RU210626U1 - CONTROL CABLE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to cable technology, namely to cables designed to transmit electrical control and monitoring signals with AC voltage up to 500 V (up to 750 V DC) or 660 V (1000 V DC) frequency in accordance with GOST 18404. The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is the need to develop a reliable control cable with enhanced protection against internal and external damage under conditions of intense dynamic loads. The technical result is achieved by the fact that the control and monitoring cable contains conductive cores made of copper or tinned copper wires with core insulation made of polymer material, twisted in pairs, or triples, or quadruples, and then into a common twist, a separating layer, a common screen and an outer sheath, at the same time, a separating layer with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm is applied by extrusion and is made of a polymer material compatible with insulation and shell materials, and is characterized by a tensile strength of at least 4 N/mm2, an elongation at break of at least 50%, and an oxygen index of at least less than 30. In addition, in the case of manufacturing a fire-resistant cable of the “FR” version, a layer in the form of a winding of two mica-containing tapes can be applied over the conductive cores. The control cable can be made with individual screens over insulated cores twisted in pairs, triples, quadruples of tinned copper wires or foil composite material, or a combined screen of foil composite material and braid of tinned copper wires, while under the screen and / or over screen, a layer of synthetic tape can be applied, and an individual inner sheath made of polymeric materials corresponding to the materials of the outer sheath can additionally be applied over the shielded core, pair, triple, quadruple. If additional sealing of the cable is required, a layer of water-blocking tape can be applied over the general twist. In the case of a large diameter conductor, a winding of synthetic tapes can be applied over the general twist in order to ensure a round shape of the conductor. A common screen of tinned copper wires or a foil composite material, or a foil composite material and a braid of tinned copper wires is superimposed over the common twist and separating layer, and a layer in the form of a winding with a film of synthetic material is superimposed over the shield of tinned copper wires. An inner sheath made of materials corresponding to the materials of the insulation and the outer sheath can be superimposed over the common screen or film winding. And on top of the inner shell for additional protection against external mechanical damage, armor made of galvanized steel wires is applied. In this case, the insulation can be made either from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, or from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard, or polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard with low toxicity of combustion products, or from cross-linked polyethylene, or from organosilicon silicone rubber, or from a polymer composition that does not contain halogens, and the outer sheath is made of either low flammability PVC, or low fire hazard PVC, or low fire hazard PVC with low toxicity of combustion products, or a halogen-free polymer composition.

Description

The utility model relates to cable technology, namely to cables designed to transmit electrical control and monitoring signals with AC voltage up to 500 V (up to 750 V DC) or 660 V (1000 V DC) with a frequency in accordance with GOST 18404.

Known control cable containing insulated stranded conductors, twisted concentric layers, individual screens for insulated stranded conductors, made in the form of a braid of copper or tinned copper wires, belt insulation of polyethylene terephthalate film, superimposed on top of a common twist of shielded conductors, and outer a sheath made of a polymeric material, characterized in that over the belt insulation it additionally contains a common screen made in the form of a braid of copper or tinned copper wires with a diameter of not more than 0.30 mm, and a polyethylene terephthalate film is applied over the common screen under the outer sheath, with each the individual screen is made of wires with a diameter of 0.12-0.20 mm, and the surface density coefficient of the total screen and each individual screen is at least 65%, in addition, a winding is additionally applied over the stranded conductors under the insulation from heat-resistant mica-containing tapes with a thickness of at least 0.12 mm, and the insulation of multi-wire conductive cores and the outer sheath of the cable are made of a fire-resistant polymer composition (Patent RU No. 1444867, IPC H01V 7/295, published on September 10, 2014).

The features of the known cable, coinciding with the features of the claimed utility model, consist in making a cable that includes insulated stranded conductive conductors twisted in concentric layers, individual screens for insulated stranded conductive conductors (in particular cases of execution), the presence of a separating layer (girdle insulation) superimposed over a common twist of conductive cores, and an outer sheath made of polymeric material. Also as a prototype, the claimed utility model contains a common screen made of copper wires with a winding on a common screen made of synthetic film and a winding of thermally resistant mica-containing tapes over multi-wire conductive conductors (in particular cases of execution), and the outer sheath of the cable can be made of a fire-resistant polymer composition . In addition, in the dependent claims of the prototype utility model and the claimed utility model, the conductive wires can first be twisted into pairs or triples or quadruples, and then into a common twist.

The reason that prevents the technical result obtained in the known technical solution, which is provided by the utility model, is the imposition of a separating layer (belt insulation) made of a polymer material compatible with insulation and sheath materials by extrusion, and not by winding, with filling the gaps between the conductive cores and with certain mechanical characteristics that improve the reliability of cable operation. The disadvantage of this known cable is the lack of stability of functional and mechanical parameters under extreme conditions.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the need to develop a reliable control cable with enhanced protection against internal and external damage under conditions of intense dynamic loads.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the control and monitoring cable contains conductive cores made of copper or tinned copper wires with core insulation made of polymer material, twisted together (in pairs or triples or quadruples), and then into a common twist, a separating layer, a common screen and an outer shell, while the separating layer with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm is applied by extrusion and is made of a polymer material compatible with insulation and shell materials and is characterized by a tensile strength of at least 4 N/mm ² , an elongation at break of at least 50% and oxygen an index of at least 30. In addition, in the case of manufacturing a fire-resistant cable of the “FR” version, a layer in the form of a winding of two mica-containing tapes can be applied over the conductive cores. The control cable can be made with individual screens over insulated cores twisted in pairs, triples, quadruples of tinned copper wires or foil composite material, or a combined screen of foil composite material and braid of tinned copper wires, while under the screen and / or a layer of synthetic tape can be applied over the screen, and an individual inner sheath made of polymeric materials corresponding to the materials of the outer sheath can additionally be applied over the shielded core, pair, triple, quadruple. If additional sealing of the cable is required, a layer of water-blocking tape can be applied over the general twist. In the case of a large diameter conductor, a winding of synthetic tapes can be applied over the general twist in order to ensure a round shape of the conductor. A common screen of tinned copper wires or a foil composite material, or a foil composite material and a braid of tinned copper wires is superimposed over the common twist and separating layer, and a layer in the form of a winding with a film of synthetic material is superimposed over the shield of tinned copper wires. On top of the common shield or film winding, an inner sheath can be applied from materials corresponding to the materials of the insulation and the outer sheath. And on top of the inner shell for additional protection against external mechanical damage, armor made of galvanized steel wires is applied. In this case, the insulation can be made either from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound, or from polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard, or polyvinyl chloride plastic compound of reduced fire hazard with low toxicity of combustion products, or from cross-linked polyethylene, or from organosilicon silicone rubber, or from a polymer composition that does not contain halogens, and the outer sheath is made of either low flammability PVC, or low fire hazard PVC, or low fire hazard PVC with low toxicity of combustion products, or a halogen-free polymer composition.

In modern conditions, computerized means of control, monitoring and data transmission are widely used in automation systems, telemechanics, measuring and testing complexes and control systems in various fields. The reliability and safety of such systems is determined by the reliability, safety and durability of cable products.

The operational properties of electric cables are determined by the totality of its electrical, mechanical, physical and other properties that mutually influence each other.

The main reason for the loss of performance or fire safety properties of electrically conductive equipment is the destruction of protective coatings, shells, insulation, etc. The mechanics of destruction of coatings made of polymeric materials has its own laws. Destruction begins in places of the highest concentration of mechanical stresses, causing the destruction of conductive materials, cable failure or fire.

Mechanical stresses and deformations appear, first of all, in the places of contact of conductors. The presence of an extruded separating layer of polymeric materials compatible with insulation and sheath materials, with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm, significantly increases the breakdown voltage of the insulation of conductive cores, increasing the operational reliability of the insulation and the cable as a whole. The imposition of a separating layer of polymeric materials by extrusion with filling the interfacial space makes it possible to provide complete protection of the surface of the core insulation material from free access of oxygen, as well as from exposure to ionizing rays and, accordingly, reduce the rate of destruction of the insulation material. Such a constructive solution will increase the service life and reliability of the cable in view of the complete protection of the core insulation material.

The high mechanical strength of the separating element made of polymeric materials with the specified characteristics, applied by extrusion, excludes damage to the insulation (possible piercing to the conductive core) by screen wires in the form of a braid (common screen and / or screen in pairs, triples, quadruples), which also significantly increases cable reliability and service life.

Depending on the operating conditions, additional inner shells also serve as protection against internal and external mechanical damage: over a shielded core, a pair, a triple, a quadruple or over a separating layer, either a synthetic film or a common screen, as well as armor applied over a common inner sheath. The use of these insulation materials, inner and outer sheaths makes it possible to increase the fire resistance of the control cable, the low level of emission of toxic combustion products and smoke, which in turn also increases the reliability of the control cable in extreme operating conditions.

Thus, the totality of the above essential features ensures the achievement of the technical result specified by the applicant. The claimed utility model is implemented as follows.

The conductive conductors are made of copper or tinned copper wires of Fig. 1 and FIG. 2 (1) applied to electrical cables. Over each conductive core on the winding equipment, a layer of two mica-containing tapes is applied (in the case of a fire-resistant control cable) with a thickness of 0.12 mm with overlap. Over each strand, the extruder is insulated with the polymeric material of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2(2). Insulated cores are twisted into pairs, triples, quadruples on the twisting equipment of Fig. 1 and FIG. 2(3) with winding along the twisted group of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2(4), then pairs, triplets, quadruples are twisted into the core of FIG. 1(5) and FIG. 2(7). In cables with an individual screen, over insulated cores, twisted pairs, triples, quadruples, a screen is applied in the form of a braid or a twist of tinned copper wires or of a foil composite material of the Alumoflex type, or of a foil composite material of the Alumoflex type with a single-wire drain conductor made of tinned copper wire Fig. . 2(5). A layer of synthetic tape may be applied below the screen and/or over the screen. A layer of synthetic tape is superimposed on top of the screen in the case of manufacturing a cable with an individual inner sheath over individual screens to prevent leakage of the inner sheath material between the wires of individual screens or in the case when the conductive core of the cable is made without winding of synthetic tapes over a common twist, in this case it prevents leakage of the separating layer material between the wires of the individual screens. Over the shielded core, pair, triple, quadruple of cables with an individual screen, an inner individual sheath 0.5 mm thick is applied from polymeric materials corresponding to the sheath materials of Fig. 2(6).

In cables of version “c”, a layer of water-blocking tape in the form of a winding with overlap must be applied over the general twist.

A separating layer of FIG. 1(7) and FIG. 2(9), pressed out with simultaneous filling of the gaps between the cores with a thickness of at least 0.5 mm from polymeric materials compatible with the materials of insulation and outer sheath, or winding from synthetic tapes (to give the cable a round shape) fig. 1(6) and FIG. 2(8) and then a release layer.

Next, over the separating layer, the overall screen of FIG. 1(8) and FIG. 2(10) in the form of a braid or a layer of copper wires or foil composite material. The screen is applied in the form of a braid of copper wires or a foil composite material of the Alyumoflex type with a single-wire drain conductor made of tinned copper wire is carried out on braiding machines with a given parameter of the braid surface density of at least 65% of copper or tinned copper wires and at least 40% of the combined screen.

On top of the overall screen of cables, except for cables with a screen of foil composite material, a layer in the form of a winding with a film of synthetic material must be applied. 2(11).

In armored cables, a common inner sheath with a minimum thickness of 0.5 mm of polymeric materials compatible with the insulation and outer sheath materials of Fig. 2(12) and then the armor of FIG. 2(13).

On top of the common screen, armor, twisted unshielded or screened cores, pairs, triples, quadruples, an outer sheath of the indicated polymeric materials of Fig. 1(9) and FIG. 2(14).

The design of the claimed utility model has been successfully tested under production conditions.

Claims (16)

1. A control and monitoring cable containing conductive conductors made of copper wires with core insulation made of polymer material, twisted together, and then into a common twist, a separating layer, a common screen and an outer sheath, characterized in that the separating layer is at least 0 thick, 5 mm is applied by extrusion and made of a polymeric material compatible with insulation and sheath materials, and characterized by a tensile strength of at least 4 N/mm ² , an elongation at break of at least 50% and an oxygen index of at least 30. 2. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulated conductors are twisted together in pairs, or triples, or quadruples. 3. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer in the form of a winding of two mica-containing tapes is applied over the conductive cores. 4. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a screen of tinned copper wires or a foil composite material or a combined screen of a foil composite material and a braid of tinned copper wires is superimposed over the insulated cores twisted together. 5. The cable according to claim 4, characterized in that a layer of ribbons of polymeric material is applied under the screen and/or over the screen. 6. The cable according to claim 4, characterized in that a sheath of polymeric materials is applied over the shielded twist of the cores, corresponding to the materials of the outer sheath. 7. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a layer of water-blocking tape is applied over the general twist. 8. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that a winding of synthetic tapes is applied over the general twist under the separating layer. 9. Cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall screen is made of tinned copper wires. 10. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the overall screen is made of a foil composite material or a combination of a foil composite material and a braid of tinned copper wires. 11. The cable according to claim 9, characterized in that a layer in the form of a winding with a film of synthetic material is applied over the common screen. 12. The cable according to claim 11, characterized in that an inner sheath of materials corresponding to the materials of the insulation and the outer sheath is superimposed over the synthetic film. 13. The cable according to claim 10, characterized in that an inner sheath of materials corresponding to the materials of the insulation and the outer sheath is superimposed over the common screen. 14. Cable according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that armor is applied over the inner sheath. 15. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the insulation is made of either polyvinyl chloride compound, or polyvinyl chloride compound of reduced fire hazard, or polyvinyl chloride compound of reduced fire hazard with low toxicity of combustion products, or of cross-linked polyethylene, or of organosilicon silicone rubber, or of polymer composition that does not contain halogens. 16. The cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer sheath is made of either low flammability PVC, or low fire hazard PVC, or low fire hazard PVC with low toxicity of combustion products, or from a polymer composition that does not contain halogens.

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