RU211971U1 - Sleeper lining - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of railway construction.

The task is to increase the operational reliability of the sleeper lining by achieving a technical result - increasing the density of the reinforcing elements in the sleeper lining and increasing their transverse shear resistance when absorbing loads.

Sleeper lining (Fig. 1) contains a support layer (7) and an elastic layer (1) located on it and made of polymer, in which and above which a reinforcing layer (2) is located, made of rows of wavy polymer threads (3) embedded with their depressions into the elastic layer (1) and their tops (5) freely located above it, while rows of strands (6) are passed through the rows of wavy polymer threads (3).

The rows of strands are oriented in the reinforcing layer in such a way that they are passed through the tops (5) and troughs of the wavy polymer threads (3), forming with them a monolithic element of the reinforcing layer (2), which contributes to an increase in the rigidity of the reinforcing layer and an increase in the transverse shear resistance of the lining during perception loads.

The strands (6) are made of monofilament polymer, the hardness of which is equal to the hardness of the wavy polymer threads (3), while they and the strands (6) are made of a polymer whose hardness is higher than the hardness of the polymer from which the elastic layer (1) is made.

To enable the function of strengthening the strength of the elastic layer (1), the cavities of the wavy polymer threads (3) are embedded in the elastic layer (1) to a depth of at least 5 mm and not more than 10 mm.

The elastic layer (1) is made in contact with the support layer (7), while it is made of a polymer whose density is higher than the density of the polymer from which the elastic layer (1) is made.

Additional distinguishing features of the utility model:

- the distance between adjacent peaks (5) of each wavy polymer thread (3) is not less than 10 mm and not more than 25 mm;

- the distance between adjacent peaks (5) of wavy polymer threads (3) is not less than 4 mm and not more than 15 mm.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of railway construction and concerns vibration isolation devices, in particular sleeper pads, which serve to absorb and dissipate high vibration loads that occur during the passage of railway transport.

Known sleeper lining [1, Patent DE 102013209495 B4, IPC E01B 3/00, priority 22.05.2013 published 27.11.2014], which consists of a support structure made of elastic polymer material and a connecting layer, while the structure of the connecting layer is made by modifying surface of the supporting structure.

The connecting layer is made in the form of a fibrous structure, made of an elastic thermoplastic polymer material. In this case, the fibrous structure is made together with the supporting structure as a single piece by means of injection molding. In such a product, the fibers are bent or have a kink, and the fiber structure has many sections with different element orientations.

Such a kind of shock-absorbing sole made of undersleepers can be attached to the sleeper by means of a fastening structure. The attachment can be made in the form of a fitting, for example by hardening concrete in the receiving areas of the attachment structure.

However, this sleeper pad is difficult to manufacture. In addition, when it is made of the same material as that of the supporting structure, the tensile strength of the protrusions of the lining material decreases when it is sheared. The fibers that protrude above the supporting structure are not closed to each other, therefore they do not have sufficient rigidity, which does not provide reliable transverse shear resistance when absorbing loads. Therefore, a sleeper that performs the function of a shock-absorbing sole based on such an undersleeve lining is not sufficiently durable.

A more durable sleeper lining is known [2, Patent WO 2008122066 A1, E01B 3/46, priority 04/06/2007 published 10/16/2008].

This sleeper pad contains a support layer of at least one polymer with a bonding layer for contact and connection with the concrete sleeper. The structure of the connecting layer is also made by modifying the surface of the support structure and is formed by channel-like and porous recesses or channel-like protrusions. When connected to a sleeper, these channels are filled with concrete, which increases the adhesion of the lining to the sleeper.

However, this sleeper pad is also difficult to manufacture. In addition, careful observance of the technology is required for the complete filling of the lining channels with concrete. All this leads to an increase in the price of the product.

Known more technologically advanced and more reliable under sleeper lining [3, Patent AT12923U1, IPC D03D13/00; E01 B1/00; E01 ВЗ/46, priority 04/15/2011, published 02/15/2013], taken as a utility model prototype.

Such a sleeper pad contains an elastic layer, in which and above which a reinforcing layer for a concrete sleeper is located when it is formed on the sleeper pad. The reinforcing layer is made of rows of wavy threads embedded with their depressions into the elastic layer and freely located above it with their tops. Rows of strands are passed through the rows of wavy polymer threads, located on the plane of the connection of the elastic layer with the concrete sleeper. At the same time, this reinforcing layer prevents the ballast or soil from penetrating too deeply into the elastic layer of the sleeper lining, which protects it from premature destruction.

A significant disadvantage of the known prototype device [3] is that the tops and troughs of the above wavy threads are not connected to adjacent rows. In addition, the reinforcing layer is not a monolithic element. Therefore, the reinforcing layer is not sufficiently rigid and cannot provide strong shear resistance of the elastic layer.

Because of this, in the case of excessive penetration of crushed ballast into the elastic layer and low transverse shear resistance of the entire structure of such a lining, this can lead both to a deterioration in the absorption and dissipation of vibration loads, and to the destruction of the sleeper lining itself and to a decrease in the quality of the sleeper.

This circumstance adversely affects their reliability, the reliability of many such sleeper pads and sleepers based on them, as well as the reliability of the railway track in which such products are used.

Therefore, the objective of the utility model is to increase the operational reliability of the sleeper lining by achieving a technical result - increasing the rigidity of its reinforcing layer and increasing the transverse resistance to its shear when taking loads.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the undersleeper lining (Fig. 1-7), containing an elastic layer (1), in which and above which there is a reinforcing layer (2), made of rows of wavy polymer threads (3), embedded by their depressions ( 4) into the elastic layer (1) and their tops (5) freely located above it, while rows of strands (6) are passed through the rows of wavy polymer threads (3), there are distinctive features: the rows of strands are made of monofilament polymer and are oriented in the reinforcing layer in such a way that they are passed through the tops (5) and troughs (4) of the wavy polymer threads (3), forming with them a monolithic element of the reinforcing layer (2), and the strands (6) are made of monofilament polymer, the hardness of which is equal to the hardness of the wavy polymer threads (3), which, like the strands (6), are made of a polymer whose hardness is higher than the hardness of the polymer from which the elastic layer (1) is made.

Due to the fact that the rows of strands are oriented in the reinforcing layer in such a way that they are passed through the tops (5) and troughs (4) of the polymer threads (3), forming with them a monolithic element of the reinforcing layer (2), it is achieved that, compared with the prototype [3], the transverse shear resistance of the product as a whole increases significantly when the load of such threads is perceived.

This also makes it possible to increase the mentioned increase in transverse shear resistance by making the yarns monofilament from a polymer whose hardness is higher than the hardness of the polymer from which the elastic layer (2) is made.

Taken together, these distinguishing features of the utility model will allow not to use, unlike the prototype [3], a fabric base for reinforcing elements in order to create a bunch of rows for it to compensate for their loose arrangement.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model that enhance the effects mentioned above:

- the distance (L) between adjacent peaks (5) of each wavy polymer thread (3) is not less than 10 mm and not more than 25 mm;

- distance (M) between adjacent peaks (5) of wavy polymer threads (3) not less than 4 mm and not more than 15 mm;

- the distance (R) between adjacent depressions (4) for wavy polymer threads is not less than 10 mm and not more than 25 mm;

- thickness (s) of wavy polymer threads (3) and strands (6) not less than 0.9 mm and not more than 2 mm;

- the elastic layer (1) is made in contact with the support layer (7), which is made of a polymer whose density is higher than the density of the polymer from which the elastic layer (1) is made;

- thickness (z) of the support layer (7) is not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 3 mm;

- depressions (4) of wavy polymer threads (3) are embedded in the elastic layer (1) to a depth (N) of not less than 5 mm and not more than 10 mm, and the tops (5) of polymer threads (3) freely located above the elastic layer (1) at a distance (W) of at least 4 mm and not more than 10 mm.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, where in Fig. 1 shows an example of a general perspective view of a part of a sleeper pad; in fig. 2 is an enlarged detail view of A in FIG. one; in fig. 3 is a perspective view of the reinforcement layer; in fig. 4 is a rotated section B-B of FIG. 3; in fig. 5 shows a cross section of a sleeper in an example of its application; in fig. 6 shows a cross-section of a railway track using the sleeper of FIG. 5; in fig. 7 is an enlarged detail view of B in FIG. 6.

The sleeper lining (Fig. 1, 2, 3) contains an elastic layer (1), in which and above which there is a reinforcing layer (2), made of rows of wavy polymer threads (3), embedded with their depressions (4) into the elastic layer ( 1) and their vertices freely located above it (5). Rows of strands (6) are passed through the rows of wavy polymer threads (3), forming with them a monolithic element of the reinforcing layer (2).

The strands (6) are passed through the tops (5) and troughs (4) of the wavy lolimer (3) threads (3). Thus, the lower strands (6) are embedded in the elastic layer (1), and the upper strands in the concrete layer (8), which strengthens the connection between the lining and the railway sleeper (11).

Wavy lolimer threads (3) and strands (6) are expediently made of monofilament polymer, the hardness of which is higher than the hardness of the polymer from which the elastic layer (1) is made. The latter is made in contact with the support layer (7), which is made of a polymer whose density is higher than that of the elastic layer (1). The elastic layer (1) on the side opposite to the support layer (7) has a glossy surface structure.

Such a design of the reinforcing layer (2) simplifies its manufacture and increases the convenience and durability of the use as a material for reinforcing elements, since they will have improved modulus of elasticity, strength, and chemical resistance to external influencing factors. As a result, the reinforcing layer (2) will better retain its properties and shape during its embedding, both in the material of the elastic layer (1) and in the concrete layer (8) of the sleeper at the stage of production of the railway structure, which will create an even greater increase in the elastic layer (1) of the sleeper lining.

Giving a glossy structure to the surface of the elastic layer (1) from the side opposite to the support layer (7), in turn, will create additional protection against water ingress into the elastic layer (1), which, together with its closed-cell structure, will increase the resistance of the sleeper pad to low temperatures due to the absence of liquid and, accordingly, the absence of its crystallization processes in the elastic layer (1).

The geometric dimensions recommended above (Fig. 2, 4) of the elements of the reinforcing layer (2) are optimal for reliable adhesion with the elastic layer (1) and the concrete of the railway sleeper (11). The use of wavy polymer threads (3) of the reinforcing layer (2), made of elastic monofilament threads, does not prevent the dispersion of vibration loads in the material of the elastic layer (1), while increasing the strength and wear resistance of the undersleeper lining as a whole.

To enable the function of strengthening the strength of the elastic layer (1), the cavities (4) of the polymer threads (3) are embedded (Fig. 7) in the elastic layer (1) to a depth (N) of at least 5 mm and not more than 10 mm.

For reliable connection of the lining with the railway sleeper (11), the tops (5) of the polymer threads (3) are located (Fig. 2) above the elastic layer (1) at a distance (W) of at least 4 mm and not more than 10 mm.

Such a sleeper lining (Fig. 5) can be used as part of a railway sleeper (11), when on top of the elastic layer (1) there is a hardened layer of concrete (8), pre-filled with closing tops (5) of wavy polymer threads (3) and upper strands (5). Railway sleeper (11) is installed on a ballast pad (9) made of crushed stone. As part of such a structure, where there are many sleepers similar to it, a railway track (12) is formed (Fig. 6), in which rails (10) are installed on layers of concrete (9), railway sleepers (11).

Sleeper pads are installed under railway sleepers (11), made of concrete, to increase the elasticity of the structure of the upper structure of the railway track (12), to ensure the dispersion of vibration loads, to reduce the wear level of railway sleepers (11), and also to prevent the destruction of crushed stone and subsidence ballast cushion (9). The sleeper lining can be installed both on the entire area of the base of the railway sleeper (11), and partially, on separate sections of this base. Also, the use of sleeper pads helps to reduce the overall noise level caused by vibration in steel and concrete structures during the passage of the train.

At the moment of movement of the wheels of the railway train along the section of the track equipped with such linings, increased loads and vibrations occur, especially when passing the rail joints (10). These loads through the concrete monolith of the sleeper and the lining material are transferred to the crushed stone of the ballast pad (9). As a result of damping in the elastic material of the lining, these loads are significantly weakened and dissipated, and the wavy polymer threads (3) embedded with depressions (4) into the elastic layer (1) and peaks (5) into the concrete layer (8) of the sleeper do not allow transverse shift this sleeper.

To prevent excessive indentation of the sharp corners of the crushed stone of the ballast cushion (9) into the elastic layer (1) of the lining and its damage from increased load, especially when passing loaded cars, a denser support layer (7) is additionally made. In addition, the depressions of the wave-like polymer thread (1) made of monofilament act as a reinforcing and reinforcing layer, through which the lower strands (6) pass, further preventing the penetration of crushed stone of the ballast cushion (9) at increased loads. These two layers, the support layer (7) and formed by the cavities (4) of the thread (3) with the lower strands (6), when working together, are able to restrain high penetrating forces from the pressure of the sharp edges of the crushed stone of the ballast cushion (9), significantly expanding the area of force transfer from the wheels of the train and evenly distributing this load on the neighboring railway sleepers (11). In addition, due to the expansion of the contact patch and the uniform distribution of the load on a larger number of such sleepers, the deflection of the rail track decreases.

When a train passes through sections of the track equipped with turnouts and sharp bends in the track, loads occur that lead to a transverse displacement of the body of the railway sleeper (1) due to the instability of the upper layer of the ballast cushion (9).

Applying a sleeper pad according to the utility model on such sections of the track significantly reduces these displacements due to the use of peculiar hooks formed in the sleeper pads formed by wavy polymer threads (3), transferring shear forces to an elastic material and increasing the contact area between the railway sleeper (11) and the crushed stone of the ballast cushion (9) by embedding the edges of the rubble into the bedding material.

To reduce the amount of moisture entering the elastic layer (1), both from the concrete layer (8) at the production stage, and during transportation, installation and operation of the sleeper, the elastic layer (1) has a closed porous internal structure, and from the side, opposite to the support layer (7), the glossy structure of its surface. Thanks to this solution, the material of the sleeper lining, during its long-term operation, will not lose its elastic properties and will gain high resistance to destruction when operating in conditions of low negative temperatures and aggressive liquids.

This will make it possible to successfully use sleeper pads according to the utility model in a wide range of climatic zones during the operation of the railway track.

Sources of information:

1. Patent DE 102013209495 B4, IPC E01B 3/00, priority 05/22/2013 published 11/27/2014.

2. Patent WO 2008122066 A1, E01B 3/46, priority 04/06/2007 published 10/16/2008.

3. Patent AT 12923 U1, IPC D03D 13/00; E01B 1/00; Е01В 3/46, priority 15.04.2011., published 15.02.2013 / prototype/.

Application

to the application for patenting the utility model "Under sleeper lining"

Claims (8)

1. Sleeper lining containing an elastic layer, in which and above which there is a reinforcing layer, made of rows of wavy polymer threads, embedded with their depressions into the elastic layer and freely located above it with their tops, while rows of strands are passed through the rows of wavy polymer threads, characterized in that the rows of strands are made of polymer monofilament and are oriented in the reinforcing layer in such a way that they are passed through the tops and troughs of the wavy polymer threads, forming with them a monolithic element of the reinforcing layer, and the strands are made of polymer monofilament, the hardness of which is equal to the hardness of the wavy polymer threads , which, like the strands, are made of a polymer whose hardness is higher than the hardness of the polymer from which the elastic layer is made. 2. Lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (L) between adjacent vertices of each wavy polymer thread is not less than 10 mm and not more than 25 mm. 3. Lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (M) between adjacent tops of the wavy polymer threads is not less than 4 mm and not more than 15 mm. 4. Lining according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance (R) between adjacent cavities in wavy polymer threads is not less than 10 mm and not more than 25 mm. 5. Lining according to claim. 1, characterized in that the thickness (s) of the wavy polymer threads and strands is not less than 0.9 mm and not more than 2 mm. 6. Lining according to claim. 1, characterized in that the elastic layer is made in contact with the support layer, which is made of a polymer whose density is higher than the density of the polymer from which the elastic layer is made. 7. Lining according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness (z) of the support layer is not less than 0.1 mm and not more than 3 mm. 8. Lining according to claim. 1, characterized in that the troughs of the wavy polymer threads are embedded with the possibility of the function of strengthening its strength in the elastic layer to a depth (N) of at least 5 mm and not more than 10 mm, and the tops of the polymer threads are freely located above the elastic layer at a distance (W) not less than 4 mm and not more than 10 mm.

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