RU210399U1 - DEVICE FOR LOOSENING STRONG SOILS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to construction and can be used for layer-by-layer loosening of solid soils, as well as for removing ice and snow on roads and sidewalks. The device for loosening solid soils contains a frame on which a shaft is installed in the rotation supports, a shaft rotation drive, a drum with teeth mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, on the hub of which gears with unbalances are mounted in the rotation supports, which engage with the gear wheel, mounted on the shaft in rotation bearings, a gear drive and elastic elements made in the form of a flat spring, one end of which is fixed on the shaft, and the other end - on the drum shell. On the shaft with the possibility of axial movement there is a disk with grooves included in the flat springs, by means of a disk displacement drive rigidly fixed on the drum coaxially to its axis. The use of the device will increase the efficiency of its work on destructible media with different physical and mechanical characteristics, reduce the energy intensity of the process of destruction of solid soils, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to construction and can be used for layer-by-layer loosening of solid soils, as well as for removing ice and snow on roads and sidewalks.

A device for loosening solid soils is known, comprising a frame on which a shaft with teeth fixed to it and a rotation drive are installed in the rotation supports, and a bracket is rigidly fixed on the shaft, on which gear wheels with unbalances are mounted on the rotation supports, which engage with the gear wheel. mounted on the shaft in rotation bearings, and a gear drive (Pat. 2224848, IPC E02F 5/30, publ. 27.02.2004).

The closest to the proposed technical essence is a device for loosening solid soils, containing a frame on which a shaft is installed in the rotation bearings, a shaft rotation drive, a drum with teeth mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, on the hub of which gears are mounted in the rotation bearings. weights engaged with a gear mounted on a shaft in rotation bearings, a gear drive and elastic elements made in the form of a flat spring, one end of which is fixed on the shaft, and the other end is fixed on the drum shell.

The disadvantage of the known device is the ability to work effectively only on working media (solid soils, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc.) with the same physical and mechanical characteristics (Pat. 2258785, IPC E02F 5/30, publ. 20.08.2005) .

The technical result of the proposed utility model is to increase the efficiency of the device in the destruction of solid soils, ice, snow-ice run-up with different physical and mechanical properties, in particular strength and rigidity.

The technical result is achieved by the proposed device for loosening solid soils, containing a frame on which a shaft is installed in the rotation supports, a shaft rotation drive, a drum with teeth mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, on the hub of which gears with unbalances are mounted in the rotation supports , engaged with a gear mounted on a shaft in rotation bearings, a gear drive and elastic elements made in the form of a flat spring, one end of which is fixed on the shaft, and the other on the drum shell, while on the shaft with the possibility of axial movement a disk with grooves included in the flat springs is installed by means of a drive for moving the disk rigidly fixed on the drum coaxially to its axis.

Figure 1 shows a device for loosening solid soils, General view; figure 2 - section A-A figure 1; figure 3 - section B-B figure 1.

The device for loosening solid soils (figure 1) contains a frame 1, on which a shaft 2 is installed in the rotation bearings, connected through a coupling 3 with a drive 4, a drum 5 with rigidly fixed teeth 6 with the possibility of rotation relative to the shaft 2, axes 7, rigidly fixed on the hub-bracket 8, on which gears-unbalances 9 are installed in the rotation bearings, which engage with the gear wheel 10 (figure 2) mounted on the drive shaft 2 in the rotation bearings, the drive 11 of the gear wheel 10, the casing 12, the hub 13, rigidly fixed on the shaft 2, elastic springs 14, one end of which is installed in the grooves of the shell of the drum 5, and the second in the grooves of the hub 13 (figure 3), the disk 15 mounted on the splined part of the hub 13 with the possibility of axial movement, with grooves , included in the elastic springs 14, the drive 16 for moving the disk 15, rigidly fixed on the drum 5 coaxially to its axis.

For loosening solid soil or removing ice and snow-ice roll, the frame 1 of the device is hung on the base machine with the ability to provide contact at a given depth with the developed environment, the drive 4 is turned on, which through the clutch 3 rotates the drive shaft 2, and with it the hub 13, rigidly fixed on the shaft, which, through elastic springs 14, involves in joint rotation with an angular velocity W5 (figure 2) a drum 5 with rigidly fixed teeth 6, which, acting on the ground, deform (bend) the springs 14 in the direction opposite to rotation, accumulating potential energy from the shaft drive.

Simultaneously with the drive 4, the drive And the gear wheel 10 is turned on, which drives the gear wheels-unbalances 9, which create a perturbing force (figure 2):

where m is the mass of rotating unbalances, kg;

e - unbalance eccentricity, m;

w - angular velocity of unbalance rotation, rad/s.

Under the action of this perturbing force, a dynamic moment arises, which changes according to a harmonic law. The maximum value of the dynamic moment is determined from:

where D ₀ is the diameter of the arrangement of the axes of gear wheels-unbalances.

When the dynamic moment created by the unbalance gears 9 is directed opposite to the rotation of the drum 5, it additionally increases the deformation of the elastic springs 14, charging them with additional potential energy from the dynamic moment. When the gear wheels-unbalances 9 are rotated by 180°, the dynamic moment will be directed towards the rotation of the drum 5, which reduces the load on the elastic springs 14, as a result of which the potential energy accumulated by the elastic springs 14 from the static and dynamic moment from the previous phase is used to increasing the magnitude of the dynamic impact of the teeth 6 on the destructible environment (solid soil, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc.).

In case of destruction of media with different physical and mechanical properties (strong soils, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc.), the device is adapted by means of axial movement of the disk 15 by the drive 16 until the grooves of the disk 15 enter the elastic springs 14 (figure 3). This changes the working length of the elastic springs 14 and, as a consequence, their rigidity. Changing the speed of rotation of the drive 4 and 11 in conjunction with changing the working length of the elastic springs 14 allows you to adjust the amplitude-frequency parameters of the device, corresponding to the physical and mechanical properties of the medium being destroyed.

The greatest effect on the destructible environment (strong soil, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc.) will be achieved when the device is operated in the resonance mode, when the frequency of rotation of gears-unbalances w will be equal to the natural frequency of torsional vibrations w _c of the drum with rigid fixed teeth, i.e. for w=w _c . As a result, ceteris paribus, the amplitude of the oscillations of the teeth increases, and, consequently, the dynamic effect of their impact on the destructible medium. With the resonant mode of operation of the device, the energy costs per unit volume of the medium being destroyed (energy intensity) are significantly reduced. The transfer of torque from the shaft 2 to the shell of the drum 5 with rigidly fixed teeth 6 through the elastic springs 14 reduces the dynamic impact on the drive elements 4, which increases the reliability and durability of the device.

The use of the device will increase the efficiency of its work on destructible media with different physical and mechanical characteristics, reduce the energy intensity of the process of destruction of solid soils, ice, snow-ice run-up, etc.

Claims (1)

A device for loosening solid soils, comprising a frame on which a shaft is installed in the rotation supports, a shaft rotation drive, a drum with teeth mounted on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, on the hub of which gears with unbalances are mounted in the rotation supports, engaging with the gear wheel mounted on the shaft in rotation bearings, a gear drive and elastic elements made in the form of a flat spring, one end of which is fixed on the shaft, and the other on the drum shell, characterized in that a disk with grooves is installed on the shaft with the possibility of axial movement, included in the flat springs by means of a disk displacement drive rigidly fixed on the drum coaxially to its axis.

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