RU212348U1 - Sowing unit for seeder - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to sowing devices and is intended for installation on seeders in order to regulate the sowing rate of various seeds.

The device includes a housing with shafts located on it with coils for seeding grain and fertilizer, shafts with valves for grain and fertilizer, adjustable by means of control levers attached to them. Shafts with coils are located on bearings without contact with the body, the bottom cover of the body is removable and at the same time is a tray for mixing grains and fertilizer, the side walls of the body are made of transparent material.

The device has improved performance characteristics (reliability, durability, ergonomics, ease of maintenance) in comparison with analogues.

Description

The utility model relates to sowing devices and is intended for installation on seeders in order to regulate the sowing rate of various seeds.

A universal pneumatic sowing apparatus is known from the prior art (patent for invention RU 2711212 C1, publ.: 01/15/2020 Bull. No. 2). SUBSTANCE: universal pneumatic sowing device contains a seed supply pipe, seed and vacuum chambers, between which there is a sowing disc with holes, a tedder placed on a separate shaft, an eccentric shaft of the sowing disc drive, and an extra seed ejector. On the drive shaft of the sowing disk there is an additional disk with holes adjacent to its plane with the condition of rotation around the shaft axis, equipped with clamps placed in the recesses of the sowing disk. The agitator is made in the form of blades not adjacent to the plane of the sowing disc. The excess seed ejector is a pipe of air flow located tangentially to the plane of the sowing disc, directed in the direction of rotation of the sowing disc.

The closest technical solution is an improved sowing machine for a precision automatic seeder (patent for invention RU 2683686 C2, publ.: 04/01/2019 Bull. No. 10). The sowing machine comprises a cover for seeds to be distributed, attached to a housing having a cavity communicating with the seed suction device through a channel inserted into a hole made in said housing, a selecting device and a distributing disk with holes. The distributing disk is located in a chamber bounded by said body and said cover. A drive disk is connected to the distribution disk by means of pins. Both discs are driven by a shaft driven by an actuator to control the rotation of the discs. The seed selector is rotatable at the edge of the housing. In this case, the picking device contains a plate, which on one of its sides, facing the center of the mentioned distribution disk, contains at least two toothed sections having teeth of different sizes.

The main disadvantage of the inventions given as analogues is the difficulty in maintaining and operating the device due to the presence of a large number of movable structural elements that fit tightly and rotate relative to each other and lead to a reduction in the resource of their use. Also, the disadvantages include the lack of the possibility of visual control of the performance of the device nodes due to the opacity of the walls of the case.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed device is to create a sowing machine with improved performance.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the claimed device includes:

- a block of coils located on bearings without contact with the body of the sowing unit, which ensures ease of rotation, reliability and ease of maintenance;

- lower removable cover, which provides convenient maintenance and at the same time is a tray for rolling seeds into the branch pipes of the seed pipes;

- a transparent wall of the housing, which allows visual control of the condition of the coils and valves in the compartments of the sowing machine.

The technical result provided by the above set of features is to improve performance (reliability, durability, ergonomics, ease of maintenance).

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 - general view of the sowing machine,

in fig. 2 - seeding unit bottom view,

in fig. 3 - seeding unit top view,

in fig. 4 - sectional view of the compartment,

where

1 - body;

2 - shaft with grain sowing coils;

3 - shaft with fertilizer seeding coils;

4 - shaft with grain valves;

5 - shaft with fertilizer valves;

6 - control lever for grain sowing valves;

7 - control lever for fertilizer sowing valves;

8 - branch pipe;

9 - transparent wall of compartments;

10 - lamb;

11 - tray;

12 - plugs;

13 - coil;

14 - bearings.

The sowing machine is a single welded body 1, consisting of several compartments, in which are installed: a shaft with grain seeding coils 2, a shaft with grain valves 4, a shaft with fertilizer seeding coils 3 and a shaft with fertilizer valves 5. The shaft with grain valves 4 has control lever for grain sowing valves 6, the shaft with fertilizer valves 5 has a lever for controlling fertilizer sowing valves 7.

With the help of the grain sowing valve control lever 6, the gaps between the shaft with grain valves 4 and the shaft with grain seeding coils 2 are adjusted. Also, the grain sowing valve control lever 6 allows you to quickly empty the hopper from seed residues. With the help of the fertilizer sowing valves control lever 7, the gaps between the shaft with the fertilizer sowing valves 5 and the shaft with the fertilizer sowing coils 3 are adjusted. Also, the fertilizer sowing valves control lever 7 allows you to quickly empty the bunker from the remains of fertilizers. Seed ducts are put on branch pipes 8. The shaft with grain seeding coils 2 and the shaft with fertilizer seeding coils 3 are connected to the output shafts of the variator through intermediate shafts.

The sowing machine can be located at an angle of 20-55°, sufficient for sowing seeds by rolling due to the force of gravity, which allows for the exact sowing rate of seeds of various crops from 2 to 350 kg per 1 ha. On the compartments of the shafts with seeding coils, plugs 12 can be fixed to block the compartments for sowing wide-row crops.

The transparent wall of the compartments 9 allows for visual control of the condition of the coils and valves in the compartments of the sowing machine.

Tray 11 on the lambs 10 is both the lower removable cover and the tray for rolling seeds into the tubes of the seed ducts.

The lever for controlling the grain sowing valves 6 and the lever for controlling the fertilizer sowing valves 7 allow opening and closing the valves in the coil compartments 13, located on the shaft with the grain sowing coils 2 and the shaft with the fertilizer sowing coils 3. Also the grain sowing valves control lever 6 and the valve control lever seeding fertilizer 7 provide fine adjustment of seeding depending on the type of seeds.

Coil 13 is located on bearings 15 without contact with the housing of the sowing machine, which ensures ease of rotation, reliability and ease of maintenance.

Transition bushings are installed on the output shafts of the variator and are cottered. When foreign bodies get into the sowing unit with seed or fertilizer and the shafts are jammed, the cotter pins are cut off, excluding the breakage of the sowing unit.

The device works as follows.

Seeds and fertilizers are placed in the compartments with shafts with grain and fertilizer sowing coils, after which the shaft compartments are closed with plugs, with the help of control levers for grain and fertilizer sowing valves, the size of the gaps between the shafts with grain and fertilizer sowing valves and the shafts with grain and fertilizer sowing coils is set. Next, the sowing machine is launched, the shafts are set in motion. The raw material comes from the shafts with grain and fertilizer valves and the shafts with grain and fertilizer sowing coils to the variator shaft, where fertilizers are mixed with grain, after which the resulting raw materials are collected in a tray and rolled into the branch pipes of the seed pipelines.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution are:

1. Reliability of the design of the sowing machine.

2. Durability of use of units of the sowing device.

3. Ergonomics (ease of use) of the sowing machine.

4. Convenience of health monitoring, maintenance, replacement of components of the sowing machine.

Claims (1)

A sowing machine for a seeder, including a housing with shafts located on it with grain and fertilizer sowing coils, shafts with grain and fertilizer valves, adjustable by means of control levers attached to them, characterized in that the shafts with coils are located on bearings without contact with the housing, the bottom cover of the body is made removable and at the same time is a tray for mixing grains and fertilizer, and the side walls of the body are made of transparent material.

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