RU2101400C1 - Heater for heating movable thermoplastic thread - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating equipment. SUBSTANCE: heater has surface subjected to heating. Movable thread is directed over heated surface of heater along annular segments. Heat flux absorbed by thread may be adjusted by changing heat transmission geometrical parameters. EFFECT: increased efficiency and simplified construction. 27 cl, 24 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a heater for a moving thermoplastic yarn.

 A heater for heating a moving filament is known from EP 412 429. This heater comprises a heating surface with filament guides disposed thereon along which a filament is directed along the heating surface and at a certain distance from it, filament conductors at the heater inlet and outlet. Its disadvantage is that the curvature of the trajectory of the thread is rigidly set and at the same time determines the distance from the thread to the heated surface.

 A heater of this kind finds, for example, application in a machine for texturing threads by the method of false torsion.

 However, other applications are possible.

 Heaters for moving thermoplastic yarns (chemical yarns) in machines for texturing yarns by false torsion usually have long strips that are heated to a certain temperature and over which the yarns are passed.

 For drawing and thermal fixing of a chemical thread, the DE-AS 13 03 384 accepted application describes a heated pipe which the thread bends around in a steep helix. To avoid movement in the circumferential direction, the pipe is equipped with a bead at the end where the thread runs.

 As a thermoplastic material of a thread, it is meant, first of all, polyamide (PA 6, PA 6.6) or polyethylene terephthalate, but not only they.

 The purpose of the invention is to create a device for heating the thread, which is easy to assemble and makes it possible to widely vary the curvature of the trajectory of the thread and for each such trajectory and in all its places to provide a distance to the surface independent of the selected curvature.

 This goal is achieved using the features set forth in paragraph 1 of the claims.

 In addition, according to a further summary of the invention, it should be possible to influence the heat transfer for a particular application.

 In this heater, by adjusting the thread guides provided at the input and output of the thread path in the circumferential direction, it is possible to select the slope of the helix along which the thread runs onto the pipe rings, and thereby the curvature of the thread path. However, although the curvature of the trajectory in the described and already known heaters significantly affects the heat transfer, this is not the case in this invention. Here the heat transfer is due solely to the temperature of the pipe and the height of the rings above the pipe. The steepness of the helix, i.e. the curvature and the angle of envelope of the trajectory of the thread can be selected without affecting the heat transfer so that the thread moves smoothly and stably and that, in addition, in machines for texturing yarns using the method of false torsion, the twisting given to the yarn can continue without interruption in that portion of the length of the yarn that exposed to a heater.

However, this makes it possible to easily control the temperature of the thread. Since the curvature of the trajectory of the thread does not affect the heat transfer, the temperature of the thread, except for the height of the ring (see above), depends only on the temperature and length of the pipe. The length and angle of bending are independent of each other. Therefore, the length can be chosen so that the pipe has a temperature in the range corresponding to the temperature of self-cleaning of the heated surface, i.e. over 300 ^o C.

 According to the invention, thread conductors are arranged before and after the heating pipe. Both thread conductors are mutually offset in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe, as a result of which the thread is directed over the heating pipe in a steep helix. Preferably, the heating pipe is straight. Curving is not required, since the curvature of the trajectory of the thread, as already mentioned, can be set by regulating the thread conductors.

 The heating pipe heats from the inside. For this purpose, it is advisable to provide an electric resistive heating element inside the pipe, passing at least along some part of the heating pipe. In this case, it is also possible for more intensive heating in certain areas, for example, in the inlet section, to provide several independently switched on and adjustable resistive heating elements along the length of the heating pipe. Then you can set different temperatures along the length of the heating pipe.

It is envisaged and sufficient that the thread runs onto the heating pipe and rings at a very sharp angle relative to the generatrix line of this pipe. Due to the high temperature (above 350 ^o C) to which the pipe can be heated, only a small length of the heating pipe is required. Therefore, the total angle of rotation of the thread relative to the circumference and length of the heating pipe is relatively small. It is advisable to take it less than 180 ^o . Therefore, the heating pipe at least in this area is part of the cylinder. Execution in the form of a circular cylinder has the advantage that the thread along its entire length of contact is adjacent to the outer surface of the rings with the same fit parameters, especially with the same angle of the helix. However, other forms of the cross section of the cylinder are possible, for example, elliptical, especially if, as will be discussed later, the height of the ring in the zone of movement of the thread is not the same along the length of the heating pipe. In that section of the heating pipe, which is facing in the direction opposite to the line of movement of the thread, the pipe can have any shape. However, the symmetrical form of the cylindrical heating pipe is advisable if special importance is attached to the uniform distribution of heat around the circumference and / or length of the pipe.

 In any case, the rings are located on that part of the periphery of the heating pipe that is adjacent to the line of movement of the thread. Therefore, they do not have to be located on the entire periphery of the heating pipe and therefore are referred to in this description as “ring segments”. The possibility of good thermal insulation of the heating pipe arises when the rings are located only on that part of the periphery of the heating pipe where the thread is adjacent. In this case, the heating pipe on the opposite flat side may be coated with an insulating layer. In this case, that part of the periphery on which the rings are located can also be reduced by mutual displacement of adjacent rings in the direction of thread movement, i.e. so that the rings are mutually offset along a helix in the direction of movement of the thread. In any case, it is advisable to slightly expand the circumference of the rings around the circumference in order to provide the possibility of adjusting the inclination of the trajectory of the thread in the desired range.

As already mentioned, the heater according to the invention is particularly suitable for use at temperatures within the range of self-cleaning. This means that the temperature is so high that polymer residues that adhere to the heater or jumpers during heat treatment of thermoplastic filaments decompose and oxidize. In this case, easy mechanical cleaning is required in any case. For polyester and nylon, the temperature exceeds 300 ^o C and can even reach 800 ^o C. The limit temperature at which damage occurs depends on the type of polymer, the thickness of the thread, as well as on the length of the heater, the selected helix and other parameters of the heating process.

 The rings according to the invention can be located respectively in the normal plane of the heating pipe. In this case, they are rings in the truest sense of the word.

However, the rings may be inclined relative to the circumferential direction. For example, inclined rings can be located in some group of parallel planes. In this case, the advantage is created by the fact that the inclination of the rings relative to the helical movement of the threads can be selected so that the threads run along the outer surface of the rings as short as possible. This means that the inclination of the rings should be selected so that it is directed against the inclination of the trajectory of the thread and that the thread fell on each ring at an angle of 90 ^o or only slightly different from this value.

 Such a preferred embodiment of the heater according to the invention is characterized by an additional feature of claim 2. In this case, it is preferable to choose the hoist of the rings opposite to the hoist direction of the trajectory of the thread, meaning the hoist relative to the generatrix line of the heating pipe. Thanks to this, the thread touches the rings at the shortest possible distance. A helical or spiral protrusion, also called a spiral, can be worn in the form of a helical wire on a heater made in the form of a circular cylinder, and replaced after wear. Replacing the wire lining, as well as cleaning it, is easy to carry out, if we keep in mind the spring wire, which, due to its elastic radial compression, fits snugly against the heating pipe, and with longitudinal compression, moves apart in the radial direction so that it can be removed from the pipe.

 A disadvantage of the known heaters, in which the thread is guided by protrusions along an intensely heated surface, is that although this surface and part of the guide protrusions have the necessary self-cleaning temperature, these protrusions are so cooled by the moving thread that the temperature drops below the self-cleaning range. This disadvantage eliminates the preferred embodiment according to paragraph 3 of the claims. In this case, the protrusions along which the thread runs are formed using recesses made in the surface of the heating pipe so that an axle always extends between them in the axial direction, extending in the circumferential direction or at an angle to it. These recesses can extend circumferentially around the entire circumference, taking the form of circular grooves. However, they can only extend along part of the circumference of the heating pipe, namely along that part provided for the helix of the thread. In this case, it is advisable to also displace adjacent grooves in the direction of the helix.

 In other words, in this embodiment, the rings can also be located in one normal plane or in several inclined planes parallel to each other or on the helix of the heating pipe. In this case, the above refers to the direction of the helix. This design of the protrusions according to paragraphs. 4 and 5 of the claims are also provided for other heaters and are equally favorable if the heating surface itself is curved in the direction of the trajectory of the thread.

 With this design, good heat transfer from the heating pipe to the contact surfaces of the rings is obtained, due to which the contact surfaces are constantly heated to a self-cleaning temperature.

 It turned out to be unexpected that the danger of burning the threads does not arise even at high temperatures of thin threads, even if, as is proposed hereinafter, as a preferred feature, the height of the ring, respectively, the depth of the recess should be selected within 0.1-5 mm, preferably 0, 5-3 mm. The lower limit is due to the radius of the heating pipe and the steepness of the helix along which the thread is guided, respectively, the curvature of the heating surface, as well as the distance between adjacent rings / protrusions, and should be chosen so that the thread does not touch the heating surface itself.

 It should be noted that the protrusions and the heating surface are made as a whole and therefore have good thermal contact, and the protrusions have only a small height relative to the heating surface, both of which individually and together are an important improvement over the existing level technicians. It is advisable to apply these improvements to any type of high-temperature heater, in which the thread is guided along a curved path along the heating surface.

 In the heat treatment of chemical fibers, especially chemical fibers of small thickness (titer, denier), wear of thread-guiding surfaces plays a very large role in terms of product quality. This is especially true for machines for texturing yarns by the method of false torsion, in which the yarn in the zone of the heater rotates around its axis. To avoid one-sided wear, it may be appropriate to provide for the possibility of rotation of the heating pipe of such a heater. Then the heating pipe can be rotated constantly or at certain intervals slightly, as a result of which a new passage for the thread comes into operation.

 However, in view of the preferred use of the electric resistive heating element, such an additional rotation is possible only within certain limits. This possibility is provided by additional features of the invention according to paragraph 3 and paragraph 11.

 A relative rotation between the ring and the heating pipe, respectively, between the cuff and the heating pipe is possible, of course, only when the heating pipe is made in the form of a circular cylinder. However, this is not necessary if the possibility of replacing worn rings is of paramount importance.

 In accordance with paragraph 3 of the claims, the rings can be made in the form of individual parts and put on a heating pipe. In this case, the inner diameter of the rings is basically equal to the outer diameter of the heating pipe, due to which a good heat-conducting contact is created between the heating surface and the ring.

 According to an additional feature set forth in paragraph 4 of the claims, it is possible to change the rings individually, and the thread-conducting part of the rings extends only along part of the periphery of the heating pipe. On the basis of item 4, it can be achieved that, nevertheless, approximately the entire periphery is used to conduct the thread. When executed according to paragraph 5 of the claims, it is possible to set the same offset in the circumferential direction on all rings. When executed according to paragraph 6, this offset can be varied.

 In order to ensure close thermal contact between the ring and the heating pipe on the side where the thread runs, each ring according to paragraph 7 of the claims is pressed against the heating pipe by a spring clip. This spring clip ends against the side walls of the slot, and with its middle section against the heating pipe.

 When the protrusions, respectively, the rings are especially suitable, their height relative to the heating surface is selected in the range of 0.1-5 mm, preferably in the range of 0.5-3 mm. Here, the lower limit is also due to the radius of the heating pipe and the steepness of the helix along which the thread is guided, the corresponding curvature of the heating surface, as well as the distance between adjacent rings / protrusions, and should be chosen so that the thread does not touch the heating surface itself.

 When executed according to claim 11 of the claims, at least a part of the periphery of the heating pipe, which is provided for the passage of the thread, is covered by a shield / cuff, which is tightly fitted to the surface shape of the heating pipe and is in close heat-conducting contact with this surface. It is important to emphasize that the cuff does not extend along the entire periphery of the heating pipe, but only along the part of it that faces the thread line (heating surface).

 However, the cuff can be made in the form of a thin-walled tube. In this case, the inner cross section of the cuff is tightly fitted to the outer cross section of the heating pipe, but preferably rotatably. If the heating pipe is made in the form of a circular cylinder, then it is advisable to perform the cuff in the form of a circular cylinder, as this will enable the cuff to be rotated. On the outer surface of the cuff is made of rings that have the above shape. The cuff is preferably made of thin tin. The rings can be made by squeezing the cuff in several normal planes so that ring-shaped protrusions appear on the outside.

 This results in cavities that can interfere with heat transfer. At the same time, it would be difficult and technologically difficult to apply massive rings to thin-walled sheet, for example, by welding, while ensuring good thermal conductivity. These difficulties are eliminated in accordance with paragraph 12 of the claims. With this design, a cuff, or a separator, is inserted onto the heating pipe, which has a substantially smooth surface, the inner diameter of which corresponds to the outer diameter of the heating pipe, and the outer surface is penetrated by recesses arranged in rows along the axis and having the same shape in each row. It is advisable in rows located diametrically opposite to give the recesses the same shape, providing a different shape in the rows adjacent to them. The rows of recesses may be parallel to the axis. Between the recesses located in the same row, we get the lintels extending around the periphery of the same shape, which corresponds to the shape of the recesses. The cuff is fixed on the heating pipe from axial movement, but has the ability to rotate. This ensures, firstly, the advantage that by periodically or gradually turning the cuff on the pipe, the thread can always be brought to a cleaner place of passage through the jumper; secondly, due to the different shape of the jumpers, the thread can be heated in a wide temperature range. Since jumpers or recesses of the same shape in the cuff are diametrically opposed, respectively, repeated at certain angular distances, paths are formed for the passage of two or more threads. The rest of the jumper passing between the rows of recesses in the longitudinal direction of the cuff, do not matter for the essence of the invention.

 Thus, the cuff is in this case a thin-walled part in which several recesses are cut along the axis. These recesses are shaped so that a bridge is formed between axially adjacent recesses, extending in the circumferential direction. In this design, the jumpers also do not have to be located in the normal plane of the heating pipe, but can be tilted with respect to this plane. Further, the jumpers are not required to extend across the entire periphery. Moreover, it is desirable that the cuff along the entire length of the heating pipe is a single unit, and the recesses therefore would be located only on some part of the periphery / width.

 It was already indicated above that a small ring height is not only possible, but also suitable for more uniform thermal conductivity and for good heat transfer to the thread. For this reason, it is also here, as a particularly expedient feature, that it is proposed to select a shield wall thickness in the range of 0.1-5 mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm. The above limitations are taken into account.

 The execution according to paragraph 3 of the claims allows you to vary the distance between the rings along the length of the heating pipe, which will be discussed in more detail below. In order for such a performance to be possible also with the use of the cuff, a performance according to claim 13 is proposed. Here, the cuff is divided into several axial sections, which in a preferred embodiment can be telescoped into each other. Each section has a ring on its outer periphery. Moving these sections into each other to a greater or lesser distance, you can vary the distance between the rings.

 The application of protrusions guiding the thread on the shield covering the heating surface, as well as the formation of jumpers with the shield with recesses, provide the above advantages in each heater and therefore is the subject of claims. 11 and 12 of the claims.

 As already indicated, thread conductors are installed at the inlet to and at the outlet of the heating pipe. Both thread conductors are mutually offset in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe, so that the thread passes through the rings in a steep helix. The steepness of this helix and the radius of the outer surface of the rings determines the curvature of the trajectory of the thread. In turn, the curvature of the trajectory of the thread determines the stability of the thread. In order to be able to influence the stability of the thread using other parameters that can have such an effect (for example, the tension of the thread, the level of torsion during texturing by the method of false torsion), according to paragraph 14 of the claims, it is proposed to provide for the possibility of regulation and positioning of the conductors and the heating pipes relative to each other in the circumferential direction.

As already noted, from the point of view of heat engineering it is advisable to heat the heating pipe in a symmetrical manner. Good thermotechnical use of the heating pipe is achieved in this regard when executed in accordance with paragraph 15 of the claims. In this case, it may turn out that the threads bend in the same direction the heating pipe along a helical line. If the total bending angle of each thread is less than 180 ^° , more than two threads can be heated on one heating pipe in this way. It goes without saying that this makes maintenance and especially threading difficult. This is primarily due to the fact that for insulation the heater must be surrounded by an insulating casing, which gives only limited access to the heating pipe. Such an insulating casing preferably covers the entire heating pipe, leaving only the narrowest possible radial slot extending along the generatrix line of the heating pipe, respectively parallel to this line. With this design of the insulating casing, the possibility of applying several threads becomes even more limited. In a preferred embodiment according to claim 16, when two strands of opposite rise are superimposed on the heating pipe, both of these strands can be applied without difficulty in any sequence. In this case, one thread conductor is provided for each thread at the input and output. On one side, that is, at the exit of the heating pipe, the thread conductors are located very close to each other and are located mainly in the radial plane of the laying slot. On the other side, that is, at the entrance to the heating pipe, both thread conductors have a large distance between them in the working position symmetrically to the radial plane of the aforementioned slot. It is advisable to provide for the laying of the threads the possibility of their rearrangement between the radial plane of the slot and the working position. Therefore, each thread can be inserted into the thread guides at the inlet and outlet of the heating pipe in the radial plane of the laying slot. Then one of the two thread conductors is moved in the circumferential direction, moving the thread to its working position. In this way, you can lay both threads one after the other in any order.

 In heaters for thermoplastic filaments, in which the temperature of the heating surface significantly exceeds the set value to which the thread should be heated, a particular problem is that the set temperature must be reached, but not exceeded. For this, only the temperature of the heating surface and the speed of the thread can be used as adjustable parameters. The thickness of the thread and the length of the heater remain unchanged.

 However, the optimization of the heating effect on the thread is of great importance in terms of the quality of the thread and its texturing in the machine by the method of false twisting. For this reason, it is proposed to provide the ability to control the contact length of the thread guides. Due to this, it is also possible to optimally adjust the heating at the desired in this case the speed of the thread and its diameter (titer). To do this, it is advisable to give the heater and thread guides a design in which the thread guides are replaceable.

 To optimize the heating effect and to adjust it to the speed of the thread and its titer, it is further proposed as a preferred feature to regulate the ratio of the contact length of the thread guides to the non-contact length of the heater (or contact length), especially within the controlled zone. In this case, the heater may have, first of all, the shape of a pipe. Therefore, at the periphery of the heating pipe, several lintels / ring segments extending in the circumferential direction are provided. These jumpers can be located on the periphery with mutual displacement. Due to this, it is achieved that the thread that envelopes the pipe along a helical line touches the jumpers sequentially in those places where they have basically the same contact length.

 In this regard, according to additional features listed in paragraphs. 17-20 of the claims, one more tuning parameter is provided, by which it is possible to influence the heat transfer to the thread and thereby the desired temperature of the thread. This refers to the relationship between the contact and non-contact length of the thread along the heating surface (paragraphs 17, 18), as well as the height of the rings / jumpers above the heating surface, respectively, the depth of the grooves, with which rings are formed, respectively jumpers (paragraphs 19, 20 ) In these embodiments of the invention, the contact ratio and / or the height of the rings / jumpers above the periphery of the heating pipe changes, respectively, the width of the heating surface across the direction of the thread.

 Thus, the annular segments / jumpers have a working width transverse to the direction of movement of the thread, several times the diameter of the thread. The contact length of the ring segments / jumpers in the direction of the thread travel in different places of the working width is different, and the thread progress relative to the working width of the ring segments / jumpers can be adjusted.

 The thread stroke can be positioned in a certain way relative to the periphery of the heating pipe, rings / jumpers respectively applied to it, cuffs respectively put on it. For this, in all versions of the present invention, it is possible to move the input and output thread conductors synchronously in the circumferential direction. However, it is also possible to leave the positions of the thread conductors unchanged, and instead turn the heating pipe or rings mounted on it or a sleeve placed on it instead. In all these cases, we mean the relative displacement of the thread stroke on the periphery of the heating pipe. This relative movement can be carried out manually. In this case, the height, as well as the width, can vary evenly or stepwise.

 The advantage of this relative movement is that it has the most direct effect on the heat transfer, and thereby on the set temperature of the thread. Due to this, for the first time it becomes possible, by measuring the temperature of a moving filament, to regulate the temperature so that it remains constant equal to a predetermined value by means of relative movement of the filament along the periphery of the heating pipe (paragraph 24 of the claims).

 In a heater with a cuff on, this means that the recesses made in it have an increasing or decreasing width across the direction of the thread. It can and can also be expediently provided that in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe, that is, across the thread path, there are recesses of various shapes adjacent to the cuff, so that the ring segments / lintels are sections each time of a constant radius / constant height, or that the width and / or the height of the ring segments / jumpers changed only in the heating zones of the thread, or so that the width and / or the height of the ring segments / jumpers changed differently in different zones of the heating of the thread. Due to this, it is possible not only to change the heat supply to each thread, but also to achieve a relative change in the conditions of heat supply to several threads simultaneously passed along the heater, thereby adjusting their temperature to a predetermined value.

 The effective temperature of the thread, and thus the set temperature, has a special effect on the quality of the thread during the texturing process in the machine by the method of false twisting. An important indicator of this quality was the thread tension, which is measured behind the false twist friction sensor. Therefore, it is also possible to adjust the thread tension, especially the tension that is continuously measured between the false twist friction sensor and the feed device located behind it by relative movement of the thread stroke along the periphery of the heating pipe so that the deviation of the measured value from the given thread tension does not exceed a certain tolerance (p.25 claims).

 The invention according to paragraphs. 17 and 19, as well as paragraphs. 24 and 25 are suitable and appropriate in the same way for all heaters, as reflected in paragraphs. 18 and 20.

 For many of the filament paths on the same heating pipe, another problem arises in that the rings must be shaped so that with simultaneous relative movement of both filament paths along the periphery of the heating pipe, the desired identical change in the height of the rings, respectively the depth of the recesses, is obtained. Corresponding executions are characterized by signs according to paragraphs. 21 and 22 of the claims.

 When the filament passes through the heater, and especially through the heating pipe according to this invention, two important functions are important. Firstly, in the input zone of the thread, it is necessary to introduce the required amount of heat into it. In the outlet zone, it is important to equalize the heat distribution over the cross section of the thread so that a predetermined temperature is established throughout this section. From these two different functions it follows that the heat transfer intensity can also be different in different parts of the length of the heating pipe. According to paragraph 26 of the claims, this is achieved due to the fact that it is possible to choose in different ways the so-called contact ratio and / or ring height.

 The portion of the pipe length, on which, basically, it is necessary to achieve a given temperature over the entire cross section of the thread, is called final in this description. The portion of the pipe length where heat transfer to the thread primarily occurs is called regulatory. The contact ratio in the final section is much smaller, and the height of the rings is many times greater than in the regulatory section.

 The peculiarity lies in the fact that in the inlet section of the heater the thread is only in slight contact with the thread guide or does not have contact with it at all, and here the thread guides are located only at a great distance. Preferably, the input section is equipped with only one input thread guide and one output thread guide. In addition, it is advisable to provide that the input thread guide remains cold. Therefore, it is proposed to install the input thread guide so that it is not in thermal contact with the heating surface. Due to this, the thread guide remains mostly cold, as a result of which separation of the thermoplastic material may occur. The output conductor should, on the contrary, have the property of self-cleaning. Therefore, it is advisable to connect it directly to the heating surface and place it at the beginning of the so-called "regulatory area".

 Regulatory is the area in which the thread acquires its predetermined temperature. It is adjacent to the inlet portion of the heater. There are several thread guides in the regulatory area. These thread guides are located at the same or, as described in the aforementioned patent EP-A2 0 412 429, variable distances.

 By using thread guides in the regulatory section, it is ensured that the thread is guided at a strictly defined distance from the heating surface. In addition, in order to avoid contact of the filament in the inlet portion with the heating surface, it is further proposed that the heater between the inlet and the regulator sections have a transition zone in which the distance between the heating surface in the inlet section and the thread stroke is several times greater than the distance that the stroke the filament has a relatively heating surface in the regulatory portion.

 Thanks to this arrangement of the thread guides, it is ensured that they are only in the area where the achieved temperature of the thread, on the one hand, and the temperature of the heater, on the other hand, guarantee self-cleaning. In this regulatory section, precise control of the temperature of the heater takes place, preferably by regulation. Due to the precise orientation of the thread with respect to the heater, the thread is heated to a predetermined temperature. In the input section, the exact orientation of the thread is not required. This takes into account the fact that the filament is heated in the input section under conditions of a large temperature difference between the heater and the filament, as a result of which precise control of the filament temperature is not only undesirable, but also impossible.

 Heating of the thread in the regulatory section leads to the fact that first the outer layers of the thread acquire the desired temperature. However, uniform heating of the thread over its entire cross section is required. This is achieved due to the fact that the regulatory section is followed by the final section, in which the thread guide is again at a great distance from the heating surface, or there is no thread guide at all. In order to avoid contact of the thread with the heating surface, it is also advisable here to increase the distance between the thread travel and the heating surface several times in comparison with what takes place in the regulatory section. Due to this arrangement of the end section, it is ensured that with a small heat transfer, heat losses are eliminated and a uniform distribution of heat supplied in the regulatory section occurs over the entire cross section of the thread.

 In the input section, one can proceed from the large unsupported length of the thread; in particular, it was found that in the input section the tendency of the thread to oscillate is small. Possible length is 400-500 mm. However, to limit losses, the length should be limited, which is necessary to ensure the necessary pre-heating of the thread.

 The final section in any case is shorter than the input. The length of the final section, it is advisable to limit the size of 300 mm, and preferably make it even shorter.

 It has already been pointed out above that a significant area of application of the heater according to the present invention is the process of texturing yarns by the method of false torsion, especially in machines for the exhaust texturing of thermoplastic yarns, especially from polyester and nylon. In this process, non-elongated or pre-oriented (POY) yarn in the form of a bobbin is drawn using a feeding device. After that, the thread is passed through a heater, and then through a cooling device, after which it is introduced into a false torsion friction device. From the latter, the thread is pulled by the feeding device and then wound. Before winding, another heater and a feeding device may be provided. Using a friction device of false torsion, the thread under the influence of friction receives twisting in the circumferential direction, which propagates from the friction device back to the heater and again unties in this device (paragraph 27 of the claims).

 Through the heater according to the present invention, the thread can pass at a speed of 1000 m / min or more without any problems with respect to friction or overheating.

 Versions with mounted rings or cuffs also make it possible to rotate the heating zones of the thread at regular intervals under the moving thread in order to ensure uniform self-cleaning of the heating zones of the thread.

 In FIG. 1 is a plan view of the heater ring of FIG. 3; in FIG. 2 is a section along line II-II in FIG. 3; in FIG. 3 is a side view of one embodiment of a heater according to the invention; in FIG. 4 is a side view of another design with rings of small thickness; in FIG. 5 and 6 are side views of helical ring heaters; in FIG. 7 and 8 axial section and axonometric projection of the design with several heating zones; in FIG. 9 is a side view of a heater with circumferentially changing contact lengths of protrusions; in FIG. 10 and 11 axonometric projection on the side and axial section in the design with the heights of the protrusions varying in the circumferential direction; in FIG. 12 is a side view of a design with circumferentially changing contact lengths and heights of protrusions; in FIG. 13A and 13B are a plan view and a projection of a heater with two filament paths; in FIG. 14- FIG. 18 top and side views of heaters with a varying height of jumpers and with two lines of thread paths; in FIG. 19 is a side view of a heater with a cuff and rings on; in FIG. 20 is a side view of a heater with a cuff and two thread travel lines; in FIG. 21A and 21B are a view of a cuff and a perspective view of a heater in which the cuff has various forms of recesses; in FIG. 22A and 22B telescopic telescopic heater; in FIG. 23 and 24 a schematic representation of a machine for texturing yarns by false torsion with measuring yarn tension and measuring yarn temperature.

 In the following description of the various embodiments of the invention, the same designations are used for the same details.

 Legend: 1 heating pipe; 2 ring, ring segment; 3 strut; 4 deepening; 5 slot; 6 resistor; 6a - electric wire; 7 thread; 8 input thread conductor; 9 output thread conductor; 10 spring clip; 11 entrance section; 12 terminal section; 13 regulatory area; 14 direction of the thread; 15 - direction of travel; 16 incision; 17 axis of the pipe; 18 power device; 19 - cooling strip; 20 false torsion device; 21 power device; 22 temperature sensor; 23 stepper motor; 24 device for measuring traction; 25a, 25b a heating zone of a thread; 26 thread guide lever; 27 eccentricity; 30 heater; 31 thread guide, jumper, ring; 32 blank; 33 cuffs; 33a, 33b axial portion of the cuff; 34 recess; 35 notch; 36 notch; 37 jumper; 38 jumper; 39 jumper; 40 - the middle line; 41 isolation; 42 longitudinal slot, slot, styling slot; 43 guide groove; 44 hole; 45 axial fixation.

 All the heaters shown are made in the form of a pipe 1, which is hereinafter referred to as a heating pipe. The heating pipe is a straight circular cylinder. The pipe may be in the form of a body of revolution, part of the body of revolution or a segment of the body of revolution in order to ensure the thread runs along a spiral line, as described below.

 The heating pipe 1 carries one or more heating resistors 6 running parallel to each other inside. The resistive heating element is made in the form of a cartridge and is placed along the entire length of the heater. In the above example, heating resistors are placed along the entire length of the heating pipe. The heating pipe 1 consists of a material with good thermal conductivity, for example, steel or preferably copper-aluminum alloy. The number 6a indicates the electrical supply wires. It should be noted that the shown heater is actually enclosed in an insulating casing in which there is a radial slot for laying the thread and which forms an annular gap with respect to the heating pipe. A thread runs through this annular gap. On the heating pipe 1 there are several jumpers. In the zone of passage of the thread, these jumpers are made in the form of annular segments, also called rings.

 The outer surface of the annular segments may be spherical. It has properties favorable from the point of view of contact with the thread and wear resistance, that is, it exerts as little friction on the moving thread. The periphery of the rings serves as a guide for the thread 7, which is guided by the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 to the peripheral surface of the annular segments. The input thread conductor 8 is offset relative to the output thread conductor 9 in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe. This means that the thread 7 bends around the heating pipe in a spiral or helical line, the rise of which depends on the mutual circumferential displacement of the thread conductors 8 and 9. This helical line has a curvature that depends on the radius of the rings, the length of the heating pipe, and the axial distance between the thread conductors 8 and 9, as well as from the circumferential displacement of the latter. These values are selected so that the radius of curvature of the trajectory of the thread is in the range of 5-25 mm, preferably in the range of 10-25 mm. However, it should be emphasized that in no case should the thread touch the heating surface, that is, the outer surface of the heating pipe. In accordance with this, it is necessary to choose the diameter of the pipe, the height of the rings above its outer surface, as well as the rise of the helical line along which the thread passes. At least one of the thread conductors has the ability to move relative to the other around the axis of the heating pipe 1, preferably by rotation, so that the trajectory of the thread above the disks 2 can be changed by changing the elevation of the helix formed by the thread 7.

 The annular segments may be in the form of rings along the entire periphery of the heating pipe. Then you can use the entire periphery of the heating pipe to pass several threads at once and / or to bring one thread to a less worn or dirty part of the periphery.

 The annular segments should be located at least in that corner portion of the periphery that the helix of the thread occupies. This gives the advantage that the thread can fit everywhere the same. If, in addition, consecutively located annular segments are displaced at the periphery along the line of passage of the thread, then here a relative shift of the trajectory of the thread to less worn and / or contaminated parts of the periphery of the annular segments is possible.

 If consecutively arranged annular segments are offset at the periphery in accordance with the rise of the helix along which the thread is guided above the periphery of the heating pipe, then the length of the annular segments in the circumferential direction can be reduced to the length necessary for the thread to pass. Then the annular segments become protrusions on the heating surface. However, such a shortening has those drawbacks that the thread can be laid with great difficulty, that the helix of the thread is determined by the sequence of shortened protrusions and can no longer be changed, and that it is impossible to switch to a new peripheral section when the contact area with the thread is contaminated.

Each annular segment is located in the normal plane of the heating pipe, that is, in a plane crossing the axis of the heating pipe at right angles. However, technologically easily feasible and other provisions are possible, depicted, in particular, in FIG. 4-6, as well as in FIG. 20 and 21 and related to the designs described below. In any case, the annular segments belonging to the same line of passage of the thread are always located in a group of parallel planes. If the ring segments do not lie in the normal plane of the heating pipe, that is, they cross the generatrix of the cylinder line at an angle of not 90 ^o , then the rise of the helical path of the thread should be chosen directed against the inclination of the rings relative to this generatrix. In this case, by raising the helical path of the thread, the angle between the helical path of the thread and the generatrix line of the heating pipe is also called. Due to the opposite direction of the rise or inclination, a short contact length of the thread with each annular segment and a reliable orientation on it are achieved.

 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1-3, the following principle applies: the annular segments are made in the form of separate structural elements of a disk shape and are worn on the heating pipe 1. Shown separately in FIG. 1 and 2, the disks 2 are equipped in their simplest form with a cylindrical hole of round shape, which is closely fitted to the outer diameter of the pipe. With this hole, the discs are “put on” to the pipe. As a result, they are in good heat-conducting contact with the heating pipe. In the preferred embodiment shown here, the disks are provided with a radial slot 5, the width of which corresponds mainly to the diameter of the heating pipe 1, and whose opposite faces are parallel to each other. The outer edge of the discs 2 is spherical. At one end of the disks there is a recess or hole 4. From the opposite end of the disk 2, a pin 3 acts as a spacer, the distance of which from the axis of the disk corresponds to the distance of the holes 4 from the same axis. It is sufficient if there is only one such hole 4 in each disk. However, it is advisable to provide, as shown in FIG. 1, several holes 4 located around a circle concentric with respect to the axis of the heating pipe at the same distance from one another and from the axis of the disk 2.

 The disks 2 are located on the heating pipe 1 in such a way that the pin 3 protruding from one disk 2 enters the hole 4 of the disk adjacent to the axis. Preferably, the disks 2 are mounted on a heating pipe with uniform angular mutual displacement, as a result of which slots 5 and pins 3 surround the heating pipe along a helical line. If, as shown in FIG. 1, in the disks there are many fixing holes on one circumference, then you can adjust the helix on which the slots lie, adapting it to the helical path along which the thread bends around the heating pipe (see below). In order to fix the rings 2 to the pipe 1, it is possible to insert a wire spring bracket 10 into the slots 5, which abuts against the opposite walls of the slot with its ends and elastically abuts the pipe 1. Having removed this bracket, each disk can be removed from the pipe and replaced his. This is especially important if one of the disks has unacceptable wear.

 The thread conductors 8 and 9 are located on both sides of the slot 5, and the helical path of the thread 7 runs along the portion of the disks 2 located outside the slot 5. The helical line on which the pins 3 and, respectively, the slots 5 correspond in their direction of rise, as well as mainly on the step of lifting the helical trajectory of the thread. Due to this, the entire periphery of the disks outside the slots 5 can be used to vary the trajectory of the thread.

 Preferably, discs should be made of heat-resistant and scale-resistant material, for example, aluminum oxide or titanium oxide. In order to increase the wear resistance of the edges of the disks, a layer of the corresponding metal can be applied to them, and to increase the properties that favor favorable contact with the threads, it is possible to grind or polish the edges of the disks.

 Depicted in FIG. 4, the execution corresponds to that shown in FIG. 1-3, but differs in that the rings 2 are firmly connected to the heating pipe 1, for example, by soldering, and are located at the same distance from one another. However, the rings 2 can also be formed in the form of ribs extruded in the heating pipe at uniform distances. It is also possible to form rings by means of annular grooves cut in the outer surface of the heating pipe 1. The peripheral surface of the rings 2 protruding in the radial direction has a spherical shape and has properties favorable for contact with the threads. The rings 2 serve to guide the thread 7 at a certain distance from the heating surface, that is, the outer surface of the heated pipe 1, and the moving thread bends around the pipe 1 along a helix. As shown schematically, at both ends of the heating pipe 1 are thread conductors 8 and 9, the mutual displacement of which determines the rise of the helical trajectory of the thread. At least one of both thread conductors can be moved relative to the other in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe.

Thanks to this, you can adjust the slope of the helix. Otherwise, the description relating to FIG. 1-3. The main difference from the images in FIG. 1-3 consists in the fact that here the rings are firmly connected to the heating surface, respectively, are part of it. It is possible, in particular, to make rings so that first you need to take a pipe with thicker walls. Then it is necessary to grind those sections of the heating pipe that should have a smaller diameter compared to the rings, thus separating the rings from the rest of the surface. In all cases of execution according to the example of FIG. 4, a very good heat-conducting contact is obtained. This leads to the fact that the contact surface of the rings with the threads has basically the same temperature as the heating surface. Therefore, if the temperature of the heating surface is in the range of self-cleaning, that is, in the range of 300-350 ^o C, then the effect of self-cleaning is obtained on the rings. This means that the remainder of the thread decomposes and in the form of ash is easily removed or even constantly captured by the thread itself, so that no noticeable contamination of the surface or thread occurs.

 In the embodiments of the invention considered so far, the rings are located in the normal planes of the heating pipe 1. In contrast, in the embodiment according to FIG. 5 and 6, the heating pipe is surrounded over its entire length by a ring 2, which has the form of a helical spring, respectively, of a wire coiled in the form of a helical or, equivalently, spiral line. Such a wire can be rigidly connected to the pipe 1, for example, by soldering. However, a helical ring can also be formed by removing part of the material of the wall of the heating pipe. In this embodiment, a particularly good heat-conducting contact is obtained between the ring and the heating pipe with the advantages described above.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 6, the screw protrusion is formed by a wire of flexible elastic material. This spring wire is made in such a way that it can be put on the outer surface of the heating pipe 1 so that it is elastic, tight and with good heat-conducting contact abuts the pipe. Therefore, if possible, flatten the inside of the wire.

 The rise of the wire 2 laid along the helix on the heating pipe 1 can be changed by turning one end of it with respect to the other in the circumferential direction of the pipe and shifting in the axial direction. As a result of this, the rise and length of the heating pipe 1, along which a helical thread guide protrusion changes, changes. In this case, it is possible to avoid increasing or decreasing the diameter of the cylinder, which is described by the said screw thread protrusion and which should correspond to the outer surface of the heating pipe, by relative displacement of both ends of the helical line in the circumferential direction and / or axial direction of the heating pipe, so that the screw protrusion remains consistent with the diameter pipes 1. In FIG. 6, the screw thread guide 2 is depicted by a solid line in an uncompressed state, and a dash-dot line 2a in a compressed state. The increase or decrease in diameter resulting from such a change in the screw protrusion is compensated by the relative movement of the ends of the screw protrusion in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe 1.

 In the embodiments of FIG. 5 and 6, the thread 7 also moves along a helical path, the rise of which is directed against the rise of the helical protrusion, which forms rings 2 here.

 Due to this, in both examples of execution, the contact length between the thread and the ring, respectively, the protrusion, respectively, the wire in individual places the passage of the thread remains as short as possible. On the other hand, it can be seen that the advantage is achieved here, that by a small change in the course of the thread, a significant change in the contact area can be obtained. Further, the advantage of the embodiment according to Fig.6 also lies in the fact that here you can change the density of coverage with which the thread comes into contact with the rings, respectively, the contact surfaces of the screw protrusion. In particular, here you can create areas with increased ring coverage. This is important, first of all, in the regulatory section of the length of the heating pipe. In other length sections, in particular in the inlet and outlet sections, there are no rings at all.

 This can be achieved by either an input and / or output thread conductor 8.9 mounted rotatably in combination with a fixed heating pipe 1, or by using a motionless 8.9 input and / or output thread conductor combined with a rotatable around the longitudinal axis the heating pipe 1, or by using the input and / or output thread conductor having the ability to rotate 8.9 in combination with the rotatable heating pipe 1.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 11, only the output thread conductor 9 is rotatable relative to the pipe, while the input thread conductor 8 is stationary.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 7, the output thread conductor 9, formed as a notch 16, can be rotated relative to the pipe coaxially with it at the lower end of the heating pipe 1 within the angle of rotation 15.

 As you can see, when the output thread conductor 9 is rotated relative to the pipe, the moving thread 7 moves on the rings 2 along a helical path, the geometric parameters of which (slope, rise) depend on the angular position of the notch 16 in the output thread conductor 9.

 As already noted, the design feature of FIG. 4 and 5 consists in the fact that the outer surface of the heating pipe and the rings protruding above it are made as a whole, that is, they are interconnected either by soldering or welding, or they are extruded or cut from the outer surface of the pipe. This feature also applies to the embodiment of FIG. 7-18. This idea of the present invention is suitable, in principle, for all heaters in which the filament is guided by jumpers along a heating surface, preferably curved in the direction of travel of the filament, of the heating surface. First of all, this idea can be implemented in relation to all heaters according to this invention. But here is added another feature that can be applied additionally or as an alternative, including in the versions according to FIG. 3.4 and 5. This refers to the fact that the rings have only a very small height. In this regard, the images in all of FIG. 3-5 are drawn with exaggeration of height. The height of the rings above the heating surface (the outer surface of the heating pipe), equal to the difference between the radii of the ring and the outer surface of the heating pipe, is at least 0.3 mm and does not exceed 5 mm, preferably 3 mm. The favorable range is in the range of 0.5-3 mm. The smallest height is chosen so that the thread does not touch the heating surface of the pipe between the rings. Therefore, the smallest height depends on the distance between the rings and on the radius of the outer surface of the heating pipe. Such a choice of size ensures, on the one hand, good heat transfer to the periphery of the rings, due to which there is always a self-cleaning temperature or, in any case, a very high temperature. On the other hand, this choice of height helps ensure that the thread is guided near the periphery of the outer surface of the heating pipe, where there is no convection of air that interferes with heat transfer. In other words, here the thread is exposed only to heat radiation from the heating surface, that is, the outer surface of the heating pipe. There are no air currents that would lead to cooling or uncontrolled effects on temperature.

 This idea of the invention is suitable, in principle, for all heaters in which the filament is guided by jumpers along a heating surface, preferably curved in the direction of travel of the filament. First of all, this idea can be implemented in relation to all heaters according to this invention.

 In addition, in the embodiments of FIG. 7 and 8 there is another feature.

 The thread 7 is guided first by the input thread conductor 8, then falling into the zone of the periphery of the pipe. With the output thread conductor 9, the thread is guided along the pipe with an axial and circumferential orientation component. In this case, the thread conductor 9 is a disk with a guide notch 16 that can be rotated around the axis of the pipe. FIG. 7 shows a simplified coaxial position of the thread conductor 8 and the notch 16. From FIG. Figure 8 shows that the thread conductor disk 9 is rotated so that the thread, as already noted, is directed above the pipe not only with the axial, but also with the circumferential orientation component, as a result of which it describes a steep helical line. By turning the disk 9, you can adjust the envelope of the pipe with a thread in the circumferential direction. This bending coincides with the bending of the thread. Therefore, by enveloping it is possible to achieve a tight fit of the thread to the pipe, respectively, to the thread guide rings fixed on the pipe.

 The heater consists of three sections, namely the input 11, the regulatory 13 and the final 12. Above the input section 11, the thread is guided by the input thread conductor 8, as well as the first ring of the regulatory section 13, acting as a thread guide 2.1.

 The input thread conductor 8, if possible, does not touch the heater. Due to this, it does not heat up. Therefore, precipitation arising from the heated filament is not formed on the thread conductor 8. The output thread guide of the input section 11 is made, as already indicated, as the first ring 2.1 of the regulatory section 13. In this case, the heating surface facing the thread, that is, the outer surface of the input section 11, is a distance from the thread several times greater than the distance which thread is located from the heating surface of the regulatory section, that is, the zone between the rings 2.1, 2.2, 2.3. The distance of the thread guide 8 from the first thread guide 2.1 of the regulatory section is also several times greater than the distance between the thread guides in the regulatory section. Here, lengths of up to 500 mm can take place. The length here is highly dependent on exposure to vibrations. Preferably, the length of the inlet section 11 is chosen shorter, namely at least such that sufficient preheating of the thread is possible.

 The temperature control system of the heater includes a temperature sensor not shown, which measures the effective actual temperature in the regulatory section 13. This temperature is adjustable. Therefore, the regulatory section has very precise temperature control.

 In the regulatory section 13 there are several thread guides 31. All of these thread guides 31, including the first thread guides 31.1, according to the invention are made in the form of rings that are placed at least in part of the periphery of the regulatory section. These rings have a certain predetermined distance and a certain height above the rest of the outer surface of the regulatory section 13. The number of rings is determined by the susceptibility of the thread to vibrations, as well as heat transfer. The height of the jumpers relative to the surface of the regulatory section is selected small and is preferably not more than 3 mm. It is advisable to take it less than 1.5 mm, but more than 0.3 mm.

These rings are formed by cutting from the outer surface of the regulatory section. Therefore, they have good heat-conducting contact with the heater. Due to their low height, an adjustable temperature is also provided in the contact surfaces of the rings. Therefore, the temperature of the heater, component above 300 ^o C and selected so high that there is decomposition and combustion of adhering residues of the thread, is provided in the contact surfaces of the jumpers 31.1, 31.2, 31.3. Therefore, these thread guides have good self-cleaning properties.

 The width of the rings in the direction of the thread, as in all versions, also has a decisive effect on heat transfer.

To protect the thread, this contact length is chosen short, and a compromise with the requirements of heat transfer is necessary here. The axial distance between the two jumpers (thread guides) also affects the heat transfer. In general, the ratio of the contact length to the distance between the thread guides can be up to 20%, but preferably this ratio should be chosen smaller, preferably less than 10%
The distance to the heating surface, that is, to the outer surface of the inlet portion, is 3-10 times greater than the height of the rings 2 with respect to the outer surface of the regulatory portion. In this regard, the drawings are not drawn to scale.

 At the output section, the thread is again guided by only a few thread guides, namely the ring 2.3 of the regulatory section, which serves as the end thread guide, as well as the previously mentioned disk 9 with its thread guide notch 16. The distance between the thread travel line and the outer surface of the end section 12 is also several times exceeds the height of the thread guide rings 4 with respect to the outer surface of the regulatory section, and here the same proportions of the selection of sizes remain in force as in the input section 11. However, in general scrap distance between thread guides in the final section is less than in the input. The distance between the thread guides is 300 mm, and preferably should be even smaller. The disk 4, mounted on a heating pipe, is also heated as a result of heat transfer to a self-cleaning temperature.

 Otherwise, the same applies to the shape of the rings as was said in the description of FIG. 1-6. In FIG. 7 and 8 show that the rings are made as a unit with the heating pipe.

 As for the embodiment according to FIG. 9, as well as 10 and 11, here the heater, too, as in FIGS. 7 and 8, has an input section 11, respectively, an end section 12, where the radial distance to the moving thread, at the entrance to the heating pipe 1 and / or at the exit from it. 7 more than on the outer surface of the heating pipe 1.

 Between the inlet section 11 and the end section 12, there is a regulatory section 13, which in this case has another distinguishing feature, which, however, is suitable not only for that shown in FIG. 7 and 8 or 9-11 execution with separate input, regulatory and end sections, but also to a uniform or otherwise uneven distribution of rings. As, in particular, seen from FIG. 9 performed by FIG. 10 and 11, and also according to FIG. 9, the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 are rotatable relative to the heating pipe 1, so that an angular zone is formed on the surface of the rings 2 through which the thread 7 can pass due to rotation in the corner zone 15. This creates a zone of possible contact between the thread and the rings. Therefore, the thread 7 can pass within a given angular zone, namely, depending on one or another mutual angular arrangement of the thread conductors 8.9 and pipe 1.

 The embodiment according to FIG. 9 is the peripheral shape of the rings 2.1, 2.2 and possibly 2.3, performing the role of thread guides. These bridges have a circumferential direction of increasing axial dimension (width). Moreover, the bottleneck is not located exactly on the generatrix of the cylinder line, as one would see in FIG. 18, but mainly on a line that is mainly parallel to the path of the thread. True, this trajectory of the thread can be adjusted. Here it is necessary to choose a trajectory that corresponds to normal working conditions. Further, in FIG. 9 around the axis of the heater it is possible to rotate not only the output thread conductor in the form of a disk 9 with a thread guide notch 16, but also the thread guide 8. In this way, the thread path can be shifted over the periphery of the heater in an area in which the contact length of the thread guide rings 31 has the desired size and the desired the ratio of the contact length to the free stroke length between the jumpers. Due to this, it is possible to influence the heat transfer, as well as the smooth movement of the thread. At the same time, too long contact length leads to increased friction of the thread, which is undesirable from the point of view of maintaining the proper quality of the thread.

 Thus, in the embodiments of FIG. 9 and 12 of the ring within a certain angular section through which the thread 7 passes, have a variable width in the circumferential direction. This means that the width B of the ring varies depending on the circumferential coordinate "u" according to the function B (u), which can be set in advance. In this case, the function is linear. Further, with the embodiment according to FIG. 12 is that the rings 2 in the possible contact area with the thread 7 have a height H. varying in the circumferential direction. This means that the height H is a function of the circumferential coordinate "u"; this function is denoted by H (u), respectively.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 9, the width B of the rings increases in that circumferential direction in which the height H of the rings decreases. Therefore, it should be expected that with an increase in the contact time of the thread 7 with the rings due to the increase in the width B of the rings in the noncontact path length between the rings 2, the heat flux entering the thread increases due to the simultaneously decreasing distance between the thread 7 and the outer surface of the pipe.

 In addition to this, in FIG. 10 and 11, it is shown that in the corner zone through which the thread passes, the rings 2 can have a height that varies in the circumferential direction if the width of the rings 2, i.e. the width of the jumpers 2 does not change in this direction. The reverse may also occur; this applies in particular to FIG. 14 and 18, which are described below.

 Thus, it should be emphasized that both of these forms of execution of the invention, that is, rings of variable width and rings of variable height, can be used both in mutual combination and separately.

 The width B of the rings may also vary in steps. This means that the width B remains constant for some extent, and at a certain value of the circumferential coordinate, it increases stepwise, for example, from a certain smaller width to a larger one.

 The foregoing applies to a change in the height H of the rings. Due to this, a small lateral displacement of the contact zone between the thread and the ring in them remains without affecting the heat transfer between the heated surface and the thread.

 In the embodiments of FIG. 9-11, the rings are formed by cutting annular grooves in the pipe surface, between which, according to the invention, rings for the moving thread 7 remain. In the embodiment of FIG. 10, 11 these grooves on the periphery of the surface of the heating pipe have different depths, and according to FIG. 9 different widths.

 The functional meaning of such executions is as follows.

The heat transfer from the heating pipe 1 to the thread 7 occurs, on the one hand, in the contact zones formed between the rings 2 and the thread 7. Further, there is a heat flux into the thread 7 in lengths between the rings 2, where the thread does not touch them. Since the bottom of the annular grooves between the rings 2 is located from the moving thread at a distance of not more than a few millimeters, for example, from 0.3 to about 5 mm, when the temperature of the heating pipe 1 is of the order of 300 ^o C or more, in particular, at a temperature at corresponding to self-cleaning, one should proceed from the fact that an effective heat flux also occurs in non-contact zones of length.

 Therefore, the total heat flux acting on the filament will be a function of the geometric parameters of the filament travel with respect to the heating pipe, since the contact length and non-contact length sections, as well as the height of the ring, depend on the location of the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 with respect to the heating pipe 1 Thus, the contact ratio and the height of the rings are the determining parameters for heat transfer. In this case, the contact ratio should be understood as the ratio of the contact length of the thread with each ring to the length of the contactless distance to the next ring.

 Rings with different heights at different places on the periphery can be made, for example, in the form of a round cylinder, but so that they are eccentric with respect to the axis of the pipe. However, you can give them an elliptical or other shape.

 Such variation in heat transfer is described further in FIG. 14-18 and 21. With this design, each time it is possible to fine-tune the transmitted heat flux by appropriate location of the thread stroke on the periphery of the heating pipe. Even a very small change in the angular positions relative to each other leads to a noticeable change in the heat flux acting on the thread and the temperature reached in it. This circumstance is used according to the invention in a machine for texturing the thread by the method of false torsion, as will be discussed below.

 It was already noted above that the thread is guided along the heating pipe along a helical or spiral path. If in the designs of the heating pipe according to FIG. 9-11, where the rings in the circumferential direction have a changing contact width and / or a changing height above the outer surface of the heating pipe, it must be taken into account that the thread always touches the rings only in places of the same contact width, respectively the same height, then the successively arranged rings will need to be shifted according to their contact width, respectively, the height in the circumferential direction along the helical path of the thread. If the slope of the helix can be adjusted by moving one of the thread conductors 8 or 9, then it is enough to provide a shift between successive rings that is equal to the average value of the rise for which the helical path of the thread is adjusted. Then the contact width and height on successively arranged rings will be at least approximately the same. 2 Instead of a graphic image, which is difficult to make clear enough, it is necessary to proceed from the fact that in FIG. 9-11 sequentially arranged rings 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, etc. each offset in a circumferential direction by a certain angle. This angle corresponds to the aforementioned average value of the adjustable rise of the helical path of the thread.

 However, this circumferential shift of the rings can also be deliberately neglected and the rings arranged one after another so that places of the same width and / or the same height are located along the generatrix of the pipe line. Thus, you can set a different contact ratio and / or height of the rings along the path of the thread, and thereby different heat transfer along the length of the thread.

 In all forms of the heater according to the invention, at least one moving thread can be heated. However, by applying several pairs of input thread conductors 8 and output thread conductors 9 at the periphery, it is possible to simultaneously process a larger number of moving threads. To do this, it is necessary to shift the output thread conductors 9 relative to the input thread conductors 8, respectively, in the same way in the circumferential direction. In this case, all the threads will move over the periphery of the heating pipe along an equally directed helical path. The scan in FIG. 13 shows a design in which two threads move along their helical paths in opposite directions.

 The following describes FIG. 13a and 13b. In FIG. 13a shows a normal section through such a heater, the insulation 41 surrounding the heating pipe being shown. In FIG. 13b shows a sweep view of the heater in the direction of the arrow directed toward the slot 42 in the insulating layer.

 Insulation 41 surrounds the heating pipe 1 in the form of a tube-like casing. This tube-shaped casing 41 has a longitudinal slot 42 on its outer surface. The slot has a width of several millimeters in order to eliminate heat loss. It goes without saying that the insulating casing 41 at its ends is also covered not shown in FIG. 13a by an insulating layer. The width of the slot 42 is shown in FIG. 13a and 13b enlarged. The output thread conductors 9 are installed motionless and are located along the width of the slot inside it. However, they can be moved between the depicted position and the position shifted further from the midline 40 of the slot 42. In FIG. 13b, the insulating casing 41, as already noted, is shown in a sweep and is shown in bold lines.

 The input thread conductors 8 can in any case be shifted from their stacking position shown in FIG. 13b by dashed lines in the opposite direction (arrow) to their operating position.

 Under the insulation 41 is also an invisible surface of the heating pipe.

 As can be seen from FIG. 13a, there is a narrow gap between the insulation 41 and the heating pipe, respectively the rings adjacent to it, in the peripheral zone where the thread can be moved. When the input thread conductors 8 are displaced in the opposite direction from the laying position, coaxial with the slot 42, to the working position of the thread on the periphery of the rings 2 are directed along a helical line, and the helical lines of both threads have the opposite rise.

 Although the output thread conductors 9 can be shifted from the position opposite to the laying position, which coincides with the longitudinal slot 42, to the working position, of course, the input thread conductors 8 need to be moved even further so as to give each thread a helical shape of the desired rise. It should be noted that both thread conductors 8 and 9 can also be fixedly mounted in the indicated operating positions. This is especially the case when the output thread conductors 9 can actually be replaced by the through grooves of the cooling bars 19 shown in Fig. 13b, but, in any case, they must coincide with these grooves. In this case, the input thread pulled for styling and guided by the suction gun is first placed in the input thread guide, then it is passed through the longitudinal slot 42, then it is pulled to the side and inserted into the output thread conductor 9, which in any case preferably coincides with the longitudinal slot 42. accordingly is close to it.

 Examples of execution have already been described in which the contact ratio and / or the height of the rings changes in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe 1, in connection with which, by shifting the trajectory of the thread in the circumferential direction, the heat input can be changed. In FIG. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 schematically illustrate embodiments of such rings, by means of which two threads are heat-treated on a heating pipe.

In the embodiment of FIG. 10 of the ring 2 are eccentric with respect to the axis of the pipe 17, and the eccentricities of the consecutive rings are mutually offset by 180 ^o .

 The advantage of this design is that as a result of relative rotation in the same direction of the movement lines of the 7.1 and 7.2 threads with respect to the heating pipe, the height of the rings at the points of passage of the threads changes symmetrically and equally.

 In FIG. 15-17 show designs with two zones 25 of the passage of threads through the heating pipe 1.

 In each of the heating zones 25a, respectively 25b, several jumpers (annular segments 2) are arranged sequentially in the axial direction on the heated surface, and the height of the rings above the heated surface is not less than 0.1 mm, but not more than 5 mm.

 In other words, the height of the rings 2 above the heated surface should be no more than about 5 mm in order to be able to take advantage of the heater according to this invention, in particular self-cleaning and fine adjustment.

 The width B of the rings 2 changes in the circumferential direction. It must be emphasized that this alone or in combination with a varying ring height H in the circumferential direction can provide an advantage according to the invention. In this case, with increasing width, the height would have to decrease if it is necessary to intensify the heating effect by passing the thread in the zone of increased width.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 15, the width increases on both sides of the line forming the surface of the heating pipe 1. Therefore, if one thread 7 is passed on both sides of the generatrix, then when the pipe is rotated in one direction relative to the passage lines of both threads, the opposite change in thermal effect is obtained. Such a need may arise. If this is not necessary, then it is possible to move in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe the thread conductors 8 and 9 intended for one thread, separately from the thread conductors for another thread. For this, the thread conductors 8 and 9 are mounted on levers that can be rotated around the axis of the heating pipe. As can be seen from FIG. 16, it may also be appropriate to provide the rings, the width B, as well as the height H of which varies in the circumferential direction, only one passage zone of the thread, while in the other of both zones of the passage of the thread, the width B and the ring height H remain constant.

 In this case, for one (left) thread stroke, it is not necessary to provide for the possibility of moving the input 8, respectively, output 9 conductor relative to the heating pipe.

 However, for another (right) stroke of the thread, it is possible to move this stroke relative to the heating pipe, for example, by moving the respective thread conductors 8 and 9. By means of such a movement, the heating effect on one thread can be adjusted to the heating effect on another thread.

 In all versions of this invention, in which there is a relative movement between the heating pipe and the thread, this movement in the circumferential direction can be performed by turning the pipe while the thread is stationary. In machines for texturing yarns using the false torsion method, this method is most suitable, because the yarn travel is determined by the design of the machine and changing the yarn travel has a negative effect on the yarn tension and other process parameters. However, in other cases, relative movement can be carried out in such a way that each input line of the thread is synchronously moved input, respectively output thread conductors 8 and 9, which, for example, are mounted in the final section of the heater on the rotary levers 26. However, a change in the heating effect is possible by the relative the movement of the thread guides, that is, by changing the elevation of the path of the thread.

 To enable synchronous rotation, the thread guide levers can be connected by gear. In the embodiment of FIG. 16, it can be achieved that the quality of the two threads passing through the heater will be the same or intentionally adjust it to a different level. To the embodiment of FIG. 17 basically all that is said with respect to FIG. 15 and 16. The peculiarity here is that for the right line of the thread in the circumferential direction, only the width of the rings increases, while their height above the outer surface of the heating pipe 1 remains constant. As for the left line of the thread, the width B of the ring increases in the circumferential direction in the opposite direction compared to the other side, while the height H of the ring decreases. With this design, it is advisable to move the right and left lines of the thread path independently from each other by correspondingly moving the input 8 and output 9 thread conductors, achieving a change in the steepness of the helical path or parallel shift of it. This also applies to all designs with varying ring widths or heights. As a result of the circumferential movement of the filament paths, the heating effect changes in different ways. In particular, it is possible to implement not only an absolute change in the heating effect on each thread, but also a relative change in the heating effect, and thereby adjust the achieved target temperature accordingly.

 In FIG. 18a-18e are only a schematic axial view of the heating pipe with rings 2, the height of which above the outer surface of the heating pipe changes in the circumferential direction.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 16a-16c, this is achieved in that the rings are elliptical and arranged concentrically with respect to the heating tube having the shape of a circular cylinder. In this case, it is possible to arrange the heating zones 25a and 25b of the threads diametrically opposite and in this case, install the input and output thread conductors 8 and 9 on the corresponding levers 26 so that the threads pass in places with the same operating conditions. A prerequisite for this is that both threads move along helical paths in the same direction. In this case, the synchronous movement of both filament conductors (input 8 and output 9) leads to a congruent change in both trajectories and operating conditions in which the filaments are located. The same applies to the synchronous movement of both output thread conductors 9. Therefore, a pair of input thread conductors 8 and a pair of output thread conductors 9 can respectively be on the same lever, which can be rotated around the axis of the heating pipe.

 The yaw line depicted in FIG. 18c is particularly favorable. Here, each of the strands 7 passes exclusively within the quadrants enclosed between the long and short semi-axes of the ellipse. As you can see, in the selected quadrants, the heat transfer from the heating pipe 1 to the filaments continuously increases along the entire length of the filament between the input and output filament conductors 8 and 9. This is because when the filament passes in these quadrants between the filament on the input filament conductor 8 and heating tube 1 there is a large distance, which, as the filament passes towards the output thread conductor 9, decreases noticeably, assuming its smallest value in the output thread conductor 9.

 Thus, in all these designs, the distribution of heat transfer along the entire length of the passage of the filament between the input and output conductors 8 and 9 becomes adjustable, as well as the total amount of heat transferred.

 With the elliptical shape of the rings according to FIG. 18a-18c and arranging the yarn paths in the quadrants of FIGS. 18c, with the same direction of elevation of the filament path selected for this adjustment method, the entire zone of rings 2 can be used between the minimum distance in the minor axis section of the ellipse and the maximum distance in the major axis section of the ellipse.

 Therefore, within these possible lines of contact of the thread, optimal heat transfer can be expected with a certain relative location of the input and output conductors 8 and 9, and in this case, there is a continuously increasing heat transfer from the pipe to the thread along the line of motion of the thread.

 Therefore, in this embodiment, “two opposite places of ellipses” means two peripheral sections of the ellipse that are diametrically opposed to the intersection point of the major and minor axes of the ellipse.

 In the embodiment of FIG. Eccentrically arranged rings 2 are shown in Figs. 18d and 18e. They have a circular shape, and the center of the circumference of the jumper 2 is offset from the center of the circumference of the heating pipe 1 by the eccentricity 27. In this case, the eccentricities of all the rings are located on the same side of the axis in the common axial plane of the heating pipes 1.

 The input and output thread conductors are installed separately for each thread, respectively, on one lever 26, and these levers can be rotated in the circumferential direction relative to the center of the ring 2, exerting the same effect on the heated thread. In other words, both strands 7.1 and 7.2 are guided along trajectories that are helical lines in the opposite direction.

 Thus, it is achieved that with the simultaneous movement of only the input thread conductors 8 or only the output thread conductors 9, the heat flux in both threads has the same effect, bearing in mind both the distribution of heat flux along the length of the thread exposed to the heating pipe and the total amount of heat.

As shown further in FIG. 18e, which shows a position rotated 180 ^° in comparison with FIG. 18d, in this way it is possible to optimally affect the heat transfer from the heating pipe 1 to the filament 7. While in FIG. 18d, the incoming thread in the region of the input thread conductor 8 is at a relatively large distance from the heated surface of the pipe 1, and the output thread, on the contrary, is at a relatively small distance from it, the conditions in FIG. 18e are completely opposite. Here, the incoming thread in the zone of the input thread conductor 8 is relatively hot, since it is at a very small distance from the surface of the heating pipe 1, while the output thread in the zone of the output thread conductor 9 is from a heated surface at a relatively large distance.

 In the embodiments of FIG. 9-18 there is the possibility of a very thin, corresponding to the specific parameters of the thread regulation of the effect of heat on the thread. Therefore, even with thin titers, it is possible to always carry out the process at the self-cleaning temperature by adjusting the contact ratio and / or the distance of the thread from the heating pipe and jumpers. At the same time, it is possible to heat the threads without damage in any other modes.

 First of all, the invention allows using the same heater to simultaneously process filament yarns of different titers, for example, 20 or 40 denier, if the relative position of the transmitted yarn and the heated surface is properly adjusted.

 In all these designs, it is possible to use the same heater without changing or adjusting the temperature of the heated surface to carry out various heat fluxes and achieve the set temperatures only by choosing the relative location of the thread line and the heater. In the same way, you can adapt to the specific thickness of the thread (titer, denier) and to the material (polyester, nylon) or to the required different quality of the thread.

 Until now, embodiments of the invention have been described in which the rings 2 are worn on the heating pipe in the form of separate structural elements or rigidly connected to the heating pipe and are an integral part thereof. With reference to FIG. Figures 19-22 describe the performance in which the rings in their entirety are an integral part of an independent structural element. To all executions according to FIG. 19-22 is a characteristic feature: the cuff 33 is put on the heating pipe in the form of a circular cylinder 1. It is a thin shield that fits snugly on the contour of the heating pipe, at least in the passage and heating of the thread. It can be made in the form of a segment of a circular cylinder, fixed by springs or tapes on the heating pipe. In the embodiments of FIG. 19-22 the cuff is made in the form of a round cylindrical pipe, the inner diameter of which with a minimum tolerance corresponds to the outer diameter of the heating pipe. In the axial direction, the cuff carries rings 2 according to the invention. Shown in FIG. 19-22 performances vary in terms of ring performance. In the axial direction, the cuff is fixed by the washer 45. However, the cuff is rotatable. For this, there are holes 44 on its periphery into which a corresponding tool can be inserted, by means of which the cuff is rotated. It can, however, be provided for the cuff according to FIG. 19 and a permanent rotary drive.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 19 cuff in several normal sections, at least in the area of passage of the thread is made corrugated. Such corrugation can be formed, for example, by rolling and / or settling the pipe in the axial direction. As a result, several rings 2 extruded outwardly form on the periphery. One or more threads can be passed along the outer surface of the corrugation.

 This design is particularly advantageous when it comes to dealing with severe contamination of the heater. In this case, the peripherally symmetrical cuff can be rotated periodically manually or continuously and slowly using a drive not shown in the drawing. As a result of this, the moving thread constantly captures the precipitation formed on the rings. This allows you to significantly increase the time intervals after which the heater is cleaned. The stains carried away by the thread have no effect on the quality of the thread.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 20 and 21a, respectively 21b, the cuff is provided with rings by placing a plurality of recesses 34 in its walls, which are arranged in accordance with a predetermined thread path. These recesses 34 are openings in the wall. In FIG. 20 shows a scan of a surface that basically corresponds to the image in FIG. 13a and 13b. In this regard, you can refer to the description of these figures. However, if in the embodiment of FIG. The rings 13a, 13b are an integral part of the heating pipe, then according to FIG. 20 they are formed by the said recesses 34. These recesses 34 are located along the periphery of the cuff. The recesses 34, one after the other in the axial direction, are shifted by a certain angle in the circumferential direction of the cuff in accordance with the average predetermined line of the thread. The recesses 34 are rectangles whose longitudinal edges in the circumferential direction are respectively in the normal plane. Therefore, between the adjacent recesses 34, annular segments are formed in the form of jumpers, which, within the meaning of the invention, act as rings. In the embodiment of FIG. 20, one after the other, two rows of recesses 34 are provided with mutual axial displacement symmetrically with respect to the midline 40, whereby with the help of input and output thread conductors 8 and 9, two threads can be directed above the recesses, respectively. The circumferential location of the recesses is selected large enough so that the desired line of thread travel can be adjusted.

 In carrying out the invention of FIG. 21a, 21b, the cuff 33 is also made in the form of a hollow cylinder mounted on the heating pipe 1. Moreover, the inner diameter of the hollow cylinder with a tight tolerance corresponds to the outer diameter of the heating pipe. This cylinder is fixed from axial shift along the heating pipe 1, but can be rotated on it, and under certain conditions this rotation can occur after the release of any (not shown in the drawing) latch. In the embodiment of FIG. 21b, two threads are passed through opposite sides of the cuff. The corresponding input and output thread conductors 8 and 9 are not shown, so as not to interfere with the clarity of the image. Therefore, the threads are shown not in accordance with the helix along which they move in operation, but are shown only schematically parallel to the axis. However, everything that has been said before refers to the orientation of the threads. In particular, all that was indicated in the description of the execution according to FIG. 20 remains valid.

 The embodiment of FIG. 21a, 21b differs in that the recesses 34 are arranged in a row parallel to the axis of the heating pipe, forming annular segments 2 of the same width between them. The annular segments 2 serve as guide bridges for one of the threads 7 and have the same axial width. Due to the fact that the cuff 33 can be rotated on the heating pipe 1, it becomes possible, within a certain distance covered by the jumpers 32 on the periphery of the cuff, to pass the thread 7 through a clean place, which, taking into account the temperature mentioned above, further enhances the self-cleaning effect of the jumpers. A series of recesses 34 of the same shape is located along the line of travel of the second thread 7 in the area diametrically opposite to the recesses 34.

 In the circumferential direction, another row of recesses 35, which are trapezoidal, is adjacent to the row of rectangular recesses 34. These recesses form wedge-shaped annular segments between themselves, indicated by the number 38. A similar row of trapezoidal recesses 35, respectively wedge-shaped annular segments for the second thread, is diametrically opposed to this row. Thus, it was possible by simply turning the cuff 33 relative to the heating pipe 1 to change the length of the heating surfaces that come into contact with the thread.

 In the circumferential direction, another row of serially arranged recesses 36 is adjacent to the row of trapezoidal recesses 36. Here we mean recesses that are relatively narrow in the axial direction, but leave wide annular segments 2 between them, which create an increased area for the filament 7 contact. In accordance with other recesses for the recesses 36, a diametrically opposite row of recesses 36 is also provided with corresponding annular segments forming a second thread line.

 In FIG. 21a shows an enlarged cuff scan. The recesses of each row have the same shape and are located at the same distance from each other. Between the recesses are ring segments located in the circumferential direction. Binding jumpers remaining in the circumferential direction of the cuff 32 between the individual rows of recesses are important for the strength of the structure of the cuff, but, in addition, only affect the uniform distribution of heat.

 The cuff wall has a thickness of 0.1 mm (almost 0.3 mm) to 5 mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm. Due to this, it is achieved that with this design, the radial distance between the outer surface of the heating pipe 1 and the surface of the annular segments corresponds to the previously mentioned ring height sizes, being in the range already considered from 0.1 mm (almost 0.3 mm) to 5 mm, preferably 0.5-3 mm.

 The cuff 33 may be provided with recesses of a different shape, satisfying other working conditions.

The cuff is an inexpensive part that can be easily put on, removed and replaced. The shape of the recesses and thereby the rings, respectively of the annular segments, is unlimited within the size of the cuff. Therefore, a special advantage of this design should be considered that the cuff design from the point of view of the contact ratio (the ratio of the width of the annular segments to the width of the recesses, respectively, in the direction of the thread), the number and distribution of rings can be selected for each specific case (thread titer, thread speed, filament material, set temperature, torsion, etc.)
In the embodiments of the invention according to FIG. 22a and 22b, it is common that the cuff with jumpers or rings 2 for passing the thread consists of tubular sections 33. These sections, which are located one after the other in the axial direction, can be telescopically retracted one from the other in both versions. For this, two neighboring sections are provided with connecting necks so that the outer diameter of the neck of one tubular section corresponds with a tight tolerance to the inner diameter of the neck of another section. The tubular sections are worn on the heating pipe 1.

 In the embodiment of FIG. 22a, the tubular sections 33 consist respectively of an axial portion 33a of a larger diameter and an axial portion 33b of a smaller outer diameter, the latter corresponding to the inner diameter of the axial portion 33a with a larger outer diameter. It is advisable in the inner cavity of the axial portion 33a of the larger outer diameter and on the outer surface of the axial portion 33b of the smaller outer diameter to cut the thread G, with which you can connect the individual tubular sections 1 '. Under certain conditions, threaded connections can be locked with lock nuts K, so that the relative axial position of the tubular sections can be precisely adjusted.

 On the outer periphery of the larger diameter tubular portion 33a there is respectively a ring 2. Referring to FIG. 22b, the embodiment is different from the embodiment of FIG. 22a in that successively arranged tubular portions have alternately small and large diameters. The outer diameters of the sections located inside correspond to the inner diameters of the sections located outside. The tubular sections are interconnected using an external, respectively internal thread G and, under certain conditions, are locked with a lock nut K in their position. Large tubular sections are provided on their outer periphery with a thread guide ring, respectively, with the rings 2 being shown to increase in width in the longitudinal direction of the cuff.

 Otherwise, what has already been said about other forms of execution also applies to these heater designs and their thread guide rings. In particular, the rings may be made in accordance with the instructions made with respect to the embodiments of FIG. 9-12.

 The heater according to the invention under consideration finds a preferred application in a machine for texturing yarns by false torsion. Such a machine is described, for example, in patent DE-PS 37 19 050; it includes a number of feeding bobbins, from which the thread is accordingly drawn; a heating device through which each thread is guided; a cooling device through which the thread is guided; false torsion device, through which each thread receives temporary torsion; as well as input and output feeding devices that pull the threads from the feeding bobbins or false torsion devices. At the end, each thread is wound onto a take-up spool. All heaters according to the invention can be used primarily as heaters installed in the zone of false torsion.

 Further, in FIG. 23 and 24, it is shown that the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 can be moved relative to each other or together in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe 1. The movement of the thread conductors is carried out by step motors 23. Alternatively, the heating pipe can also be rotated. There are rings on it which are made in accordance with FIG. 9-12. Alternatively, the cuff according to FIG. 20 or 21. In any case, the rings are made in such a way that the contact ratio and / or the height of the rings above the heating surface changes in the circumferential direction the same for all rings or differently.

 In a false torsion texturing machine according to FIG. 23, the rotation of the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 is carried out by a stepper motor 23 depending on the temperature of the thread measured at the outlet of the heater.

 To do this, use the temperature sensor 22 installed in the zone of exit from the heating pipe 1 and issuing a signal, under the action of which stepper motors 23 are activated, moving the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 depending on the temperature.

 It should be emphasized that the signal about the thread tension generated by the device 24 for measuring traction force, which is located in this case behind the heater, can also be superimposed on the measuring signal from the temperature sensor 22.

 Alternatively, the embodiment of FIG. 24. In this machine for texturing yarns by the method of false torsion behind the friction device 20 false torsion, the tension of the thread is measured by means of the device 24, which measures traction force. Stepper motors, with which the input thread conductor 8 and the output thread conductor 9 are controlled, receive a control signal from the device 24 for measuring traction force and cause the heating pipe to move in the circumferential direction. Experience has shown that the pulling force of the thread that occurs during the process after the thread comes out of the false twist is an indicator of all product parameters that characterize the quality of the textured thread. Choosing a certain line of the thread along the periphery of the heating pipe in order to affect the heat transfer and temperature of the thread, it is possible to achieve, within certain limits, that the pulling force of the thread behind the false torsion device remains constant. If these limits are exceeded, it is necessary to adjust or adjust other process parameters. In the embodiments of FIG. 23 and 24, the false torsion yarn texturing machines with heaters according to the invention have the advantage that the effective current heat transfer from the heater to the yarn can be extremely finely controlled with regard to process optimization and that, in addition, very precise control of the yarn temperature can take place so that along the entire length of the movement of the thread, optimum thread quality was achieved.

Claims (27)

 1. A heater for heating a moving thermoplastic filament, comprising a heating surface with thread guides located on it, along which a thread is directed along the heating surface and at a certain distance from it, thread conductors at the heater inlet and outlet, characterized in that the heating surface is corrugated transversely to the longitudinal direction the outer surface of the heating pipe, while the thread guides are made in the form of annular segments mounted on the heating pipe baa and disposed on at least part of its periphery, and the guide of mutually displaced in the circumferential direction of the heating tube to ensure movement of the yarn along the latter by a steep helical line to contact the outer contour of the ring segments and the non-contact displacement with an outer surface heating tube.  2. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the annular segments are made in the form of a protrusion enveloping the heating pipe along a helical line.  3. The heater according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the annular segments are formed using ring-shaped structural elements and have an inner contour corresponding with a tight tolerance to the outer contour of the heating pipe, and are worn on the latter at some axial distance from each other, and the difference between the radii of the outer and inner surfaces of the annular segments on which they protrude above the surface of the heating pipe is 0.1 5.0 mm, preferably 0.5 3.0 mm.  4. The heater according to claim 3, characterized in that the annular structural elements are provided with a radial slot between their inner and outer periphery, the width of which is at least equal to the diameter of the heating pipe, and the slots in the axially adjacent structural elements are offset by a certain angle around the periphery heating pipe along the helix along which the thread is directed.  5. The heater according to claim 4, characterized in that each ring-shaped structural element has on one side an axially extending pin serving as a spacer, and on the other hand at least one blind hole for engaging with the pin, the pins and holes in the axially adjacent annular elements are displaced relative to the radial slot by a certain angle around the periphery of the heating pipe, while the radial slots in successively arranged annular elements are located enes on the helix corresponding screw thread lines.  6. The heater according to claim 5, characterized in that in each structural element there are several recesses located with a certain angular displacement around the circumference concentric with respect to the heating pipe, while the spacers of two structural elements adjacent in the axial direction when interacting with the recesses form raster  7. The heater according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that it has a spring clip mounted to move between the side faces of the slots in the structural elements, the bracket elastically adjoining with its middle portion to the outer surface of the heating pipe to fix the ring-shaped structural elements.  8. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses are made in the heating surface, successively located in the circumferential direction at least on the periphery of the heating pipe and having a limited length in the axial direction, while between each two axially adjacent recesses is located a jumper acting as an annular segment for guiding the thread, wherein the depth of the recesses is 0.1 5.0 mm, preferably 0.5 3.0 mm.  9. A heater for heating a moving thermoplastic filament, comprising a heating surface with thread guides located on it, along which a thread is directed along the heating surface and at a certain distance from it, thread conductors at the heater inlet and outlet, characterized in that the heating surface is curved and has a series located recesses of limited length in the direction of the thread, with each thread guide made in the form of a bridge between two adjacent in the axial The direction of the grooves, the depth of the recesses is 0.1 5.0 mm, preferably 0.5 to 3.0 mm.  10. The heater according to claim 9, characterized in that the jumpers have a height relative to the heating surface in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably in the range of 0.5 to 3.0 mm.  11. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thin-walled cuff, worn on a heating surface located congruently last, while the annular segments are formed by corrugations, the protrusions of which are located on the cuff in the axial direction sequentially in a row at some distance from each other, moreover, the cuff is mounted to rotate around the heating pipe.  12. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it has a thin-walled cuff worn on a heating surface located congruent to the latter, while the annular segments are formed by recesses that are made in the cuff wall and are arranged in a row at a certain distance from one another in the axial direction and in the circumferential direction at least on a part of the periphery of the heating pipe, the recesses having a limited length in the axial direction and placed sequentially one after the other, and between two adjacent in the axial direction and grooves located jumper, the thread guide performs the function of the ring segment, the thickness of the cuff wall is 0.1 to 5.0 mm, preferably at least about 0.5 3.0 mm.  13. The heater according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the cuff consists of several sections interconnected with the possibility of mutual movement, telescopically inserted one into another.  14. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that the thread conductors at the inlet and outlet of the heater are installed with the possibility of mutual movement and positioning in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe.  15. The heater according to claim 1, characterized in that it has additional thread conductors at the inlet and outlet of the heater according to the number of threads directed along and above the heating surface of the pipe. 16. The heater according to claim 15, characterized in that it further comprises an insulating casing surrounding the heating pipe and having a narrow slot for laying the threads parallel to the axis of the heating pipe and located when two threads pass with opposite directions of envelope and change in the circumferential direction above the heating pipe a distance at an angle of inclination of less than 180 ^o between the lines of the threads.  17. The heater according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 11 16, characterized in that the annular segments in the area of possible contact with the thread have a width that varies in the circumferential direction, while the heating pipe and the thread conductors at the input and output are installed with the possibility of mutual movement and positioning in the circumferential direction of the heating pipe to control the contact ratio obtained by the ratio of the contact length of the thread with the annular segment to the length of its non-contact movement after leaving the annular segment.  18. The heater according to claim 1, 8 or 12, characterized in that the heating pipe and the thread conductors at the inlet and outlet of the heater are mounted with the possibility of mutual movement across the direction of the thread and positioning to adjust the contact ratio obtained by the ratio of the length of the contact of the thread to the length of its non-contact movements after leaving the jumper.  19. The heater according to one of claims 1 to 8 or 11 to 18, characterized in that the annular segments in the areas of possible contact with the thread have a height that varies in the circumferential direction, while the heating pipe and the thread conductors at the inlet and outlet are installed with the possibility of mutual movement in the circumferential the direction of the heating pipe and positioning to adjust on the annular segment the distance from the line of the thread to the heating surface.  20. The heater according to claim 1, 8, 12 or 18, characterized in that the jumpers in the areas of possible contact with the thread have a height that varies transversely to the path of the thread, while the heating pipe and thread conductors at the inlet and outlet are installed with the possibility of mutual movement across the direction of travel filaments and positioning for adjusting the distance from the filament line to the heating surface.  21. The heater according to item 16 or 19, characterized in that the outer contour of the annular segments is at least in some sections elliptical in shape, the center of the ellipse being located on the axis of the heating pipe, and two threads are directed at diametrically opposite sections of the ellipse with the same directional lifting angles. 2. The heater according to item 16 or 19, characterized in that the annular segments are eccentric relative to the axis of the heating pipe, while two strands are directed with opposite elevation angles, respectively, on one or the other side of the axial plane of the heating pipe, in which the center of the annular segment lies, moreover, the axial segments adjacent in the axial direction are 180 ^° offset from one another.  23. The heater according to one of paragraphs.17 to 22, characterized in that the annular segments located on the heating pipe sequentially in the axial direction are displaced around the circumference in accordance with the direction of movement of the thread.  24. The heater according to one of paragraphs.17 to 23, characterized in that the heating pipe, input and output conductors are installed with the possibility of mutual displacement depending on the temperature of the filament, measured at the outlet of the heater, by changing and adjusting the contact ratio, respectively, the distance from the filament to heating surface so that the temperature of the filament is constant at the level of the set value.  25. The heater according to one of paragraphs.17 to 24, characterized in that the heating pipe, input and output conductors are installed with the possibility of mutual displacement depending on the tension of the thread, measured behind the heater, by changing and adjusting the contact ratio, respectively, the distance from the thread to the heating surface so that the temperature of the thread is constant at the level of the set value.  26. The heater according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the heating pipe has an input, final and middle regulatory sections with different contact ratios or different height of the annular segments, while the thread in the input and / or final sections is compared to the average the regulatory section is directed with an increased distance of more than 5 mm with respect to the outer surface of the heating pipe and / or with a reduced contact ratio of less than 0.1.  27. The heater according to one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that it is built into the machine for texturing the threads by the method of false torsion, while a feed device is installed in front of the heater, and after it there is a cooling zone, in particular a cooling bar, a false torsion friction device and an additional power device.

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