RU2119739C1 - Grain cleaning apparatus of grain combine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has mechanical vibration source for vibrating conveyance board and lower screens. Additional vibrations at ultrasonic frequency are provided by means of two auxiliary vibration sources formed as magnetostrictors with concentrators. Magnetostrictors are connected with ultrasonic generator through wires. EFFECT: increased efficiency in grain cleaning due to combined action of ultrasonic frequency vibrations and mechanical vibrations of conveyance boards and screens. 2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a device for cleaning grain in combine harvesters.

 The closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a vibratory grain cleaning machine, comprising a spring-loaded cylindrical body mounted on a bed with cleaning sieves, connected by means of a vibrating table with a vibrator made in the form of two electric motors with unbalanced loads on the shafts, while the vibrating table is installed in the lower part of the housing and is equipped with a guide, in which, with the possibility of movement, electric motors are installed, the shafts of which are mounted coax but, moreover, unbalanced loads are fixed on the shafts with the possibility of changing the centers of mass relative to the axis of rotation [1].

 The disadvantages of such a machine include the fact that its design is not universal and it is not perfect for use in combine harvesters.

 The technical result of the present invention is a sharp increase in productivity and quality of grain cleaning.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that additional vibrations with ultrasonic frequency are imposed on the mechanical vibrations of the transport board and sieves. In this case, additional vibration sources are made in the form of two magnetostrictive transducers with hubs connected by supply wires to an ultrasonic generator, and each hub is rigidly connected to a L-shaped threaded finger attached to the transport board, having a shallow internal undercut from the end face of the threaded end, through a slotted titanium laying by means of a slotted nut with a lock nut, and the case of the ultrasonic generator is shielded by vacuum.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general scheme for cleaning a combine harvester; in FIG. 2 is a view along arrow A of FIG. one; in FIG. 3 - node 1 of FIG. one.

 The device consists of left and right (relative to the sides of the combine harvester) magnetostrictive transducers 1, each hub 2 of which is rigidly connected to, for example, a L-shaped threaded finger 4 welded to the transport board 3, having a shallow internal undercut from the end side of the threaded end (Fig. 3), through a slotted titanium gasket 5 by means of a slotted nut with a lock nut 7. The magnetostrictive transducer bodies 1 are suspended on calibrated conical springs 8 at the left 9 and right side of the harvester outside and enclosed in a U-shaped lateral limiters - guides 10 so that the magnetostrictor bodies 1 would have the possibility of free reciprocating movement in horizontal and vertical directions during cleaning operation of the harvester. At the same time, U-shaped lateral limiters-guides 10 are attached with bolts and nuts to the left 9 and right side of the combine harvester. On top of each U-shaped device 10 has an opening for easy passage of calibrated conical springs 8. The magnetostrictive transducers 1 are connected to the ultrasonic generator by supply wires 11 (not shown in the drawings). In turn, the ultrasonic generator is connected by wires with a special electric generator (not shown in the drawings) mounted on the combine. In accordance with the proposal, the drive of a special electric generator should be carried out from the engine of the combine.

 In order to eliminate or sharply reduce the harmful effects of ultrasonic waves on the combine operator emanating from the ultrasonic generator during its operation, the housing of the ultrasonic generator is shielded by vacuum.

 The mechanical vibration source is connected by means of the ABC crank mechanism to the transport board 3. The latter is connected through the lever system shown in FIG. 1, pivotally connected to the upper sieve 12 and the sieve mill 13 of the lower sieve 14.

 For practical implementation of the rigid connection of the concentrators 2 with the transport board 3 in the left 9 and right side of the combine at the level of the location of the transport board 3, windows are made one in each (not shown in the drawings), through which 3 L-shaped are welded to the transport board with a smooth end threaded fingers 4. After welding, special rubber seals are installed in the through-holes to eliminate possible grain loss through them. Moreover, these seals should be particularly pliable for 3 L-shaped threaded fingers 4 welded to the transport board during cleaning operation.

 Operations during mechanical cleaning of grain consist in the fact that from under the threshing devices, the heap enters the transport board 3, which delaminates it (the grain is located below, and straw impurities from above) and moves to the upper sieve 12. At the beginning of the sieve 12, within the finger combs 15 of the transport board 3, to this heap add grain and impurities isolated by a straw walker. The grain and the fine fraction leave the transport board 3, pass between the fingers of the comb 15 to the beginning of the upper sieve 12, the large fraction supported by the air flow of the fan 16 and the finger comb 15 are sent to the middle of the sieve 12. Due to this, the front part of the upper sieve 12 is unloaded and is provided the allocation of the bulk (80-95% of the grain) within 1/3 of the length of the upper sieve 12. The upper 12, lower 14 sieve and fan 16 remove impurities from the grain by size and windage.

 The passage through the sieve 12, 14 enters the screw 17 and then is transported by the elevator to the hopper. The transport board 3 and sieves 12, 14 are provided with longitudinal ridges (they are not shown in FIG. 1), which prevent the heap from shifting to the side with a transverse tilt of the combine thresher.

 To capture the ears on the upper sieve 12, there is an extension 18. The passage through the extension 18 and the heavier part of the exit from the second lower sieve 14 enters the spike auger 19, and then it is fed to the bumper bit by the elevator and the upper spike auger of the combine, and the beater into the first drum for re-threshing.

 Thus, grain cleaning in combine harvesters is carried out due to mechanical vibrations of the transport board 3 from the ABCEF mechanism in horizontal and vertical directions. The upper sieve 12 sets in motion the mechanism ABCGHJ. The lower sieve 14 with the sieve mill 13 drives the ABCD PKL mechanism along concave paths in oscillatory motion. When this transport board 3 also leads to reciprocating mechanical vibrations in the horizontal and vertical directions and the bodies of the magnetostrictive transducers 1 through the hubs 2.

 After the harvester starts operation, the operator opens the water supply tap to the magnetostrictor windings 1. Then it turns on the ultrasonic generator and adjusts it to a certain operating mode. Moreover, on the mechanical vibrations of the transport board 3 and sieves 12, 14 magnetostrictive transducers 1 through the hubs 2 impose additional vibrations with ultrasonic frequency.

 The specified superposition of additional vibrations modulates mechanical vibrations, i.e., changes the amplitude of the object’s vibrations - pos. 3, 15, 12, 18, 13, 14. Moreover, the magnetostrictive transducers 1 operate synchronously, since they are powered from one ultrasonic generator.

 When superimposed additional vibrations with an ultrasonic frequency on the mechanical vibrations of the transport board 3 and sieves 12, 14, the above-described processes of mechanical cleaning of grain are accelerated many times, cleaning improves dramatically. At the same time, grain passing through the sieves, as it were, “floats” (“boils”) on the grids.

 Equally important is the effect of gravitational forces on the process of ultrasonic cleaning of grain in combine harvesters. The passage of grain through sieves 12, 14, the removal of impurities from them according to size and windage and the other technological processes described above are significantly accelerated and, consequently, the productivity and quality of grain cleaning sharply increases. Thus, a positive effect is achieved.

 From the included ultrasound generator, ultrasonic waves are delayed in the closed vacuum screen of the ultrasonic generator housing, because the propagation of ultrasonic waves requires a medium (metal, water, air, etc.). Therefore, the operator of the combine is maximally protected from the harmful effects of ultrasonic waves.

 The application of additional vibrations with an ultrasonic frequency to the mechanical vibrations of the transport board and sieves increases the grain cleaning performance by about 2-10 times, depending on the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations.

 [1] Copyright certificate of the USSR N 716536, class A 01 F 12/44, 1980.

Claims (2)

 1. Device for cleaning grain in combine harvesters, containing a mechanical source of vibration of the transport board from the crank mechanism, pivotally connected through a system of levers with the upper sieve and the sieve mill of the lower sieve, two additional vibration sources, each body of which is located at the left and right sidewalls the harvester is installed outside in the U-shaped lateral limiters-guides with the possibility of reciprocating movement in the horizontal and vertical directions during operation cleaning and suspended on calibrated conical springs, and the hubs of additional sources of vibration through the threaded fingers are rigidly connected to the transport board through the through windows made in the sidewalls of the combines one in each and equipped with rubber seals, characterized in that the additional vibration sources are made in the form of two magnetostrictive transducers with hubs connected by supply wires to an ultrasonic generator, and each hub is rigidly connected to to the transport board with a L-shaped threaded pin through a slotted titanium gasket by means of a slotted nut with a lock nut.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the housing of the ultrasonic generator is shielded by vacuum.

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