RU209517U1 - FOREST PLANTING MACHINE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of forestry engineering and can be used for planting seedlings and saplings. The forest planter contains a frame with a hitch, a cabin with seats for planters, a coulter with two sidewalls and a skid-shaped knife with a lancet loosening paw at the nose of the opener and lancet loosening wings mounted on the sides of the coulter, restrictive skids, a disk-type planter consisting of two rubber disks mounted relative to each other using metal disks driven by the left press roller and rollers that regulate the convergence and divergence of the rubber disks in the process of capturing and releasing plants in the moment of embedding their root system with loose soil. At the same time, the disks of the planting apparatus are installed on one common horizontal shaft parallel to each other at a distance of no more than 80 mm, forming a gap sufficient for free placement of the above-ground part of the plants until they grip, the planter is equipped with an arc-shaped guide track installed on the frame in the zone of plant supply to the opener with inclined sections at the ends with the possibility of adjusting the position, and the rollers that ensure the convergence of the disks when gripping the plant are evenly placed in a circle on the outer side of the right disk in the periphery zone with the possibility of interaction with the surface of the guide track and adjusting their number depending on the calculated planting step. The diameter of the metal disk for attaching the rubber disk on the side of the drive (left) roller is equal to the diameter of the rubber disks. a chain transmission. The left sidewall of the coulter is made in the form of a flat vertical plate with an acute angle of entry into the soil, and the right sidewall has an acute angle of entry into the soil, interconnected by the bottom and the top plate, forming a one-sided vertical wedge. Others are simpler in design and provide a better fit.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of forestry engineering and can be used for planting seedlings and saplings.

Known forest planting machine, consisting of a frame with a hitch and a cabin (fence) for planters, two seats, a coulter with a skid knife, restrictive skids, a rotary type planter, compaction rollers, a planter drive and boxes for planting material.

The coulter for layer-by-layer loosening in the area of the roots of the planted plants has an lancet loosening paw located at the toe and lancet wings fixed on the sides of the coulter. The skid-shaped knife located in front of the coulter serves to protect the coulter from breakage when hitting obstacles and from clogging with plant residues. The knife cuts roots and logging residues up to 8 cm thick, and when hitting stumps and larger roots, it passes through them, while straightening the coulter.

Plants are fed into the planting slot by a rotary planter. Close up the roots of planted plants with cylindrical inclined rollers. The landing gear is driven from one of the rollers using a V-belt drive (see description AS No. 161160).

However, the coulter of the described invention during the formation of the planting gap, pushing the soil apart with two sidewalls, compacts both walls of the planting gap, which reduces the survival rate of plants. The root system of plants is covered with soil mass created by press rollers. At the same time, reliable fixation of plants in a vertical position and the incorporation of their root system 3–4 cm below the soil surface are not ensured; The soil surface is formed by the rollers not at the moment the plants are released from the grips of the planting apparatus, but much later, which reduces the quality of planting. In addition, the coulter, consisting of two sidewalls and a skid-shaped knife, has a complex design. The cutting edge of the skid knife works in the abrasive layer and quickly becomes dull to perform its functions and requires frequent sharpening.

Also known machine forest planting universal MLU-1, designed for planting seedlings and seedlings. Seedlings with a height of the aerial part of 10 ... 40 cm and a root length of up to 30 cm are planted in furrows prepared by double-dump plows, as well as in strips loosened with cutters or disk tools.

The main components of the MLU-1 machine: a frame with a hinged device, a cabin with seats for planters, a coulter with two sidewalls with a negative angle of entry into the soil and a skid-shaped flat knife with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil for cutting sod and roots up to 8 cm. loosening the walls of the resulting furrow, the coulter is equipped with loosening liners at the toe and sidewalls. To limit the depth, skids are installed on the sides of the knife.

The landing gear, compaction rollers and ballast box are hingedly mounted on a movable frame in a longitudinal vertical plane, attached to the main frame and equipped with two clamping springs.

The rotary-type landing beam apparatus has a shaft with a disk rotating in bearing supports, to which the beams with grippers are fixed, and the other has a hinged mount and is constantly pressed by a torsion spring to the fixed sash. A lever with a roller is fixed at the end of the axis of the rotary sash, when interacting with the upper and lower openers (patterns placed on the side of the planter), the gripper opens, ensuring the reception of plants and their release at the time of planting. The planter is driven into rotation by means of a gear from the left compaction roller. To disable the planter drive in case of jamming, a spring-loaded safety clutch - ratchet is provided. Two planters are placed in the cabin on special seats facing the planter. There is an audible alarm to communicate with the tractor driver - see the textbook by V.F. Zinin , V. I. Kazakov, O. G. Klimov "Technology and mechanization of forestry work", M. Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, pp. 120 ... solutions.

However, the MLU-1 machine does not provide a quality landing, because has the same opener design with all the disadvantages of the analogue. In addition, the landing gear drive in the form of a two-stage gear reducer has a complex design.

Safety clutch - the ratchet wears out quickly and cannot be adjusted.

Also known is the forest planting machine MLU-1A, equipped with a box-shaped opener with a direct (90 °) angle of entry into the soil, skids to limit the depth of the opener, mounted on a flat knife and a disk-type landing apparatus, consisting of two rubber disks mounted on half shafts under angle to each other using metal discs and bolts. One of the disks is driven from the left press roller. The disks are mounted at an angle to each other in such a way that they converge at the front at the top and diverge at the back at the bottom. The moment of convergence of the discs at the top and divergence at the bottom is regulated by rollers. Planters feed the plant into the space between the discs at the moment they converge at the top. Such a disc planter is less prone to clogging with logging residues and does not have a safety clutch. The landing step with such an apparatus is arbitrary. To comply with the approximate step, marks can be applied on the rubber disk, in the area of \u200b\u200bwhich the planters will put the plants - see the textbook by V.F. Zinin, V.I. Kazakov, O.G. Klimov "Technology and mechanization of forestry work", M. Publishing Center "Academy", 2004, pp. 122 ... 123. This machine, by most significant features, is accepted as a prototype of the proposed technical solution.

However, fixing the discs on two semi-axes at an angle to each other complicates the design and has low reliability, since working in difficult conditions, the discs can slip relative to each other, rolling the seedlings among themselves, violating the original orientation and damaging them. In addition, it is difficult for planters to maintain the calculated planting step due to the lack of a specific place to capture plants.

The coulter has a box-shaped form with two sidewalls in the form of a double-sided wedge, forms a furrow with compacted walls, when seedling roots are planted with rollers, the soil is even more compacted, and this reduces the quality of planting.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to eliminate the listed disadvantages of the prototype and improve the quality of fit, simplify the design and improve the reliability of the machine.

The problem is solved by the fact that in the forest planting machine, which includes a frame with a hitch, a cabin with seats for planters, a coulter with two sidewalls with a lancet loosening paw at the toe of the opener and lancet loosening wings mounted on the sides of the opener, restrictive skids, a disk-type planter , consisting of two rubber discs installed in a certain way relative to each other using metal discs driven by the left press roller and rollers that regulate the convergence and divergence of the rubber discs in the process of capturing and releasing plants at the moment of embedding their root system with loose soil, the discs of the planting apparatus installed on one common horizontal shaft parallel to each other at a distance of not more than 80 mm, forming a gap sufficient for free placement of the aerial parts of plants until they are captured. The planter is equipped with an arc-shaped guide track mounted on a frame in the zone of plant supply to the coulter with inclined sections at the ends with the possibility of adjusting the position, and the rollers that ensure the convergence of the disks when capturing the plant are evenly placed in a circle on the outer side of the right disk in the periphery zone with the possibility of interaction with the surface guide tracks and adjusting their number depending on the estimated step of planting.

The diameter of the metal disc for fastening the rubber disc on the side of the drive (left) roller is equal to the diameter of the rubber discs.

The shaft axis of the landing apparatus and the axis of the drive roller are installed on the frame in parallel and are connected to each other by a chain transmission.

The left sidewall of the coulter is made in the form of a flat vertical plate with an acute angle of entry into the soil, and the right sidewall has an acute angle of entry into the soil, which are interconnected by the bottom and the top plate, forming a right-sided vertical wedge.

The technical solution is illustrated graphically, where in Fig. 1 the planting machine is shown - side view, in Fig. 2 is also a front view, in Fig. 3, 4, 5 shows the landing apparatus of the machine, respectively, side, top and rear views.

The forest planting machine includes a frame 1 with a hitch 2, a cab 3 with seats 4 for planters, a coulter with two sidewalls 5, 6 with an lancet loosening paw 7 at the toe of the opener and lancet loosening wings 8 mounted on the sidewalls of the opener, harrower 9, restrictive skids 10 , a disk-type landing apparatus 11, consisting of two rubber disks 12, 13, installed in a certain way relative to each other using metal disks 14 driven by the left press roller 15 and rollers 16 that regulate the convergence and divergence of the rubber disks in the process of capturing and releasing plants at the time of incorporation of their root system with loose soil.

The landing gear disks are installed on one common horizontal shaft 17 parallel to each other at a distance of no more than 80 mm, forming a gap sufficient for free placement of the aboveground parts of plants until they are captured.

The planter is equipped with an arcuate guide track 18 mounted on a frame in the zone of plant supply to the coulter with inclined sections at the ends with the possibility of adjusting the position, and the rollers 16 ensuring the convergence of the disks when capturing the plant are evenly placed in a circle on the outer side of the right disk 13 in the area of the periphery with the possibility of interaction with the surface of the guide track 18 and adjusting their number depending on the calculated step of planting.

The diameter of the metal disk 14 of the rubber disk attachment on the side of the drive (left) roller is equal to the diameter of the rubber disks.

The axis of the shaft 17 of the landing apparatus and the axis of the drive roller 15 are mounted on the frame in parallel and are connected to each other by a chain transmission 19.

The left sidewall 5 of the coulter is made in the form of a flat vertical plate with an acute angle of entry into the soil, and the right sidewall 6 has an acute angle of entry into the soil, which are interconnected by the bottom and the top plate (not shown in Fig.), forming a right-sided vertical wedge.

Operates planting machine as follows. When the unit moves forward, the coulter with loosening paws and wings cuts into the soil. The flat vertical sidewall of the coulter with an obtuse angle of entry into the soil with the front cutting edge cuts it and forms a vertical narrow slot, and the second sidewall, working as a one-sided wedge, raises the soil up and partially shifts it to the right side, expanding the narrow slot, forms a planting furrow, forming along its edge there is a loose soil roller. At the same time, the restrictive skid, installed on a flat vertical sidewall at the height of the landing gap behind the loosening arm, and with wings forms a horizontal base surface.

The planters sitting on the seats take seedlings from the box and alternately, one by one crown towards the center, are inserted into the space between the rotating disks in the area of attachment of the pressure roller, holding in this position until the roller interacts with the surface of the guide track, in which the stem is securely clamped between the disks, is transferred to the planting furrow and placed with the root collar slightly below the formed horizontal base surface. In this position, at the end of the guide, when the roller ceases to interact with its surface, the clamp begins to loosen, at the same time, the harrower with the blade performs a transverse movement of the loosening soil roller towards the vertical wall of the furrow until it is completely filled with fixing the position of the seedling and embedding its root system with loose soil. Further, the roller, installed on the side of the harrower, makes its final compaction, completing the seedling planting cycle. The calculated landing step is maintained.

If it is necessary to change the landing step, the number of rollers is changed accordingly. With a diameter of the landing gear disks, for example, 90 cm, 6 rollers are installed to set the estimated landing step of 50 cm, 4 rollers at 75 cm, and 3 rollers at a step of 1.0 m, etc.

The proposed machine eliminates the listed disadvantages of analogues, improves the quality of fit and simplifies the design of the machine itself.

Claims (4)

1. Forest planter, including a frame with a hitch, a cabin with seats for planters, a coulter with two sidewalls and a skid-shaped knife with a lancet loosening paw at the nose of the opener and lancet loosening wings mounted on the sidewalls of the opener, restrictive skids, a disk-type planter, consisting of two rubber discs mounted relative to each other with the help of metal discs driven by the left press roller, and rollers that regulate the convergence and divergence of the rubber discs in the process of capturing and releasing plants at the moment of embedding their root system with loose soil, characterized in that the discs of the planting apparatus are mounted on one common horizontal shaft parallel to each other with the formation of a gap sufficient for the free placement of the above-ground part of the plants until they are captured, while the planting apparatus is equipped with an arcuate guide path installed on the frame in the zone of plant supply to the coulter with inclined sections at the ends with the possibility of adjusting the position, and the rollers that ensure the convergence of the disks when capturing the plant are evenly placed in a circle on the outer side of the right disk in the periphery zone with the possibility of interacting with the surface of the guide track and adjusting their number depending on the calculated step of planting . 2. Tree planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the metal disk for attaching the rubber disk on the side of the drive (left) roller is equal to the diameter of the rubber disks. 3. Planting machine according to claim. 1 or 2, characterized in that the axis of the shaft of the planter and the axis of the drive roller are installed on the frame in parallel and are connected to each other by a chain drive. 4. Forest planter according to claim 1, characterized in that the left sidewall of the coulter is made in the form of a flat vertical plate with an acute angle of entry into the soil, and the right sidewall has an acute angle of entry into the soil, while the sidewalls are interconnected by the bottom and the top plate, forming a one-sided vertical wedge.

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