RU2118589C1 - Method for producing wood boards from waste of lumber - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: woodworking industry. SUBSTANCE: lumber waste is utilized to produce bars with their cross-section having the shape of isosceles or scalene triangles or scalene or isosceles trapezium in lateral and longitudinal cross-sections. Then glue emulsion is applied to surfaces of bars to be glued together. Bars are then placed on table of press within limits of side stops in two layers in the form of oncoming wedges alternately with base upwards and downwards at calculated step H between edges of adjacent bars. After that, upper layer of bars is pressure-forced down between bars of lower layer until alignment of planes of adjacent bars. Application of aforesaid method allows for producing wood boards of high commercial quality which are resistant to warping even in conditions of high air humidity. EFFECT: higher quality. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the woodworking industry and can be used in the manufacture of furniture, as well as in wood finishing of residential and industrial premises.

 In the manufacture of wood boards, methods are known for manufacturing a board from wood chips with glue and pressed into boards. Such plates have the following disadvantages: the surfaces of such plates are wide and cannot be used in the manufacture and operation without additional processing, are environmentally unsafe, the plates are deformed during operation even from their own weight, are destroyed by moisture.

 Known methods for the manufacture of plates by gluing from boards or bars of a rectangular shape by squeezing from the side. The disadvantages of this method include the poor use of waste lumber, uneven squeezing of glued surfaces, which reduces the reliability and quality of bonding.

 The technology of the Finnish company Tekma Ing. Is known (see the magazine "Inventor and Rationalizer". N 3, 1997, p. 27, article "Slivers do not fly"), according to which on an automated line of scraps of boards and bars less than a meter long by gluing the ends get boards and bars of the desired length. At the ends before gluing, a slot is made by a mill. Then, a special adhesive emulsion is applied to the slots, and the conveyor feeds them under the press, which presses the ends together so that the slots of one enter the grooves of the others and they stick together in 3-4 seconds.

 In the manufacture of slabs using this technology almost no waste of lumber is used: slices, slabs and small round timber; in addition, when cutting slots and grooves, a significant part of the material goes to chips.

 The closest analogue taken as a prototype is known, it is “A method of manufacturing decorative plates from wood material (see RF patent 2062230, CL B 27 M 3/04, 1996), including sawing along wood fibers and calibrating workpieces, the cross section of which is performed in in the form of an equilateral regular polygon (triangle, square, hexagon), is collected in a packet of at least four and glued into a packet along long longitudinal edges, and the final calibration is carried out by cutting the glued packet in its transverse direction and grinding tsevyh faces.

The disadvantages of the method:
this method is not applicable for the manufacture of plates, the working planes of which are the longitudinal sides of the workpieces, and not the end faces;
the blanks are glued together by simply pressing the faces, residual air bubbles on the surface to be glued and other irregularities and inclusions, leading to a decrease in the quality of bonding, are possible;
uneven pressing of glued surfaces, leading to a decrease in the quality of bonding.

 The purpose of the invention is to improve the bonding quality of the workpieces and increase the possibility of using lumber waste.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, the cross-section of the bars is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, an isosceles trapezoid or an isosceles trapezoid in the transverse and longitudinal sections.

 This significant distinguishing feature makes it possible to produce bars whose cross-sectional dimensions are as close as possible to the sizes of lumber waste. The most economical method of manufacturing bars in the form of an isosceles trapezoid in cross and longitudinal sections, which allows the use of slabs having a significant difference in size at the top and butt.

 Another significant distinguishing feature of the method is that the bars are laid on the lower press plate within the side stops in two layers in the form of oncoming wedges alternately down and up with the base of a triangle (trapezoid) with a calculated step H between the faces of adjacent bars and press the upper layer of the bars between the bars the lower layer by the value of H until the alignment of the planes of the faces of adjacent bars.

 This significant feature of the method allows using the wedging of the bars with each other to create uniform pressure on all glued planes both in the center of the plate and on the periphery.

 Another positive effect of the "wedge" is that the glued surfaces are not only squeezed together, but also are shifted relative to each other, while air bubbles and other foreign particles (for example, chips) are removed from the glued surfaces, and the surfaces are rubbed tightly against each other . As a result of this effect, the uniformity and quality of bonding surfaces sharply increases.

 The listed essential and distinctive features, together with the known ones, allow us to achieve the goal - to improve the quality of gluing of workpieces and increase the possibility of using lumber waste in the form of cuts, croakers and small round timber for the manufacture of plates with a simultaneous increase in their consumer quality, eliminating deformation (warping) during operation of the finished products in high humidity.

The drawings show:
FIG. 1 - a method of laying bars before pressing, having the shape of a triangle;
figure 2 is a view of the finished plate after gluing;
FIG. 3 - a method of laying bars having the shape of an isosceles trapezoid in cross and longitudinal sections;
FIG. 4 is a method of stacking bars having various shapes and sizes.

 For the manufacture of wooden plates used 1 - bar with a cross section in the form of an isosceles trapezoid; 2 - a bar having longitudinal and transverse sections in the form of an isosceles trapezoid; 3 - a bar having a cross section in the form of an isosceles (equilateral) triangle; 4 - adhesive emulsion (hot melt adhesive in the form of a micron film); 5 - upper and lower plates of the press; 6 - side stops.

 The production of bars 1, 2, 3 can be performed on universal and special woodworking machines using a circular or band saw, milling cutters and calibration knives. For the manufacture of whetstones, lumber waste is used in the form of cuts, slabs and small round logs, and the bevel angle of the log can be selected taking into account the direction of the bevel angle of the workpiece (slice, croaker, round log) and taking into account the maximum use of the workpiece.

 The method of applying the adhesive emulsion 4 is not limited, and hot melt adhesive in the form of a microfilm can also be used as an adhesive.

 Before pressing, the bars are laid on the press plate 5 with the base of the bar within the stops 6 of the width of the plate. Triangular bars 3 are stacked tightly to each other with a slight overlap of the vertices of the base (figure 1). The bars in the form of a trapezoid are laid on a plate with a base with a gap between them less than the size of the upper part of the base of the trapezoid (Fig. 3).

 Bars having a transverse and longitudinal section in the form of a trapezoid are laid on the press plate with a butt in one direction and a vertex in the other, and the gap between the bars at the butt is less than the size of the corresponding part of the top of the bar, and the distance between the bars at the top is less than the size of the corresponding part of the butt of the bar (figure 3).

 The second layer of bars is laid on the first layer of bars with the base up.

 The bars, having the appearance of a trapezoid in a longitudinal section, are laid in the second layer by knots of bars on the tops of the bars of the first row.

 When laying the second row of bars, the calculated step H between the stacking height of the first and second layers of the bars should be provided. The magnitude of the step H depends on the type of wood and the bevel angle of the bars.

 After laying the bars lower the upper plate 5 of the press, the upper layer of the bars is pressed between the bars of the lower layer until the base planes of the upper row of bars are aligned. In this case, the upper layer of bars wedges the lower layer with a pressing force, and the glued surfaces are shifted relative to each other, air bubbles are rubbed and squeezed out.

 In the case of the use of hot melt glue in the form of a microfilm, the plate is heated simultaneously with pressing.

 The described method of manufacturing plates provides uniform pressing of the surfaces to be bonded both in the center and on the periphery, which provides high-quality and reliable bonding, and also eliminates deformation (warping) when using products in high humidity.

Claims (1)

 A method of manufacturing wooden plates from lumber waste in the form of cuts of croakers and small rounds, including cutting and sawing from billets of the bars, their calibration, a set of bars according to the wood texture, stacking them in a bundle with one-side comel or alternating butt and top and gluing, different the fact that the cross section of the bars is made in the form of an isosceles triangle, an isosceles trapezoid or an isosceles trapezoid in cross and longitudinal section, the bars are laid on the lower press plate within the sides x abutments in two layers in the form of counter wedges alternately upward and downward triangle base (trapezium) with the calculated H shoulder between the edges of adjacent bars and pressed into the upper layer of bars between bars of the lower layer by the value N to alignment planes of the faces of adjacent bars.

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