RU2103885C1 - Method of normalization of metabolic process in pigs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: method involves addition of mineral addition permait - zeolite-containing tuff to basic diet. Permait has great set of macro- and trace elements necessary for pigs, % to dry matter weight: silicon oxide, 63.39; iron oxide, 3.25; aluminium oxide, 8.42; titanium oxide, 0.45; calcium oxide, 7.74; calcium carbonate, 9.70; magnesium oxide, 1.71; potassium oxide 1.81; sodium oxide, 0.03; phosphorus pentoxide, 0.20; and other impurities, 2.3 at dose 3%. Mixture is fed for 45-60 days. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness of mineral addition. 6 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to veterinary medicine and can be used in industrial complexes to stimulate growth and increase productivity.

 With intensive meat fattening and non-lethal content, increased muscle and bone growth increases the pigs' need for minerals. Minerals play an important role in digestion, increase the activity of microorganisms involved in digestion, neutralize the body from metabolic products, maintain acid-base balance, participate in biochemical processes that affect the genetic potential of animals. It is known that 16 elements are mandatory in pig diets. With a lack or imbalance of mineral substances in the body, a complex set of adaptations arises that adversely affects all the links in the regulation of its vital activity. As a result, young growth lags behind in growth and development, various diseases appear.

 According to our data, in conditions of pig farms, signs of parakeratosis are detected in 8.8% of piglets, digestive disorders in 3.9% of piglets, signs of osteodystrophy and rickets in 22.8% of piglets, appetite distortion in 8.5% of piglets and respiratory diseases - in 8.5% of piglets.

 Known methods of normalizing metabolic processes with the introduction into the main diet (OR) of natural mineral additives [1, 2].

 The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of funds that normalize metabolic processes and provide the possibility of a wide range of their use with good tolerance, duration of effect and the absence of adverse reactions.

 The problem is achieved by the inclusion in the PR as a mineral additive of permite.

 Permaite - the name of zeolite-containing tuff - tripoli of the Pervomaisky deposit of the Chuvash Republic. The main components of permite are smectins 40–50%, zeolites 23–25%, cristobalite 30–40%, and silica 10–20%.

 Permaite (like other zeolite-containing tuffs) is an aluminum silicate of a crystalline structure, in the intracrystalline space of which are located exchange cations of alkali and alkaline-earth metals and water molecules. Like all zeolites, permite has a three-dimensional structure of alternating tetrahedra of aluminum and silicon oxides. Its structure determines the presence of a huge inner surface. The pores in the zeolite are filled with molecular water and exchange cations, mainly calcium, sodium and potassium.

 The chemical composition of permite is as follows (wt.%): Silicon oxide 64.39; iron oxide 3.25; alumina 8.42; titanium oxide 0.45; calcium oxide 7.74; calcium carbonate 14.7; magnesium oxide 1.71; potassium oxide 1.81; sodium oxide 0.03; phosphorus pentoxide 0.20; other impurities 11.9.

 Elemental composition, mg / kg, toxic elements (in parentheses is the permissible value): lead 3.9 (50); cadmium 0.9 (0.4); mercury 0.04 (0.1); fluorine 0.015 (2000). Arsenic (50) was not detected.

 Vital elements (mg / kg): copper 300.0, molybdenum 25.0, iron 90.0, manganese 510.0.

 As you can see, the chemical composition of permite includes a large set of macro- and microelements, which are of great importance for the normal metabolism in pigs. So, permite contains copper, iron, manganese. However, the content of toxic elements such as mercury, lead and fluorine is within the acceptable level for food. Cadmium is present in clarke amounts, does not accumulate in animal organs, because It is represented by a sparingly soluble form, which is practically not absorbed by the body. Arsenic is not detected.

 The content of radionuclides in the uranium and thorium series is close to the clarke ones in the earth's crust. The use of permite is not limited by the radiation factor.

 The acute oral toxicity of permite was studied in white rats weighing 160-180 g, and local effects on the mucous membrane of the eye and local irritating effects were evaluated in rabbits.

 It was noted that after a single injection of permite at a dose of 20 g / kg, slight inhibition occurred, passing through 15-20 minutes. After the second application, clinical signs of inhibition persisted for 90-120 minutes, after 3-6 injections, the inhibited state intensified. Loss of appetite and diarrhea were noted. 2 days after the termination of the permite, the experimental animals did not differ from the intact ones.

 When pathological anatomical autopsy was established: the mucous membrane of the mouth and esophagus without changes - pale pink; the stomach is filled with the drug mixed with oat grain; the mucous membrane of the stomach, small and large intestines without changes, blood vessels are not injected; the liver, kidneys, lungs, and heart of experimental animals did not differ from those of intact animals.

 60 min after the introduction of permite into the conjunctival sac, slight hyperemia was noted, which disappeared 4 hours after application. Edema of the mucous membrane of the eyes and changes in sclera were not observed.

 When studying the skin-irritating effect of the drug, functional-morphological disorders have not been established. Therefore, permite - a zeolite-containing tuff of the Pervomaisky deposit in the Chuvash Republic is practically non-toxic and, according to the classification of chemical compounds according to GOST 12.1.007-76, belongs to class 4.

 Powdered permite is a fine-grained powder from light yellow to dark brown in color without extraneous odors.

 Example 1. To determine the optimal doses of permite, 5 groups of large white piglets at the age of 60 days are formed on the basis of analogues 5 groups: 4 experimental groups, 1 group - control. All animals are kept in the same conditions, receive OP. The animals of the experimental groups in OR are injected with permite in a dose of 2-8% to the dry matter of OR. Feeding is carried out for 60 days. The results are presented in table 1.

 As can be seen from the table. 1, in all groups treated with permite, more stable positive results are observed, which, with an increase in the dose of permite, show a tendency to decrease, remaining higher compared to the control. The higher safety of piglets in the experimental groups indicates the effectiveness of permite in the prevention of metabolic disorders.

 Example 2. To determine the comparative effectiveness of permite, 3 groups of piglets at the age of 60 days of large white breed are formed on the basis of analogues. Animals are kept under the same conditions. All of them get OP. Polysols of microelements are introduced into the animals of group 1 in the OR, permite in a dose of 3% of the dry matter of OR is introduced to animals of the 2 group. Animals of group 3 do not receive mineral additives and serve as a control. The results are presented in table. 2-6.

 As a result of the experiment, a positive effect of permite on the safety of animals, increase in live weight, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, protein synthesis, and factors of cellular and humoral immunity were noted (Table 2-6). Thus, a decrease in inorganic phosphorus improves the calcium-phosphorus ratio, the violation of which is manifested by growth retardation, the development of rickets, osteomolations and osteoparesis (Table 3). Permaite activates protein synthesis (table. 4). So, in group 2, at the end of the experiment, there was a statistically significant increase in protein and protein fractions, activation of the synthesis of hemoglobin and red blood cells, which ensures the maintenance of the concentration of hemoglobin and red blood cells at the level of the physiological norm (Table 5).

 Studies have confirmed that the enrichment of pig OR with a mineral supplement - permite - increases the level of metabolic processes and physiological state. These positive changes are confirmed by clinical observations of animals, during which there is greater activity and mobility. Animals have a good appetite.

 The proposed method for normalizing metabolic processes with the inclusion of permite - zeolite-containing tuff in the PR is available, because the field is located in well-developed areas of the Chuvash Republic, where it is being mined for the needs of construction, agriculture, etc. The cheapness and availability of permite ensure the economy of the method.

Sources of information
1. Handbook for feeding agricultural animals. -M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1983, p. 69 - 79.

 2. Recommendations on the use of zeolite additives in pig diets. -M .: Rosagropromizdat, 1991, 13 p. - prototype.

Claims (1)

A method of normalizing metabolic processes in pigs, including the introduction of a mineral additive in the main diet and feeding the mixture, characterized in that as a mineral additive, permite is used with a content, by weight, of dry matter of the diet:
Silicon Oxide 64.39
Iron Oxide 3.25
Alumina 8.42
Titanium oxide 0.45
Calcium Oxide 7.74
Calcium Carbonate 9.70
Magnesium Oxide 1.71
Potassium oxide 1.81
Sodium Oxide 0.03
Phosphorus Pentoxide 0.20
Other impurities 2,3
at a dose of 3% and feed the mixture for 45 to 60 days.

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