RU2127966C1 - Loamy soil cultivation method and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, cultivation of spacing soil in gardens, berry-fields, vineyards and seedling growing nurseries. SUBSTANCE: method involves simultaneously applying fertilizer (organic and pelletized mineral) mixed with sand and zeolite at ratio of 4:1 or 5:1 over the whole surface of soil directly into soil subjected to rotavation at depth of 8-10 cm or 12-14 cm, with total soil layer being undercut by flat hoe at 24-30 cm depth. Method allows protective film of high air-permeability to be created for preventing intensive moisture evaporation and providing adequate air and water conditions for feeding plant root system. Apparatus has rotavator with housing and window positioned in front part of rotavator housing and extending over its width. Window is connected via nozzle with box containing fertilizer mixed with sand and zeolite. Apparatus is further provided with frame carrying fertilizer mixer and flat hoe. Rotavator has L-shaped double-stepped cutters. Doser valve is positioned between box bottom and leading end of nozzle. EFFECT: increased efficiency in keeping soil fertility and increased yield. 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural (mechanical engineering) and production, and in particular to technological processes of tillage, in particular the processing of row-spacings in orchards, vineyards, berries and nurseries.

 Various soil-protective and moisture-saving technologies are known (Kryazhkov V.M., Spirin A.P., Zhuk A.F. “Prospects for creating machines for soil-protective and moisture-saving technologies.” Tech. In agricultural - 1989. - N 1, p. . 7 - 10), as well as methods of tillage in orchards, vineyards and berries (book Moiseev N. F. Mechanization of work in orchards, vineyards and nurseries ". - M. - 1983. - S. 163 - 167.

 A common drawback for most of the known methods is the failure to meet modern requirements for minimizing tractor treatments by combining at least more than two technological operations, as well as requirements for maintaining soil fertility, air nutrition of the root system of plants.

 The proposed method and device eliminates the noted drawbacks in that they allow the combination of 3 technological operations in a single technological cycle - deep flat-loosening without turning the formation, introducing a mixture of organic or mineral fertilizers with sand and zeolite and milling the soil between rows of fruit stands. However, the proposed method allows to prevent the process of intensive evaporation of moisture on heavy and light loamy soils and their solidification with the formation of a solid surface layer due to enrichment and changes in its mechanical composition.

 The aim of the invention is to preserve soil fertility and increase the productivity of fruit stands by improving the water-air regime of plants by adding organic or mineral fertilizers with sand and zeolite with intensive mixing in the treated soil layer.

 To achieve this goal, two phases of technological operations are carried out sequentially one after the other, the first of which consists in deep loosening of the cut soil layer with a plane cutter to a depth of 24 ... 30 cm (without turning the formation), and the second combines the simultaneous two-layer soil milling at depths of 8 ... 10 and 12 ... 14 cm and the application of organic or granular mineral fertilizers with sand and zeolite, which are taken as a mixture in quantitative composition (ratio) 4: 1 or 5: 1 with a content of 1/4 or 1/5 part ne ska with zeolite of their equal doses.

 At the same time, the front of the milling drum has a window connected to the fertilizer with sand and zeolite mix box through the nozzle, and a shutter of the normalized feed metering dispenser is placed between the bottom of the drawer and the nozzle beginning.

 The drawing shows a structural diagram of a device for implementing the method of processing loamy soils, side view.

 The device consists of a frame 1, a flat-cutting tool 2, a box 3 with a mixture of sand with zeolite 4 and granular fertilizers 5, a mixer 6, a shutter of a dispenser 7, a nozzle 8, a casing of a drum unit 9 and two-stage L-shaped knives 10 of a unit drum.

 To implement the method according to the phases of technological operations on the frame 1 in its front in the direction of movement of the part there is a plane-cutting working body 2, and behind it the combined nodes of the box and the drum, so that the box 3 is located in the upper part of the frame 1, and the drum with the casing 9 and with knives 10 below him. Moreover, box 3 is connected to the casing of the drum by means of a nozzle 8. Box 3 before work is filled with organic (or mineral) fertilizers 5 and a mixture of sand with zeolite 4 in a ratio of 4: 1 or 5: 1 with a content of 1/4 or 1/5 of the sand with zeolite of their equal doses (respectively 4: 1 for light loam and 5: 1 for heavy loam).

 In the inner middle part of the box 3, a mixer 6 is mounted, and in its lower part between the bottom and the nozzle 8 there is a shutter of the dispenser 7.

 The technological process of work is as follows. Before the unit starts moving, 4 (or 5) parts of the total dose of fertilizers and 1 part of a mixture of half sea or river sand and half zeolite are poured into box 3. The shutter of the dispenser 7 extends to the set seed rate of the mixture. Further, with the beginning of the movement of the unit in the aisles of the garden, a technological process is carried out, in the first phase of which the soil is loosened, cut to a depth of 24 ... 30 cm, and after it the second phase of combining two technological processes is carried out - milling the soil with L-shaped two-stage knives on depths of 8. ..10 and 12 ... 14 cm with simultaneous movement in these layers of the introduced organo-sand-zeolite (or mineral-sand-zeolite) mixture. As can be seen from the diagram, the second phase is carried out simultaneously and continuously, including mixing sand with zeolite 4 and fertilizers 5 in the box 3 with mixer 6, then pushing and pouring the mixture through the open slot (hole) of the shutter of the dispenser 7 into the nozzle 8 and getting the mixture onto the working surfaces rotating two-stage L-shaped knives 10 of a frezbaraba, which place them in the soil, and the hinged part of the casing 9 equalizes the surface layer of already enriched soil, while the mixture is evenly distributed in layers of 8 ... 10 and 12 ... 14 cm.

 Thus, a protective and nutrient medium is created in the surface layer of loamy soils. The economic effect during the implementation of the method will be realized due, first of all, to increase the yield of fruit stands and due to the saving of material and labor costs from combining operations performed separately.

Claims (2)

 1. A method of processing loamy soils, containing the operations of deep loosening, fertilizing and milling the surface soil layer, characterized in that it carries out two successive phases of technological operations, the first of which consists in deep loosening the cut soil layer with a plane cutter at a depth of 24-30 cm without turnover of the reservoir, and the second phase combines simultaneously two-layer milling at a depth of 8-10 and 12-14 cm of soil with the introduction of fertilizers (organic or granular mineral) immediately with sand and ceo lithium, which are taken and mixed preliminarily in a quantitative ratio of 4: 1 or 5: 1, respectively, when they contain 1/4 or 1/5 of sand with zeolite in equal doses.  2. A device for processing loamy soils, including a frame, a plane cutter, a box with a fertilizer mixer and a drum with an L-shaped two-stage knives, characterized in that the front of the milling drum has a window connected to the box with a mixture of fertilizers and sand with zeolite by means of a nozzle, and between the bottom of the box and the beginning of the nozzle is placed the shutter of the metering unit of the normalized mixture of fertilizers with sand and zeolite.