grain waste of 14% moisture remaining on a 1 mm sieve in the production of alcohol into an extruder with heated walls (100-160 ^o C). It involves mixing, conditioning, hydrolysis and plasmatization of the supplied components with the removal of excess moisture. Get 36 tons / day of protein and vitamin feed with a moisture content of not more than 14%, protein not less than 50%.

Similarly to the above example, feed is obtained using the stocks of pig and poultry farms for the cultivation of fodder yeast, with the difference that the strains of Candida utilis and Hansenula species yeast are used and the solid fractions of the drains are not used in the further preparation of feed, but are sent for use as an organic fertilizer. When processing 520 tons / day of pork effluents (or the same amount of chicken waste), the resulting 6 tons / day of condensed yeast suspension is mixed with 30 tons / day of dry feed components and 35 tons / day of feed is obtained with a moisture content of not more than 14%, protein 50 %, in addition, receive 400 m ³ / day of purified water and 20 tons / day of organic fertilizer.

 When using whey, effluents from pulp and paper mills, effluents contaminated with oil, a preliminary stage of separation of effluents into fractions is not required.

 When carrying out the process according to the example, only without centrifugation, 30 tons / day of whey using the Candida pseudotropicalis yeast strain get 2 tons / day of condensed yeast suspension and, mixing them with 12 tons / day of soybean meal, get 13 tons / day of protein-vitamin feed with a moisture content of not more than 14%, protein 52%. Also receive 25 tons / day of purified water.

 Received by the proposed method, feed immediately after expansion is easily granulated. The waste water obtained after separation of the protein has a sufficient degree of purification for reuse. The proposed process can be either periodic or continuous.

 The economic efficiency of the proposed method and the feasibility of its industrial use are confirmed by the data given in the table.

 The apparatus for growing feed yeast in FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view, and FIG. 2 - the same option.

 The device includes two sealed cylindrical containers 1 and 2, equipped with nozzles 3 and 4 for supplying air, a nozzle 5 for supplying a nutrient medium in the form of effluent with yeast inoculum, nozzles 6 for draining the culture fluid and aerators 7 and 8 located above the bottoms of the containers.

 Outside, above the containers, an air collector 8 with an outlet pipe 9 is installed, equipped with a means for alternately venting air from them, consisting of controlled solenoid valves 10 and 11 connected to an electronic control unit (not shown in the drawing). At the inlet sections 12 and 13 of the air collector, droplet separators 14 and 15 of the exhaust air are installed, for example, in the form of hydrocyclones. The air manifold communicates with the gas space of the containers using the inlet 16 and outlet 17 pipes for air to pass through these hydrocyclones, and pipes 18 for draining the separated liquid are connected to the tanks.

 Tanks 1 and 2 are interconnected by bypass pipes 19 and 20 with shutters 21 at the outlet for the overflow of culture fluid from tank to tank.

 Tanks 1 and 2 can be installed vertically (see Fig. 1) and horizontally (see Fig. 2).

It is advisable that the bypass pipes 19 and 20 were located so that their axis made an angle of 30-45 ^o to the horizontal plane.

 The vertical arrangement of the containers should be used when growing fodder yeast in a batch manner (ebb-topping method). The horizontal arrangement of the tanks can be used both in a periodic growing process, and continuous in the presence of large volumes of effluents.

The device operates as follows. Tanks 1 and 2 are filled with the liquid fraction of the used stock with yeast inoculum. Air is supplied through nozzles 3 and 4 to the aerators 7 and 8, and when the electromagnetic valves 10, 11 are closed, they create pressure in the containers (0.08 - 0.1 kgf / cm ² ). On the electronic control unit, the frequency (time) of opening and closing of said valves is set. With the solenoid valve 10 open, the container 2 communicates with the atmosphere, and air accumulates in the container 1, transferring part of the liquid from top to bottom in the container 2 through the bypass pipe 20. The liquid level in the container 1 decreases until the valves switch. The valve 10 closes, and the valve 11 opens, while air from the tank 1 is discharged through the pipe 16 to the hydrocyclone 15, in which the droplets of the culture fluid are separated from the air. The purified air enters through the outlet pipe 17 into the air manifold 8 and is discharged into the atmosphere through the valve 11 and the pipe 9. Drops of culture fluid through the pipe 18 are discharged into a container. At this time, the air in the tank 2 accumulates, the liquid is poured down the bypass pipe 19 into another tank. Thus, the volume of liquid through the bypass pipes 19 and 20 is transferred from tank to tank. Due to the fact that the fluid flow from the pipes is directed at an angle to the air flow leaving the aerators 7.8, it is dispersed and turbulent mixing is created in the tanks. A suspension of the grown fodder yeast is discharged from the containers through the nozzles 6 and sent to the condensation.

 The proposed design of a device for growing yeast provides high productivity and allows you to conduct the process in automatic mode.

 As can be seen from the above data, the proposed method for the production of protein-vitamin feed in comparison with the known one has a simpler technology by reducing the number of stages, the minimum duration, which is equal to the total transit time of the processed stream through all devices. When separating effluents into solid and liquid fractions, energy costs are absent, since they are included in the costs of pumping effluents from the pump. The energy consumption during the cultivation of fodder yeast is not less than 2 times lower than in the known one, due to the lack of mechanical mixing. There is no energy-intensive stage of drying the feed mixture. The specific part of energy consumption in the cost of feed obtained by the proposed method is 7-15%, depending on the type of waste used. The proposed technology allows to obtain high-quality feed: protein content - at least 50%, a higher content of amino acids, for example, very important phenylalanine lysine, arganine, moisture content - not more than 14%, lack of living cells of bacterial and yeast cultures.

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing protein-vitamin feed, including growing biomass of feed yeast on a liquid medium containing organic compounds and / or mineral salts, mixing the resulting yeast suspension with a dry protein filler and / or with a filler from ground agricultural waste, hydrolysis of the mixture and its drying, characterized in that the obtained yeast suspension is concentrated before mixing to a solids content of 30-60% and mixing the condensed yeast suspension with the specified filler, hyd olysis of the mixture and drying are carried out simultaneously in an extruder at a temperature of 100 - 160 ^o C.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the thickening of the yeast suspension is carried out on a hydroturbocyclone.  3. A device for growing fodder yeast, comprising two sealed cylindrical containers equipped with aerators located above the bottoms and interconnected by bypass pipes with shutters at the outlet for the transfer of culture fluid from the tank to the tank, and an air collector located on the outside of the tanks with a branch pipe connected to the gas space of the containers and equipped with a means for alternately removing the exhaust air from them, characterized in that at the inlet sections of the air collector drop separators for exhaust air have been updated, and the means for alternately venting the latter consists of controllable solenoid valves.

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