RU2107327C1 - Education method and signal pattern for its implementation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: foreign language teaching, by means of cassettes, vinyl plates and compact disks. SUBSTANCE: method involves recording signals of at least two groups of speech messages on two channels of magnetic carrier and playing back message by means of conversion of signals under reading into two acoustic signals which correspond to left and right ears of student and listening to these signals. Signals of one group of speech messages are recorded in first channel with nominal level and to second channel with -15 dB level with respect to level of first channel. Acoustic signals are listened in two stages. During first stage both signals under reading are converted into different acoustic signals. Signal pattern for education has information carrier which has pieces which are located along its direction movement and carry at least two groups of speech messages in two channels. Pieces which contain one group of speech messages signals in one channel are stored at nominal level, while in second channel their level is -15 dB with respect to level of first channel. EFFECT: increased functional capabilities. 5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to teaching and can find application mainly in teaching foreign languages with the help of language audio cassettes, phonograph records or optical discs.

 A known method of learning is described in German patent application N 4009103, class. G 09 B 5/04, 1991.

 This training method is carried out by recording voice message signals on two channels, playing back recorded voice message signals and converting them into left and right acoustic signals.

 This method of training does not allow the student to disconnect individual fragments (“close” part of the information) while playing and listening to information in real time, and during the pause to repeat the text after the speaker or pronounce the text instead of one of the speakers, because there are no operations recording signals of one of the voice messages on one of the channels with a recording level below the recording level of these signals on the second channel, turning off the reproduced signal of the first channel at the second stage of training and converting Creating the reproduced signal of the second channel in the left and right acoustic signals. This reduces the effectiveness of training.

 The method of teaching foreign languages by recording alternating voice messages on two channels with the subsequent reproduction of voice message signals and converting them into left and right acoustic signals is widely known. In intensive courses, for example, Ignatova T.N. English. Intensive Course-M. : High School, 1992, p. 8-21, for accelerated learning, the alternation of phrases in foreign and native languages is recorded (translation).

 However, this method does not allow, when listening to successively text in foreign and native languages in real time, to turn off the speaker signal in the native language and during the pause to repeat the text in the foreign language, since there are no operations for recording signals of one of the groups of voice messages one at a time from channels with a recording level below the recording level of these signals on the second channel, turning off the reproduced signal of the first channel at the second stage of training and converting the reproduced signal of the second channel to the left and right acoustic signals.

 The signalogram for teaching foreign languages is widely known, containing a storage medium with alternating sections located along the direction of its movement with recording on two signal channels of two or more groups of voice messages. In intensive courses, for example, Ignatova T.N. English. Intensive course. - M.: Higher School, 1992, p. 8-21, for accelerated learning, individual words, phrases, sentences are written sequentially in foreign and native languages.

 Such signalograms do not allow the student, when playing and listening in real time, to disconnect individual fragments (“close” part of the information) due to the lack of signal recorded in one of the groups of voice messages on one of the channels with a recording level lower than the other channel . This reduces the effectiveness of training.

 Closest to the technical nature of the proposed signal is a signal described in German application laid out N 4009103, CL G 09 B 5/04, G 11 B 20/04, publ. 1991.

 This signalogram contains a storage medium with alternating sections located along the direction of its movement with recording of two or more groups of voice messages along two channels of signals.

 Due to the lack of differences between the recording levels of signals on two channels in areas with recording one of the groups of voice messages, such a signalogram does not allow disconnecting some fragments of voice information when listening to it in real time. It is impossible, for example, to promptly turn off the acoustic signal of one of the speakers, pronounce the text instead of that speaker, and when listening to successively the text in foreign and native languages, turn off the signal of the speaker in the native language and during the received pause repeat the text in the foreign language. This reduces the effectiveness of training.

 The objective of the invention is the creation of such a learning method in which the introduction of new signal processing operations would allow, when listening to phonograms in real time, to quickly disconnect part of speech information that is not needed for a student at a certain stage of training, for example, text in his native language (translation), but in time received pause to pronounce the text after the announcer in the language of instruction.

 The solution of this problem for a learning method by recording on a storage medium through two channels of signals of two or more speech messages, for example, texts in a language of instruction and their translation into a native language, with subsequent reproduction of speech message signals, converting the reproduced signals to left and right acoustic signals, corresponding to the left and right ears of the student, and listening to these signals is achieved by the fact that the signals of one of the groups of voice messages are recorded on the first channel with a level close to n nominal, and on the second channel - with a level of minus 15 dB or lower relative to the level of the first channel, while listening to acoustic signals is carried out in two stages, at the first stage both reproduced signals are converted into different acoustic signals, at the second stage, the reproduced signal of the first channel is turned off, and the reproduced signal of the second channel is simultaneously converted to both acoustic signals.

 Additionally, the solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the signal level of one of the groups of voice messages on the second channel is recorded with a level equal to zero.

 Additionally, the solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the signals of one of the groups of voice messages are recorded with a level of minus 15 dB or less relative to the other channel on the channel corresponding to the left ear.

 For a signalogram recorded by the proposed method, the task is to create a signalogram in which different levels of recording signals on different channels of sections with recording one of the groups of voice messages would suppress information that is not needed at a certain stage of training when listening to recorded voice information.

 The solution to this problem is for a training signalogram containing a storage medium with alternating sections located along the direction of its movement with recording of two or more voice messages along two channels of signals, achieved in that, in areas with recording one of the groups of voice messages, signals on one channel are recorded from level close to the nominal, and on the second channel - with a level of minus 15 dB or lower relative to the level of the first channel.

 Additionally, the solution of this problem for the signalogram is achieved by the fact that the level of signals recorded on the second channel of the section with recording of one of the groups of voice messages is equal to zero.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary view of reproduced signals, one of which (top 1 in figure 1) is converted into a left acoustic signal, and the second into a right acoustic signal, where a and b are voice message signals (signals with basic information), recorded with a recording level close to the nominal; c and d - signals of one of the groups of voice messages (signals with additional information). In this case, the signal in is recorded with a recording level close to the nominal, and the signal r with a recording level below the recording level of the signal in;
In FIG. Figure 2 shows the signals a and d, which are simultaneously converted into left and right acoustic signals.

 In FIG. 3 shows an exemplary structural diagram of a device implementing the process of recording information according to the proposed method (embodiment), where 1 is a power bus; 2 and 3 - keys; 4 - RS-trigger; 5 - microphone; 6 - amplifier; 7 - attenuator; 8 - switch; 9 - recording tape recorder.

 In this case, the power bus 1 through the keys 2 and 3 is connected to different inputs of the RS-trigger 4. The microphone 5 through series-connected amplifiers 6, the attenuator 7 and the switch 8 is connected to the input of the tape recorder 9. The second input of the switch 8 is connected to the output of the amplifier 6. RS output -trigger 4 is connected to the control input of switch 8.

 Figure 4 shows an exemplary structural diagram of a device for listening to phonograms recorded by the proposed method (embodiment), where 10-reproducing tape recorder; 11-switch; 12-unit load, such as headphones.

 In this case, one of the outputs of the tape recorder 10 is connected to the input of the load unit 12 through the switch 11. The second output of the tape recorder 10 is connected to the other input of the load unit 12 and to the second input of the switch 11.

 Figure 5 shows an exemplary view of a waveform recorded by the proposed method, where d is a storage medium, such as magnetic tape; f and g - tracks of the first and second channels in areas with voice messages with basic information with levels recorded on different channels of signals close to the nominal; h and and - tracks of the first and second channels with signals recorded on them from one of the groups of voice messages (with auxiliary information) with a level close to the nominal one and with a level of minus 15 dB and lower, respectively.

 According to the proposed method, the sequence of voice messages of one or more speakers with the main and auxiliary information, for example, texts in the language of instruction (foreign language) and native language (translation), is recorded on the information carrier. Each voice message can contain one or more words, phrases, sentences or passages of text.

 Basic information is recorded on two channels with a level close to the nominal recording level.

 Due to the fact that in the process of learning in a foreign language fatigue occurs and the material is worse remembered, the main information before recording can be processed taking into account the psychoacoustic properties of the human hearing, including different ways for the left and right ear. For example, a different frequency correction of signals is performed.

 Auxiliary information, for example, text in the native language (translation), is recorded on one channel with a level close to the nominal (with a nominal recording level), and on the second channel with a lower level, for example minus 15 - 40 dB.

 When playing phonograms recorded in this way, two different signals are generated (Fig. 1), which are converted into different acoustic signals at the first stage of training. Thus, at the first stage of training, the main signal is listened to by the left and right ear with approximately the same volume, and the auxiliary signal is listened by one ear at a normal volume, and the second ear is listened at a low volume. Since the phonetic center in the vast majority of people is located in the left hemisphere of the brain, it is advisable to record an auxiliary signal with a nominal recording level through the channel corresponding to the right ear. Changing the direction to the sound source while listening to the auxiliary signal further reduces fatigue during prolonged listening.

 At the first stage of the lesson, the student listens several times to texts in a foreign language and their translation. The alternation of texts in the language of instruction and in the native language is used in a number of well-known language courses and is especially convenient when listening to phonograms in situations where the use of a textbook is difficult, for example, in the kitchen, in transport, etc.

 As you learn the lesson material (after several auditions) listening to the text in your native language (translation) loses its meaning.

 At the second stage of the lesson, only the reproduced signal with the low level signal r is used (Fig. 2). When listening to this signal with both ears at the same time, signal a is heard at normal volume, and signal r at low volume. Therefore, the student in the second stage can repeat the text in the language of instruction after the announcer. The low volume of the auxiliary signal does not interfere with the process of pronouncing the text, and if necessary, the student can listen to the auxiliary signal with a low volume ("hint" mode). It was experimentally established that the difference in the levels of auxiliary signals on different channels should be more than 15 dB. As a special case, the recording level of the signal r can be equal to zero. Then, when listening to the phonogram in the second stage, the auxiliary signal will not be listened (for example, during digital recording) or will be listened at a low level due to the penetration of the signal from the adjacent channel (for example, during mechanical recording or magnetic recording with magnetization).

 A device for recording phonograms that implements the proposed method (Fig. 3), works as follows.

 The operator (sound engineer) listens to the information, simultaneously controls it according to the book and at the beginning of each voice message (at the end of the previous voice message) presses the buttons of one of the keys 2 or 3 corresponding to one or another group of voice messages (speaker). Speakers themselves can also control the operation of the device during the recording process. At the same time, each of the announcers always presses the same button before pronouncing his text. When the keys of keys 2 and 3 are pressed, the state of the RS-trigger 4 changes, which controls the operation of the switch 8. At one of the inputs of the tape recorder 9, the signal from the microphone 5 goes directly through the amplifier 6, and to the second through the attenuator 7, with which you can reduce signal strength.

 A device for listening to phonograms that implements the proposed method, works as follows.

 At the first stage of training, the signals from the outputs of the tape recorder 10 are fed to different inputs of the load unit 12. At the second stage of training, using the switch 11, both inputs of the load unit 12 are connected to one of the outputs of the tape recorder 10.

 The signalogram for implementing the training method, an embodiment of which is shown in FIG. 5, can be recorded on other information carriers (for example, mechanical or optical) in various ways.

 The proposed method of training and the signalogram for its implementation allow you to change existing methods and increase the efficiency of the process of teaching foreign languages.

 At the first stage of training, the student listens to phonograms with successive texts in a foreign (language of instruction) and mother tongue. Each lesson can contain several parts, for example, new words spoken first by one speaker in a foreign language and then by another speaker in a native language. Other parts of the lesson-sentences, expressions, texts, questions and answers, dialogs (in a foreign and native language or only in a foreign language) are recorded and then listened in a similar way. (Thus, for example, the methodology of intensive language courses according to the method of Ilona Davydova was constructed).

 At the second stage of training, the student may not listen to the text, for example, in his native language (translation) and during the pause received, following the speaker, pronounce the text in a foreign language. In the process of memorizing words, you can "close" a text in a foreign language. In those parts of the lesson where dialogs, questions and answers are written, read by different broadcasters in a foreign language, you can "close" the text of any of the broadcasters (by choice) and instead, the broadcaster conduct dialogue with others in real time.

 The present invention allows to activate and significantly accelerate the learning process.

 Currently, the proposed method is preparing production for the production of audio cassettes with recording intensive language classes in English and German for adults and in English for children, as well as consoles for a tape recorder to play these audio cassettes.

Claims (5)

 1. A learning method by recording on an information carrier through two channels of signals of two or more groups of voice messages, for example, texts in the language of instruction and their translation into the native language, with subsequent reproduction of the signals of voice messages, converting the reproduced signals to two different acoustic signals corresponding to the left and the right ear of the learner, and listening to these signals, characterized in that the signals of one of the groups of voice messages are recorded on the first channel with a level close to the nominal, in one channel - with a level of minus 15 dB or lower relative to the level of the first channel, while listening to acoustic signals is carried out in two stages, at the first stage both reproduced signals are converted into different acoustic signals, at the second stage, the reproduced signal of the first channel is turned off, and the reproduced signal of the second The channel is simultaneously converted to both acoustic signals.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal level of one of the groups of voice messages on the second channel is recorded with a level equal to zero.  3. The method according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the signals of one of the groups of voice messages are recorded with a level of minus 15 dB or less relative to the other channel on the channel corresponding to the left ear.  4. Signalogram for training, containing a data carrier with alternating sections located along the direction of its movement with recording on two channels of signals of two or more groups of voice messages, characterized in that in areas with recording one of the groups of voice messages, signals on one channel are recorded with a level close to the nominal, and on the second channel - with a level of minus 15 dB or lower relative to the level of the first channel.  5. The signalogram according to claim 4, characterized in that the level of the signals recorded on the second channel of the section with the recording of one of the groups of voice messages is zero.

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