RU2122645C1 - Internal combustion engine and oil level gauge - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; internal combustion engines; base parts. SUBSTANCE: oil sump secured on cylinder block- and-crankcase unit is thin-sheet part including bottom and connecting members. Sump accommodates baffle, oil intake and oil level gauge rod. Baffle is made in form of perforated case electrically insulated and mounted with clearance on inner surface of sump with minimum contact with above indicated surface. Engine has electric heater in form of at least part of case structure made of high-resistance material and placed between oil intake and sump bottom. Case of electric heater has electric contact with wall of sump and with end face of rod of oil level gauge connected through thermal switch to power source. Oil level gauge plays the part of heated oil temperature controlled electrode. EFFECT: reduced noise, enhanced starting characteristics of engine with provision of effective heat removal from walls of sump to ambient medium, enhanced operation of crankcase ventilation system and simplified design. 7 cl, 8 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to engine building, in particular to the hull parts of an internal combustion engine (ICE) and elements of a lubrication system.

 As a rule, ICE oil pallets are made in the form of a single part - cast, absorbing part of the loads, deforming the lower part of the cylinder block (crankcase) and increasing its rigidity (block crankcase), or a cheaper version in the form of a lightweight thin-walled all-stamped part from sheet steel fixed through a gasket to the engine crankcase and dynamically easily deformable in the area of connection to the mounting zone - the plane of the crankcase connector. The design of oil pans (MP), which are oil collectors, must satisfy at least two basic requirements: have a good heat sink on the outer surface of the walls to cool the oil and low noise emitted by the vibrating walls of the sump into the environment (low cabinet sound).

 A well-known oil pan of the internal combustion engine of a VAZ-2108 car (V.A. Vershigora and other car "VAZ-2108". -M.: DOSAAF USSR, 1986, S. 67, Fig. 32, pos.20), which is a single-layer Thin-walled, all-stamped part from a metal sheet, equipped with a mounting flange to the engine block of the engine. Carter has the necessary developed area - the heat removal surface, and inside its cavity contains motor oil.

 The design of the described oil sump provides a sufficiently efficient heat sink, however, subject to strong vibrations, dynamically deformable, oscillating thin-walled metal sump having a developed surface, is a sufficiently efficient emitter of sound energy into the environment, which is its significant structural drawback.

 This drawback is partially eliminated in the technical solution (French application 2398887, CL F 02 F 11/00, publ. 13.03.79), where the pallet is attached to the crankcase through special intermediate elastic vibration-isolating elements, partially weakening the dynamic excitation of the walls and accordingly reducing structural sound emitted by the pallet.

 However, structurally and technologically, this is a rather complicated solution that increases the material consumption and product range, while the case sound is not effectively suppressed due to the limited vibration-isolating qualities of the elastic elements and the loss of these qualities during operation due to prolonged exposure to high temperature and dynamic loads.

 Known oil sump (application of Japan 63-18019, class F 02 F 7/00, publ. 15.04.88, BI 5451), made of a composite three-layer material "metal-plastic-metal" (MPM). Due to the sufficiently high vibration damping properties of the carbon fibers used and the viscoelastic properties of the plastic layer with a low softening temperature, the energy of vibrations is dissipated and the case noise of the oil sump is reduced in the medium and high frequencies of the sound spectrum.

 Being effective from the point of view of improving noise and vibration damping qualities, MPM material at the same time is quite expensive to manufacture, it is technologically poorly susceptible to deep drawing (there are known difficulties in the production of oil pallets), which can increase the number of defects in the manufacture of pallets from MPM, as well as It has a deteriorated heat sink due to the presence of an insulating plastic layer in the material, which either forces the use or increase of the performance of the oil cooler, or use additional means for cooling the engine oil, for example, directed intensive forced blowing of the sump.

 Numerous technical solutions are known in which, to one degree or another, both these problems are simultaneously solved. In particular, this relates to improving the heat removal from the walls of the sump and reducing the vibrational excitability of the walls of the sump and, thus, reducing the body noise emitted by the oil sump into the environment. So, to reduce the vibrational excitability of the oil sump structure, various stops-dampers and reinforcing elements are used (German application 4027242, class F 02 B 77/13, publ. 05.03.92; EPO 0497753, class F 02 F 7/00, publ. 05.08.92; Japanese application 63-61757, CL F 02 F 1/00, publ. 17.03.88). Or the panel of the pallet is equipped with special stiffeners (Japanese application 1-247746, class F 02 F 7/00, publ. 03.10.89; ed. St. USSR 1083923). In the well-known technical solution (Japanese application 63-21010, class F 02 B 77/13, publ. 16.06.80) the oil sump bottom is made of two panels (walls) placed with a gap and vibration-insulated from each other.

 However, the technical solutions described above are quite complex, material-intensive and low-tech.

 All the technical solutions described above have one more common drawback, namely the absence of any special technical means that allow the oil to be preheated before starting the engine in the cold season at low ambient temperatures, which thickens under the influence of low (negative) ambient temperatures which, on the one hand, leads to several attempts to start the engine before it starts up sustainably (this leads to a significant consumption of electric power battery) due to a significant increase in mechanical resistance, and on the other hand, it leads to engine scrolling in case of insufficient oil supply to its rubbing surfaces (for example, in pair: valve pusher - camshaft cam, bearings of the crankshaft and camshaft, etc.) , which leads to increased frictional wear of the rubbing surfaces and, accordingly, reduces the resource and effective performance of the engine as a whole. An increase in the number of attempts to start a cold engine at low ambient temperatures is also associated with a sharp increase in engine toxicity due to the incompleteness of combustion of a highly over-enriched fuel mixture that accumulates in the engine cylinders. Thus, this problem has important environmental significance (noise, toxicity). Ways to solve this problem are described in US patent N 4815431, CL. F 01 M 1/00, publ. 03/28/89, economic patent GDR N 272335, class. F 01 M 5/02, publ. 04.10.89, where, in order to facilitate starting the engine at low ambient temperatures, the oil in the oil pan is preheated with special autonomous or standard electric heaters. Special means of electric heating are also used in devices (ed. St. USSR NN 1020609 and 2041382, class F 02 N 17/04), which themselves are structurally complex and expensive. The layout of these devices on the engine is quite problematic.

 A device is known for preheating an internal combustion engine (ed. St. USSR N1799074, class F 01 M 5/02, priority from 06/28/90), which is autonomous and mounted on the engine before it is started and preheated.

 As a prototype, the VAZ-2121 engine was selected (V.A. Vershigora and others. The VAZ-2121 Niva car. -M.: Transport, 1980, p. 6-7, Fig. 2,3). The engine contains an oil pan fixed on the lower plane of the crankcase, made in the form of a sheet-shaped trough-shaped part, and a plate damper, an oil receiver and an oil level indicator, which is a metal rod, part of which is located below the oil level in the oil pan, that are electrically isolated from the engine body , and the opposite part is equipped with a sealed landing tip, through which the level indicator is installed in a special socket, made in the block engine crankcase.

 The pallet of the described engine, having a developed heat sink surface, effectively removes heat from its surface, especially when the car is moving at high speeds. However, having a simple, cheap and high-tech design, a developed external surface in the form of a highly vibrating shell radiates a significant amount of sound energy into the environment. In addition, the absence of oil pre-heating means in the engine lubrication system makes it difficult to start it at the first attempt at a low temperature and worsens the lubrication conditions of the engine elements during the pre-start period.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce engine noise, improve its starting qualities at low ambient temperatures while ensuring cooling of the lubricating oil by efficient heat removal from the walls of the sump, improving the operation of the crankcase ventilation system while ensuring simplicity and high technological design.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the known internal combustion engine containing an oil pan fixed on the lower plane of the crankcase, made in the form of a sheet trough-like part, and a plate damper and elements for supplying oil to the engine lubrication system, in particular an oil receiver, are placed in the pan , an oil pump and an oil level indicator rod electrically insulated from the engine housing (crankcase), said engine is additionally equipped with a local electric oil heater , the damper is made in the form of a perforated cartridge with a gap and is electrically insulated on the inner surface of the pallet with minimal contact with the surface, and the electric heater is made in the form of at least a part of the cartridge structure located between the intake of the oil receiver and the bottom of the pallet, at least this part of the cassette structure is made of high-resistance material and has electrical contact with the wall of the sump and the end of the rod of the oil dipstick, connected through a thermal switch to power supply source.

 A thermal switch with the possibility of electrical contact is mounted on the shell and is made in the form of a spring bimetallic element, the connector of which is placed coaxially with the rod of the oil level indicator.

 In addition, the pacifier may have a cellular structure (i.e., be a volume cassette) formed by longitudinal and / or transverse perforated plates and / or horizontal perforated plates mounted on the shell (or formed integrally with it). The cartridge has openings on the side of the crankcase for oil supply elements to the engine lubrication system. At least the shell can be made of vibration-damping high-resistance material, in particular a porous mesh material, metal rubber, and other similar materials. Or a damper (cassette) can be entirely made in the form of a single cast monoblock made of vibration-damping high-resistance material.

 The design of the oil level indicator in a pan containing an rod of electrically conductive material, through which current is supplied to the electric heater, and on which a restrictive element of dielectric material is mounted, by means of which the indicator is installed in the socket of the motor housing, and the holder are mounted on the holder, is also original. elastic push-button switch and electrical terminal.

 The tip of the rod is made in the form of a removable electrode of low resistance material.

 At the same time, the functional purpose of the pointer is completely preserved - oil level control in the pan. When the switch is pressed in, the tip of the rod enters the connector of the spring bimetallic element, a thermal switch mounted on the shell, thereby ensuring the electrical contact of the power supply with an electric heater.

With this design of the engine and the oil level indicator, their original elements perform the functions:
- spatial damper of structural vibrations of the entire surface of the pallet shell;
- the resulting aerodynamic-type active silencer that fills the entire enclosed space of the sump and absorbs the acoustic energy that accumulates in the confined space of the oil sump;
- an effective damper for the volume of oil in the pan due to crushing of the total space filled with oil, the structure of the cartridge into separate small volumes;
- an effective absorber of gas pulsations damped by both local volumes of the cassette frame and the gas-permeable walls of the cassette frame, which improves the functioning of the crankcase ventilation system due to the suppression of the pulsating component of the gas stream;
- an effective economical local oil pre-heater, located mainly in the intake area of the oil receiver.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawings.

 In FIG. 1 shows a portion of an engine block crankcase on which an oil pan is mounted.

 Figure 2 shows the installation in the pan shell.

 Figure 3 shows the mounting of the shell in the pallet.

 In FIG. 4 shows a portion of a shell that functions as a heating element. This part is limited by the rays OA and OB.

 In FIG. 5 shows a vertical section of the shell along the beam AB.

 In FIG. 6 shows the connection diagram of the oil level indicator to the local electric heater, the position is closed.

 In FIG. 7 similarly to FIG. 6, the position is open.

 In FIG. 8 shows an embodiment of a removable tip of a rod of an oil level indicator.

 The oil pan is mounted on the lower plane of the ICE block-crankcase connector 1 and is made in the form of a sheet-shaped trough-like part including a bottom 2 and a connecting 3 parts and a plate damper 4 and oil supply elements in the ICE lubrication system, in particular the oil receiver 5 and the rod, located in the bottom part 6 oil level gauges. The damper 4 is made in the form of a volumetric perforated cartridge formed by vertical longitudinal 7 and transverse 8 perforated plates, which are fixed on a common base - a shell 9, electrically insulated and with a gap mounted on the inner surface of the pallet, with minimal contact with the named surface. The cassette can be partially or completely made of a vibration-damping material, for example, a porous mesh material. The electric heater is made in the form of at least part of the structure of the cassette - the shell 9, located between the intake 10 of the oil receiver and the bottom part 2 of the sump. This part of the shell 9 (for example, covered by the rays OA and OB) is made of high-resistance material and has an electrical contact 11 with the wall of the pallet and the end (or removable tip) 12 of the rod 6 of the oil level indicator connected via a thermal switch 13 to a power supply (regular or autonomous) ), for example, to the battery 14. The oil level indicator comprises a rod 6 made of an electrically conductive material, on which a restriction element 15 (polymer sleeve) is mounted, by means of which the indicator is mounted in the socket 16 of the box Engine whisker, and a holder on which is mounted a spring-loaded by a spring 17 push-button switch (button) with an electrical terminal 18 through which electric current is fed to the rod 6, which tip 12 may be regular or removable (replaceable when needed during the operation). The temperature switch 13 can be made in the form of a spring element (bimetallic plate) welded to the shell 9, into the connector of which, in the operating mode of the electric heater, a rod 6 or a tip 12 mounted on it from low resistance material is inserted.

 Dynamic processes during the implementation of working processes in the internal combustion engine in the form of gas forces, unbalanced forces and moments of inertia of the crank mechanism cause dynamic deformation of the engine block structure 1 of the internal combustion engine with the corresponding excitation and transfer of oscillatory processes and bending dynamic deformations to the body parts connected to it and mounted mounted ICE units with the corresponding re-emission of this vibrational energy into the energy of elastic sound waves emitted into the environment in the form of a body sound, which is an undesirable noise pollution of the environment.

 On the other hand, a closed internal cavity formed by the engine block crankcase and oil sump is dynamically excited by gas pulsations of crankcase gases breaking out of the above-piston space of the crank mechanism and by pulsations of variable gas volume due to reciprocating motion of the ICE pistons.

 Due to the fact that the structure of the volumetric cartridge as an element of imposing restrictive dynamic connections interacts with numerous contact zones of the wall (shell) over the entire surface of the oil sump, an increase in the bending stiffness of the oil sump as a whole is provided, and the dynamic mobility of the wall (shell) is reduced, which favorably affects the decrease in body vibration and wall noise. Such multipoint interaction of the pallet wall structures and the volumetric cassette elements is effective from the point of view of ensuring the processes of converting structural deformations of the pallet wall into the corresponding damping deformations of the volumetric structure of the spatial vibration-damping cassette.

 In the proposed internal combustion engine, a significant part of the vibrational energy is converted into heat rather than sound due to the effective damping of the vibration stream, which is transformed from the crankcase 1 to the oil pan wall structure by the plates of the damper 4, made in the form of a volume cartridge formed by perforated plates 7 and 8, which are mounted on a common perforated base - shell 9, which is made of high-performance noise vibration damping material, for example PSM. Moreover, due to the use of a damper in the form of a volumetric perforated cassette of vibration-damping material (porous or pressed mesh material), which has the properties of gas permeation and sound absorption of air sound waves and dispersion of gas pulsation energy, it is possible to additionally absorb sound energy transmitted by air from the block crankcase into the enclosed interior of the oil pan, which, in addition to the structural component, reduces airborne noise, reradiated by the walls of the oil pan. Those. In addition to their main function (preventing shaking and foaming of the oil), the cassette and shell plates begin to perform along with another useful function - active friction of the air silencer and active diffuser of structural vibrations of the walls of parts 2 and 3 of the pallet. At the same time, the presence of perforation holes in the cassette and shell plates makes it possible to additionally control the degree of damping of pulsations of crankcase gases, which favorably affects the operation of the crankcase ventilation system due to a decrease in the hydraulic resistance of transporting crankcase gases with a weakened pulsating component of the mass flow of gases.

 The PSA material used as a structural material, for example, allows additional effective vibration damping of structural bending vibrations of sheet thin-walled structures and the corresponding suppression of body sound by this rigid structure (pallet wall) due to more efficient conversion of mechanical vibrational energy associated with bending deformations of the damper structure into thermal the energy released in the inner fibrous mesh layer of the PSM in the process of bending deformations of this porous structure and friction of the pulsating gas and sound flow in the porous and perforated structure of the damper.

 The presence of a gap between the bottom of the pallet and the perforated shell, as well as the minimum mutual contact of these elements provide free access of hot oil to the surface of the wall of the bottom, with which heat is effectively removed to the environment.

 Thus, the application of the above, rather structurally simple and high-tech technical solution allows you to effectively solve simultaneously two conflicting problems of engine building, namely, reducing the noise of the engine and the car as a whole and improving its performance by providing efficient heat removal from elements requiring forced cooling, and improving the operation of the engine crankcase ventilation system.

 Along with this, the proposed engine solves another very important problem, namely, improving the starting process of a cold engine in conditions of negative ambient temperature by preheating or the entire volume of oil placed in the sump, or by local heating of the part of the oil that directly contacts the intake 10 of the oil receptacle 5, which is connected to an oil pump (not shown). For this, either the entire structure of the damper 4 (in this case, the entire volume of oil in the sump is heated), or its separate part adjacent to the oil receiver (see Fig. 4), bounded by the triangle OAB (local oil heating), are made of high-resistance material, to which is supplied with electric current, while the elements of the damper are electrically insulated from the pallet, for example, by fluoroplastic elements, as shown in FIG. 3. The heads of these elements can be placed in special mounting holes, FIG. 1, 2, 4, 5, made in the elements of the cartridge, and the base is glued to the inner surface of the pallet, for example, with glue such as cyacrine. The supply of electric current to the local zone in this case is carried out in a certain way. In particular, to obtain local heating of the oil, it is necessary to place the contacts of the cartridge cassette 11 and the contact of the rod 6 of the oil level indicator so that the intake 10 is located inside the heating surface of the cartridge, which (surface) in Fig. 4 is formed by a part of the shell 9 and part of the transverse plate 8 This technique allows you to save a supply of regular on-board electricity (it is important given the limited capacity of the battery 14), since when starting the engine it is enough to warm only the volume of oil that is in the area of the oil receiver 5. Here it is appropriate to note that the performance of the oil pump, for example, the VAZ-2121 engine (prototype) at idle (about 100 rpm) is 4 liters per minute with an oil volume of 3.8 liters in the sump. Under conditions of sufficiently warmed oil, a stable engine start is carried out in 3-5 seconds. Those. preliminary it is necessary to warm up 10 - 15% of the volume of oil placed in the immediate vicinity of the oil receiver 5. Power can be supplied not only from the vehicle’s on-board network, but also from an autonomous source, for example, from an outlet in the garage box.

 To avoid excessive oil overheating, a thermal switch 13 or other element similar in function is introduced into the electric circuit. As one of the design options, quite simple and reliable (Fig. 6-8), a thermal switch made in the form of a spring bimetallic element can be proposed, while the holder of the oil level indicator is equipped with a push-button switch with terminal 18. By pressing the button, the tip 12 of the rod 6 is inserted into the connector of the element of the thermal switch 13, i.e. between bimetallic plates, and is held by elastic forces, which in this case exceed the spring force of spring 17. When the oil reaches a certain temperature, the value of which corresponds to a sufficient warm-up for reliable start-up, the plates open and the spring 17 extends the rod 6 together with the button all the way into its body with which she forms a bayonet connection. In this position, the oil level indicator performs the normal standard control and measuring function of the oil dipstick. The end face of the rod 6 can be equipped with a replaceable tip (removable) made of low-resistance material during operation, or contact with the plates is carried out by a standard rod 6.

Claims (7)

 1. An internal combustion engine containing an oil pan fixed on the lower plane of the crankcase, made in the form of a sheet-shaped trough-like part, and a plate damper, an oil receiver and an oil level indicator rod electrically insulated from the engine body, characterized in that the engine is additionally provided with a local electric oil heater, the damper is made in the form of a perforated cassette, with a gap and electrically insulated mounted on the inner surface of the pallet, with minimal contact with the named surface, and the electric heater is made in the form of at least a part of the cassette structure located between the intake of the oil receiver and the bottom of the sump, while at least this part of the cassette structure is made of high resistance material and has electrical contact with the wall of the sump and the end of the oil rod probe connected via a thermal switch to a power source.  2. The internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal switch with the possibility of electrical contact is mounted on the shell and is made in the form of a spring bimetallic element, the connector of which is placed coaxially with the rod of the oil level indicator.  3. An internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the damper has a cellular structure formed by longitudinal and / or transverse and / or horizontal perforated plates mounted on the shell.  4. The internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least the shell is made of vibration-damping high-resistance material, for example, a porous vibration-noise-damping high-resistance material, a porous mesh material.  5. The internal combustion engine according to claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the damper is made in the form of a single monoblock made of vibration-damping high-resistance material.  6. An oil level indicator comprising a rod of electrically conductive material on which a restrictive element of dielectric material is mounted, by means of which a pointer is mounted in the socket of the motor housing, and a holder, characterized in that an elastic push-button switch and an electrical terminal are mounted on the holder.  7. The oil level indicator according to claim 6, characterized in that the rod tip is made in the form of a removable electrode of low resistance material.

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