RU2114163C1 - Fish fat production method and line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish industry, in particular, production of fish fat from fish liver. SUBSTANCE: method involves crushing Alaska pollack liver; introducing water in an amount of 10-20% by weight of liver; introducing fish farce as coagulant in an amount of 5-20% by weight of liver; performing thermal processing combined with mixing with following separation of fat. Fish fat production line has ejector, hydraulic cyclone, netted water separating conveyor, liver collector, pump, fat melting device with mixer, accumulator, emulsion and fat pumps, separating centrifuge, fat settler, buffer vessel, filter or separator and fat tank. EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced labor intensity and increased fat yield. 3 cl, 2 dwg , 3 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the fishing industry and can be used to obtain fish oil.

A known method of producing fish oil (Collection of technological instructions for processing fish, VNIRO, vol. II-M .: Kolos, 1994, S. 472-478), in accordance with which fresh or frozen liver of cod species of fish is used as raw material. Getting fat is carried out in two stages. In the first stage, the liver is heated with hot steam to 60-70 ^o C, continuously mixing with a stirrer. The liver is warmed up gradually, increasing the vapor pressure from 1.5 to 2.5 kgf / cm ² (0.15-0.25 MPa), preventing the formation of lumps of the "brewed" liver for 40-70 minutes. At the second stage, the fat is heated. Having stopped mixing and hermetically closing the neck of the fuel boiler, increase the steam supply to the boiler to 1.5-2.5 kgf / cm ² (0.15-0.25 MPa) and at 60-70 ^o C they carry out the heating for 15-40 min Next, the fat is defended and filtered. From the remaining hepatic mass re-melt the fat, which goes to obtain veterinary fat.

The fat after the first flushing is cleaned on grease separators, heated to 85-95 ^o C and mixed with fresh water (5: 1) is re-fed to the separator. Then the fat is cooled to 0 ^o C with stirring to precipitate solid for glycerides and filtered through belting under pressure up to 10 kgf / cm ² (1 MPa).

There is a method of melting fat from the liver of fish (ed. St. N 1482935, MKI ⁴ C 11 B 1/12), according to which, in order to increase the yield of fat and improve its quality, the liver is crushed to particle sizes of 1-3 mm, heated and melt fat with constant stirring at 50-70 ^o C.

The closest in technical essence is the method of obtaining fish oil (ed. St. USSR N 1414863, MKI ⁴ C 11 B 1/14), according to which the liver and the entrails of fish are used as raw materials. The raw materials are crushed, heated to 80 ^o C, kept at this temperature for 30 minutes, then as a substance that increases the yield of fat by more complete release of fat from the cell, a 30% urea solution is introduced, at the rate of 2.5% the mass of raw materials, the mixture is insisted for 1 hour and centrifuged to obtain fish oil, protein paste and protein emulsion.

 The line includes raw liver feed pumps, raw liver buffer tanks, raw liver feed pumps to the grease trap (coagulator), grease trap, rotary brush sieve, separation centrifuge (decanter), buffer tank pumps, buffer tanks (sedimentation tanks), pumps to a device for fine purification of fat and a device for fine purification of fat (self-discharging separating separator).

 The disadvantage of this line is the lack of mechanized selection of the liver.

 The problem solved by the invention is to reduce the complexity of fat production by mechanizing the selection of the liver and increasing the yield of fat by improving the separation of fat after reflux.

 Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of an experimental industrial line mounted on the BMDT "Borodino", on which the operating conditions are worked out and medical treatment and prophylactic fat is obtained, corresponding to TU 9221-089-00472012-96; figure 2 - diagram of a hydrocyclone.

 The line consists of a water ejector 1, a hydrocyclone 2, a mesh conveyor 3, a liver collector (buffer tank) 4, a pump 5, a grease pump 6 equipped with a stirrer, a reservoir (buffer tank) 7, a pump 8 for uniform emulsion supply, a separation centrifuge (decanter ) 9, a sump (buffer tank) 10, a pump 11, a suction filter, the working cavity of which is connected to a vacuum system (or separator) 12, a tank for collecting fat 13.

 The hydrocyclone consists of a cylindrical body 14 and includes a water collector 15 with tangentially located nozzles 16; valve periodic discharge separated from the liver viscera 17; driven by a rod 18 through a cam 19 and a roller 20 by means of a worm gear 21 and an electric motor 22. A pipe 23 serves to withdraw the liver from the cyclone.

 The line is as follows.

 The entrails (after selecting eggs from them) obtained during the cutting of fish are fed to a water ejector 1, where, under the influence of water pressure, the bonds of their components are destroyed, and sent to a hydrocyclone 2.

 In a hydrocyclone, thanks to the tangentially located nozzles, a rotation of the water mass is created, while the lighter liver is concentrated in the inner part of the cyclone and, as the liver accumulates, it is displaced from the cyclone through the pipe 23, the heavier internals are concentrated around the periphery of the cyclone, lowered into its lower part and using the valve 17 are periodically discharged into a fish processing plant. The valve is opened using the cam 19 and the roller 20, and the reset frequency is set by the electric motor 20 and the gearbox 21.

 The liver displaced from the cyclone is fed to the mesh conveyor 3 for inspection for foreign matter and moisture separation and is accumulated in the collection 4.

As necessary, the liver in predetermined quantities by means of a pump 5 is loaded into the grease-filling device 6. At the same time, fresh water and minced fish (coagulate) are supplied to the grease-feeding device in a ratio of 5-20% by weight of the liver. The mass loaded into the fat-burning device (coagulator) 6 for 10-60 minutes with vigorous stirring with a stirrer is subjected to heat treatment at a temperature in the outside space of 105-110 ^o C.

 The resulting water-protein-fat suspension is discharged into the accumulator 7 and pumped uniformly by a pump 8 to a centrifuge (decanter) 9. From the centrifuge, the fat enters the sump 10, from which the pump 11 is fed to the suction filters or separator 12. The finished purified fat is sent to the tank 13 .

 In the table. 1 shows the output of the liver from the entrails of pollock after manual and hydromechanical separation.

 As follows from the data in Table 1, when manually sampling the liver from the gut of pollock, their yield is 25-28% of the mass of the guts.

 After directing the viscera to the cyclone, the output of the liver is 16-18%. After passing the viscera through the ejector and the cyclone (Fig. 2), the liver yield is 22-24%, i.e., approaching the output with manual sampling of the liver, while the process of separation of the liver is fully mechanized.

The essence of the method for the production of fish oil is that the liver is crushed, mixed with water and minced fish (coagulant) in the ratio of 5-20% by weight of the liver, fed to the gryotope device and subjected to continuous heat treatment for 10-60 minutes at the temperature in the outside space of the reactor from 105 to 110 ^o C.

 The resulting water-protein-fat emulsion is fed through the drive to a separation centrifuge, after which the fat is pumped to the device for fine cleaning of fat through a sedimentation tank and then to the collector.

 New in the method is the introduction of minced fish at the stage of melting fat as a substance that contributes to an increase in fat yield.

 The introduction of minced meat (chopped whole fish) helps to reduce the stickiness of graks, as well as to increase the difference between the specific gravities of graks and fat, which contributes to better separation of fat on centrifuge machines.

 The test results of the processes of flooding and separation of fat from pollock liver are given in table 2.

 As follows from the data in Table 2, in the event of fat flooding without the introduction of water, the separation centrifuge (super decanter) is clogged with graks and the separation of fat stops.

 The maximum separation of fat 95% of its initial content in the liver occurs when 12% minced meat and 15% water are added to the heated liver (example 4), a decrease in the amount of minced meat added to 5% and an increase to 20% leads to a significant decrease in fat yield (by examples 3 and 5).

 Example 1. 150 g of liver from a liver collection with a fat content of 44% and water of 45% are fed into a grease-filling device where 18 kg (12% of the liver weight) of fish pollock minced from whole gutted fish and 22 kg (15%) are introduced. by weight of the liver) water, heated with constant stirring for 40 minutes After the end of the heat treatment, the boiled liver is fed to a continuous three-fraction separation centrifuge.

 After centrifugation, 62 kg of fat separated, which is 95% of its content in the liver. Grax is light, not sticky.

 The resulting fat is light yellow with the taste and smell of fresh fish oil.

Fat Indicators:
eicosopentaenoic acid (20: 5 omega 3) - 12.8% of the amount of J.K.

 decosopentaenoic acid (22: 6 omega 3) - 6.1% of the amount of J.K.

Vitamin A - 1385 ± 55 IU / g
As criteria for the safety of fat, we studied a set of indicators provided for by the "Medical and Biological Requirements and Sanitary Standards for the Quality of Food Raw Materials and Food Products" MZ 50-61.89 under Section 7.1 "Fat Products".

 In view of the proposed use of pollock liver fat for medicinal purposes and data on pollution of the oceans, product safety control is strengthened by data on the content of polychlorinated biphenyls as an indicator of global water pollution.

 The data for determining the complex of these indicators are given in table.3.

 Data on the content of toxic elements and pesticides give reason to believe that environmentally friendly raw materials were used to obtain fat.

 The resulting fat complies with the requirements of TU 9281-082-00472012-96 "Treatment-preventative fat from pollock liver."

 Example 2. 150 kg of liver (fat content 44%, water 45%), 30 kg of minced meat and 22 kg of water are placed in a grease trap, heated and centrifuged according to the conditions of example 1. After centrifugation of the whole mass, 61 kg of fat separated, which is 92% from its initial content in the liver. Characteristics of fat are similar to those in example 1.

 Example 3. 150 kg of liver (fat content 50%, water 37%), 8 kg of edible minced fish and 22 kg of water were placed in a fat-burning device, heated and centrifuged under the conditions of Example 1. 63 kg of fat was obtained (84% of its initial content in the liver) with characteristics similar to those shown in example 1.

 Example 4. 150 kg of liver (fat content 44%, water 45%) are placed in a grease-filling device, 22 kg of water are added and minced fish is not introduced.

 The process of obtaining fat is carried out under the conditions of example 1. Separated 50 kg of fat (76% of its initial content in the liver).

 Grax is black, sticky, viscous. The resulting fat has the characteristics as in example 1.1

Claims (3)

 1. A method of producing fish oil from the liver of fish, including grinding raw materials, the introduction of an agent that helps to increase the yield of fat, the reflux and separation of fat, characterized in that as an agent that helps to increase the yield of fat, minced fish is introduced in an amount of 5 to 20% mass of the liver.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the mixture of liver and minced fish is injected with water in an amount of 10 to 20% by weight of the liver.  3. A line for producing hepatic fish oil, including storage tanks for raw liver, a pump, a grease separator, a separation centrifuge (decanter), a fat settler, a pump and a device for fine cleaning of fat, characterized in that an ejector is installed in front of the raw liver, hydrocyclone and mesh conveyor connected by a piping system.

Images