RU2099125C1 - Distillation process - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: invention places special emphasis on distillation separation of liquid products in food, oilseed, and chemical industries when separating multicomponent mixtures and concentrating solutions. Method includes filling gas spaces of boiling vessel, cooling facility, and distillate collector with vapor phase. Vapor phase is cooled with no contact with atmosphere so developing subatmospheric pressure in system. Thereafter, raw material is heated in boiling vessel having no contact with atmosphere and resulting vapor phase is cooled and condensed. Condensate is collected. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of process. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for the separation of liquid products by distillation and can be used in food, essential oil, chemical and other industries when separating multicomponent mixtures by distillation and concentration of solutions by evaporation.

A known method of distillation comprising heating the source medium, condensation and cooling of the released vapor phase [1]
The disadvantage of this method is the large energy costs associated with boiling the source medium at atmospheric pressure and the large loss of volatile ready-made product (alcohol), due to evaporation into the environment.

The closest technical solution adopted as a prototype is a distillation method, which includes heating the initial medium, condensation and cooling of the vapor phase, as well as additional cooling of the resulting distillate in the collection of distillate with ice and water [2]
The disadvantage of the prototype method is also the high energy costs associated with boiling the medium at atmospheric pressure, and the loss of alcohol due to evaporation into the environment.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce energy consumption and losses of the resulting product.

 The problem is achieved in that in the known method of distillation, which includes heating the initial medium, condensing the released vapor phase and cooling the resulting distillate, isolating, condensing and cooling the vapor phase is carried out independently of the atmosphere and pressure below atmospheric, by pre-filling the gas spaces of the boiling device, a cooling device and a distillate collector with a vapor phase, condensation and cooling of the latter in a cooling device and a distillate collector without any connection to the atmosphere eroy.

 Due to the fact that the volume of the vapor phase is much greater than the volume of condensate obtained from it, when the vapor phase condenses out of contact with the atmosphere, lower atmospheric pressure is formed in the gas spaces of the cooling device and the distillate collector, which is lower, the larger the volume of these gas spaces, which ensures a reduction in energy consumption due to a lower distillation temperature and completely eliminates the loss of volatile products, since the latter enter the distillate collector without any connection with the atmosphere.

 The analysis of the proposed technical solution shows that it differs from the known solution in that the vapor phase is isolated, condensed and cooled independently of the atmosphere and pressure below atmospheric by pre-filling the gas spaces of the boiling device, the cooling device and the distillate collector with the vapor phase, condensation and cooling the latter in a cooling device and a distillate collector without any connection with the atmosphere, which ensures the conformity of the proposed technical solution th invention of "novelty".

 Comparison of the claimed technical solution with other solutions both in this field and in related fields of technology did not allow us to identify signs that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which ensures that the proposed technical solution meets the criteria of the invention "significant differences".

 The proposed method can be carried out on the installation depicted in the drawing and containing: a boiling device 1 with a pipe and a valve 2 for entering the vapor phase; connected to the boiling device in the course of the vapor phase, a refrigeration device 3 a distillate collector 4 with a cooling jacket 5 and a test refrigerator 6 with a shut-off valve 7.

 The operation of the installation and the implementation of the method.

 The feedstock is loaded into a boiling device 1; open the taps 2 and 7 and fill in the vapor phase (water vapor) the gas spaces of the boiling device, refrigeration device and the distillate collector until the distillate or vapor phase leaves the test refrigerator 6; overlap taps 2 and 7; supplying the refrigerant to the refrigeration device 3 and the cooling jacket 5 of the distillate collector, condensing the vapor phase in the gas spaces of the refrigeration device and the distillate collector, thereby creating a vacuum in the closed system; bring the contents of the boiling device 1 to a boil; the condensed vapor phase of the product is condensed and cooled in the refrigeration device 3, and the resulting distillate is collected in the distillate collector 4, further condensing the vapor phase in the collector with distillate. After the end of the distillation process, open the valve 7, report the collection of distillate with the atmosphere and empty it. After emptying and refilling the boiling device, the distillation process is repeated.

 Example.

Wine material was placed in the boiling device with a volume fraction of alcohol of 10%; water spaces from the outside were filled with water vapor from the boiling device, the refrigeration unit, and the distillate collector until the vapors exited from it; the gas spaces and the water jacket of the distillate collector were closed creating a vacuum in the system. Then the wine material was brought to a boil in a boiling device and it was distilled until the alcohol was completely distilled off, collecting the latter in a distillate collector at a distillation temperature of 45-50 ^o C.

For comparison, the wine material of the same batch was distilled according to the prototype method at a distillation temperature of 96-101 ^o C, collecting distillate in a collector associated with the atmosphere cooling with water with ice.

 According to the results of the experiments, the loss of alcohol during the distillation of wine materials by the prototype method was 2.5% and the energy consumption was 25% higher than by the proposed method, which completely eliminated the loss of alcohol.

 Example 2

 Alcoholized grape juice was loaded into the boiling device with a volume fraction of alcohol of 16% and a sugar content of 18% and was concentrated by evaporation to obtain an alcohol distillate and juice concentrate containing 80% sugar by the method described in example 1.

 For comparison, the alcoholized grape juice of the same batch was concentrated by evaporation according to the prototype method.

 As a result, when concentrating grape juice by the prototype method, the loss of alcohol in the distillate was 3.0% and energy consumption was 30% higher than by the proposed method, which excludes the loss of alcohol during distillation.

 Thus, the proposed distillation method provides, in comparison with the prototype method, a reduction in the loss of the resulting product by 2.5-3.0% and a reduction in energy consumption by 25-30%

Claims (1)

 A distillation method, including heating the feedstock in a boiling device, condensation and cooling in the cooling device of the evolved vapor phase to produce a distillate in a collector, characterized in that before heating the feedstock, the gas spaces of the boiling device, a cooling device and a distillate collector are filled with a vapor phase, cooled out of touch with the atmosphere, creating a pressure below atmospheric in the system, after which the distillation process is carried out out of touch with the atmosphere.