RU2116015C1 - Method for obtaining red clover seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, seed growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves providing first mowing in succession during vegetative stage at intervals of 7-10 days; successively harvesting mature second mowing seeds during four periods and mixing seeds to obtain biomechanical mixture. EFFECT: increased efficiency in harvesting seeds, increased yield, stabilized production of seeds and improved ecological stability. 1 tbl, 4 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to crop production, and can be used when exposed to clover seeds.

 A known method of producing seeds, in which the first mowing of clover on the green mass is carried out in the budding-flowering phase, and the second is left on the seeds [1].

 The closest technical solution is the method of obtaining seeds from the second mowing by converting continuous sowing in wide row [2].

 In the prototype method, the flowering grass stand is mowed in the first cut of the second year of plant life in one period (the beginning of flowering). The second mowing, made up of seeds, blooms in the same period. Getting into adverse climatic conditions (an abundance of rainfall and high air humidity), flowering grass lays, is not pollinated enough by bees. As a result, the crop varies over the years, depending on weather conditions, the quantity and quality of seeds in wet years does not exceed 0.5 c / ha. Seeds in the wet period are more susceptible to disease. Many varieties of clover are environmentally unstable in certain areas and do not produce seeds at sudden temperature changes during flowering. In this regard, environmental sustainability and the overall fitness of the variety are sharply reduced.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and environmental sustainability, stable seed production.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that seed grass is formed from plots mowed at different vegetation times, starting from mowing ripeness and ending with the full flowering phase with intervals of the first mowing of 7-10 days, and the ripened seeds of the second mowing are harvested alternately in four periods separately, combining them into a common biomechanical mixture.

 The method is as follows.

 In the mowing ripeness of the grass stand (stem phase, when the clover plants reach a height of 20 - 25 cm), the green mass is mowed. With early mowing, the mass is still inferior in volume, but surpasses other later mowings in quality. Young shoots contain significantly more carotene, protein and less fiber. In terms of feed units, this mass is not inferior to later mowing. Productivity is more than 50 c / ha of dry matter. After 7 - 10 days, the next strip is mowed, but already in the budding phase. Plant height reaches more than 40 cm with a yield of 60 - 75 kg / ha of dry matter.

 Then after 7 days carry out the mowing of another site in the phase of the onset of flowering. The next 7 to 10 days remove the first mowing of the last lane in the full bloom phase.

 Thus, the first mowing is carried out in 4 periods lasting 21-30 days. The second mowing also begins to bloom at different times and the seeds also ripen in different periods of a whole month of vegetation. Each successively mowed plot, falling into different weather conditions, is exposed to different temperatures, diseases, pests, soil moisture, drought, heat, etc.

 Tested or cultivated varieties adapted to form seeds at lower or higher temperatures have different flowering periods. Different clover pollinators work depending on weather conditions. If the first section (stem phase) falls into adverse conditions, then the second (budding phase) can form full-fledged seeds. With the formation of hollow seeds from the third section (the phase of the onset of flowering) during the period of precipitation of more than 100 mm, full seeds can be obtained on the 4th plot (the phase of full flowering).

 Harvesting of ripened seeds is also carried out alternately, combining all the seeds in a biomechanical mixture, and samples are exposed to various environmental conditions, since the maturation of the seeds took place in contrasting climatic conditions.

 If you mow alternately in the 2nd phase (budding and the beginning of flowering, that is, with the complete development of the fodder mass), the seeds ripen at a small interval (7-10 days) and the plants fall under the same weather conditions.

 In the proposed method, the development cycle stretches from May 20 to June 16, i.e. 28 days. During this period, the temperature regime of soil and air can reach both a maximum and a minimum of the summer season. In May and early June, sharp drops in temperature are sometimes observed. Flowering and seed formation occur between July 20 and August 18.

 Example 1. On the grass stand of the 2nd year of life with an area of 10 hectares, the green mass of the 1st mowing was cut on 20.05 in the stalking phase on a 2.5 ha site. The height of the plants is 20 - 25 cm. After harvesting the green mass, the grass stand was thinned out. Seeds were harvested on July 20.

 Example 2. In the spring, clover was sown under the cover of oats. The following year, green mass was mown in the budding phase of May 27 (2.5 ha area). The plot was thinned out with a conventional cultivator, forming a wide-row sowing. When seeds were ripened (browning 75 - 80% of the heads), harvesting was carried out on July 28.

 Example 3. The third part of the seed grass stand (2.5 ha) was harvested in the phase of the beginning of flowering on June 6. The second cut after thinning was left on the seeds. Cleaning was carried out on August 5.

 Example 4. The remaining area of 2.5 ha was harvested on green forage on June 16. Seeds were harvested on August 18.

 These results are summarized in the table.

 Such a consistent harvesting cycle allows you to get fresh fodder mass on livestock farms, increase seed yield, get environmentally plastic seeds and improve their qualities.

Claims (1)

 A method of producing meadow clover seeds, including mowing the first mowing, the formation of wide-row sowing, characterized in that the seed herbage is formed from plots mowed at different vegetation times, starting from mowing ripeness and ending with the full flowering phase, with intervals of the first mowing 7-10 days, and the ripened seeds of the second mowing are harvested alternately in 4 doses, combining them into a common biomechanical mixture.

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