RU2098654C1 - Atomizer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; engines; fuel-air mixing systems. SUBSTANCE: atomizer has body with through channel and injection nozzle. Oval-section toroidal chamber is made in nozzle orifice. Toroidal chamber can be made in form of segment chambers. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to systems for mixing fuel with air and can be used to improve mixture formation.

 Known atomizer nozzle [1] comprising a housing with a nozzle hole and a central valve with an annular groove forming a twisting chamber.

 The disadvantage of this atomizer is the insignificant degree of swirling flow in the annular groove. In addition, the axial movement of the valve changes the shape of the swirl chamber and the turbulence of the fuel flow takes in it an unstable shape of an irregular vortex, the effectiveness of which is significantly reduced.

 A device for processing a fuel-air mixture is known, adopted for the prototype [2] comprising a housing with a flow channel in which large and small diffusers are made, in the latter of which a toroidal cavity is made.

 The disadvantage of this device is that it processes the already formed suspension of fuel particles in the air, the phase transformations of which require a significant expenditure of energy. The use of a toroidal cavity in a small diffuser for homogenizing treatment of the air-fuel mixture is ineffective due to the fact that only a small part of the total flow enters the small diffuser, while most of it bypasses the small diffuser and is processed only by acoustic vibrations of the toroidal cavity. The use of this device is possible only in carburetor ICE. Its implementation in fuel injection systems will require significant changes to existing structures and the separation of fuel injection nozzles from the engine cylinders, which will significantly reduce the advantages of this method.

 The task is to expand the scope and increase the degree of fuel atomization by using the effects arising in the toroidal chamber.

 The problem is solved in such a way that the atomizer comprising a housing with a flow channel in which a vortex generator is located, consisting of a sequentially made input channel, a toroidal chamber and an output channel, and a fuel supply system, according to the invention, the input channel of the vortex generator is paired with the supply system fuel. In addition, the toroidal chamber in cross section is made in the form of a large part of the oval. In addition, the toroidal chamber is made in the form of segmented chambers. In addition, the toroidal chamber is in communication with the surrounding space.

 Pairing the input channel of the vortex generator with the fuel supply system provides fuel supply to the toroidal chamber, where it receives rotational motion, the periodic pulsations of which create a cavitation stream at the outlet of the atomizer. The factor creating the spraying effect is the collapse of fuel bubbles flying out of the toroidal chamber, forming a cavitating stream, tearing them into tiny particles and evenly distributing in the air stream.

 The implementation of the toroidal chamber in the form of a large part of the oval leads to stretching of the toroidal flow of fuel, which is an additional factor contributing to a more intensive cavitation grinding of fuel particles.

 The implementation of the toroidal chamber in the form of segmented chambers divides the total fuel flow into several isolated parts, each of which generates its own flow pulsations. The separation is aimed at preventing the formation of discontinuities and flow discontinuities in the toroidal chamber that inevitably arise due to a significant pressure gradient and saturation with dissolved gases, which will lead to the exclusion of part of the volume of the toroidal chamber from the creation of a cavitation field.

 The communication of the cavity of the toroidal chamber with the surrounding space provides a significant increase in the cavitation intensity, as a result of the injection effect of the flow rotating in the toroidal chamber, sucking in air and dissolving it in the toroidal fuel flow.

 Coordination of the sprayer is possible with any existing ICE power supply systems, as well as aircraft types of engines.

 New features in comparison with the prototype are the coupling of the input channel of the vortex generator with the fuel supply system, the cross section of the toroidal chamber in the form of a large part of the oval, the implementation of the toroidal chamber in the form of segmented chambers, as well as the communication of the cavity of the toroidal chamber with the surrounding space.

 In FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a sprayer; FIG. 2 a toroidal chamber in the form of an oval, in FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a toroidal chamber in the form of segmented chambers in communication with the surrounding space.

 The sprayer consists of a housing 1 with a flow channel 2, an injection nozzle 3, in the nozzle 4 of which a toroidal chamber 5 is made. In addition, the cross section of the toroidal chamber is made in the form of an oval 6. In addition, the toroidal chamber is made in the form of segmented chambers 7 communicated by channels 8 with the surrounding area.

 The atomizer (Fig. 1) works as follows. The injected fuel, entering the toroidal chamber 5, forms a toroidal flow in it, the pulsations of which lead to the appearance of a cavitation effect at the exit of the nozzle 4, in which many of the resulting fuel bubbles burst into tiny particles sprayed in the air stream. The resulting suspension of fuel particles in the air burns with very high efficiency.

 The atomizer (Fig. 2) with a toroidal chamber in the form of an oval 6 forms an oval-shaped rotational movement of fuel, which contributes to the extension of the toroidal vortex, the pulsations of which lead to a much finer dispersion of fuel due to the division of the oval toroid into a larger number of parts.

 The sprayer (Fig. 2) differs from the previous one by the generation of cavitation field in the segment chambers 7, which provide the formation of several rotational flows of fuel, each of which forms a cavitation field, merging into a common cavitation field at the exit of the nozzle 4. The injection effect in the chambers 7 draws air through channels 8, significantly increasing the intensity of the cavitation field.

 The use of a spray will significantly increase the degree of atomization of fuel by using the cavitation effect.

 The use of a sprayer is possible in any power supply systems of all types of engines and will increase their power and reduce fuel consumption by 20-30%

Claims (4)

 1. A sprayer containing a housing with a flow channel, in which a vortex generator is located, consisting of a sequentially made input channel, a toroidal chamber and an output channel, and a fuel supply system, characterized in that the input channel of the vortex generator is made paired with the fuel supply system.  2. The sprayer according to claim 1, characterized in that the toroidal chamber in cross section is made in the form of a large part of the oval.  3. The sprayer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the toroidal chamber is made in the form of segmented chambers.  4. The sprayer according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the toroidal chamber is made in communication with the surrounding space.

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