RU2091038C1 - Method for processing coarse vegetable raw material for fodder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fodder production. SUBSTANCE: shredded vegetable mass is treated with water in disperser for 15-20 min. Received suspension is used as additive to fodder or fed to young stock. During the process of treatment, due to degassing, ionization, heat- and mass-exchange, cellulose and other components of vegetable raw material are split and their partial hydrolysis takes place. EFFECT: higher biological activity promoting increase of food value and better availability. 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to feed production, in particular, to methods for increasing the nutritional value of coarse plant materials for ruminants, and can be used in the processing of coarse fodder with low nutritional value.

A known method of saccharification of straw by hydrobarometric processing in autoclaves at a temperature of 160 165 ^o C and a pressure of 6.5 6.5 atm for 2.5 hours (L.G. Boyarsky. Production and use of feed. M. 1988, Rosagrompromizdat, S. 113 123 )

 With this treatment, partial hydrolysis of the hemicelluloses of straw polysaccharides occurs, as well as a partial decomposition of other nutrient components into simpler compounds that are easily absorbed by the animal. However, the process proceeds at high temperature and pressure, steam production and use, the availability of special equipment of the autoclave are necessary.

A known method of producing a feed additive from coarse plant material, in which dry plant material is placed in an autoclave, poured with distilled water in a ratio of 1 (10 13) by weight, heated to 120 160 ^o C, bring the pressure to 2 6 atm, and then the processed raw material is cooled in an autoclave to ambient temperature and is separated into solid and liquid phases, the liquid phase is dried to 5-6% humidity and used as a feed additive (ed. St. 1,662,471, class A 23 K 1/12, 1991) .

 Isothermal processing of straw allows to increase its nutritional value, the extract obtained as a result of such processing and drying can be used for additional saturation of the feed with biologically active substances that pass into the liquid phase as a result of processing.

 To reduce the complexity of processing straw for feed, increase its nutritional value and easily digestible, it is proposed to carry out additional hydropercussion grinding with water after wetting to obtain a suspension with fine particles of the processed mass.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the water treatment is carried out in a dispersant for 15 -20 minutes, the resulting finely divided suspension is used for livestock feed or divided into fractions. Processing of coarse plant material, in particular straw, into a finely dispersed suspension allows the latter to be used for feeding young animals, as it improves the bacterial fermentation of feed in the rumen of animals.

 The effect of processing coarse vegetable raw materials is achieved by heat and mass transfer at the liquid interface, fodder mass, air bubbles (degassing), cavitation-cumulative effect on the mixed medium. As a result of shock, turbulence, as well as friction, particles are dispersed and mixed with the liquid.

 The analysis confirms that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "novelty."

Processing coarse plant materials with low nutrition in the dispersant allows you to:
partial hydrolysis of hemicelluloses due to ionization (oxidation) of water and heat generated during processing of the mass up to 100 ^o C);
by degassing water and heating, increase the biological activity of the resulting suspension, since degassed water at a temperature of up to 100 ^o C acquires the properties of a "biological stimulator".

 The analysis confirms that the proposed technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

In order to determine the optimal conditions, the processing was carried out to the maximum permissible values for grinding, temperature and time. It was found that during processing for 10 minutes, the temperature of the suspension increases to 80 ^° C, during processing 15 minutes to 90 ^° C during processing 20 minutes to 95 ^° C, with an increase in processing time, a sharp jump in the temperature of the medium was obtained, intense boiling and foaming began, complicating the conduct of the processing and control (during processing for 22 minutes the temperature increased to 102 ^o C). Tests were carried out on the existing Argus installation.

 Rye straw, which has the least nutritional value and digestibility, was taken as the initial raw material. The volume of feedstock in each batch of 3.4 kg The straw is pre-crushed into particles with a size of 2-4 cm. The moistening time is standard, 10-12 hours, the degree of moistening is 65-70%. The amount of water during processing according to the technical characteristics of the installation is 100 l.

 The processing results are summarized in table.

 Example 1

The feedstock was crushed rye straw soaked in water to a moisture content of 70%. The mass was treated in a dispersant with water for 10 minutes. The temperature of the mixture is 80 ^o C. At the end of the treatment, the suspension is divided into solid and liquid fractions, the solid fraction is briquetted. Analyzes performed.

 Example 2

The feedstock was prepared as in Example 1 and processed in a dispersant for 15 minutes. The temperature of the mixture is 90 ^o C. At the end of the processing, the suspension is divided into fractions, analyzes were carried out.

 Example 3

The feedstock was prepared according to example 1 with a moisture content of 65% processed in a dispersant for 20 minutes The temperature of the mixture is 95 ^o C. At the end of the processing, fractionation is carried out, analyzes are carried out.

 Example 4

The feedstock was prepared according to example 1, processed in a dispersant until the mixture boiled and copious foaming (temperature 102 ^o C, processing time 22 min). Further process control and monitoring are difficult. The separation into fractions and analysis.

 Example 5

The feedstock prepared according to example 1 with a humidity of 70% was placed in an autoclave and steamed to a pressure of 6.2 bar (temperature 160 ^o C). Processing time 2 hours. After cooling, fractionation was carried out, analysis was performed.

 The work performed allowed us to choose the most rational processing time intervals in the dispersant 15-20 minutes.

The proposed method of processing coarse plant materials for ruminant feed has the following advantages:
complete processing of coarse plant materials with low nutritional value and digestibility;
reduction of labor input and cheaper feed, processing time is reduced by 6-8 times with an increase in nutritional value by 10% relative to the prototype;
simplification of technological schemes of installations that are easily mounted in any livestock complex, since only water and electricity are required (multiple use of the same liquid fraction for processing is possible);
receive more enriched feed due to degassing of water during processing;
make full use of all processed products, since the liquid fraction also has biological activity, contains nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other components (non-waste technology).

 The use of the proposed method for processing coarse plant material on measles will be launched in 1994 in the livestock complex Mezensky LLP (Zarechny, Sverdlovsk Region).

Claims (1)

A method of processing coarse vegetable raw materials into feed, providing for the moistening of the feedstock, hydrolysis and separation into solid and liquid phases, characterized in that before wetting the feedstock is crushed into particles with a size of 3 4 cm, and hydrolysis is carried out by water hammer for 15 20 minutes at 90 100 ^o C to obtain a fine suspension.

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