RU2090039C1 - Method for fertilizing cucumber or tomato in protected ground - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, vegetable growing. SUBSTANCE: method involves analyzing soil for nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and organic fertilizer content. When nitrogen content is at normal or higher level, only soil microflora activator and/or azotovit are introduced into soil. When phosphor content is at normal or higher level, only bactophosphine is introduced. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified method and improved quality of vegetables. 2 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, namely to vegetable growing.

 A known method of fertilizing vegetables, including soil analysis, and with a lack of nutrients, their introduction into the soil [1] However, this method often leads to a glut of soil with a number of elements that go into vegetables and make them environmentally unsafe.

 Closest to the claimed method is a method of fertilizing cucumbers or tomatoes in closed ground, including soil analysis for the content of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus and organic matter and the application of nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium fertilizers if they are not enough to the specified value for the corresponding level of organic substances in the soil [ 2] This method allows you to more accurately take into account the need for fertilizing with a particular compound at a specific level of organic substances in the soil, however, in some cases, this application f takes into account the bacterial composition of the soil, which indirectly depends on the content of organic matter, i.e. the state of microflora is not taken into account, and thus excess fertilizer is often added, which leads to a deterioration of the soil ecology.

 The aim of the present invention is to reduce the consumption of fertilizers, increase the ecology of the method, improve the microbiological composition of the soil and thereby increase the return of the soil due to a larger number of soil rotations, improve the soil due to beneficial microflora.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that when the nitrogen content in the form of compounds from a normal and higher degree of provision in the soil is made only by the activator of soil microflora and nitrogen, and when the phosphorus content is from normal to a high degree of provision in the soil, only bactophosphine is added to it.

 A search conducted in patent and technical literature showed that the claimed is unknown, i.e. it meets the condition of patentability - novelty. Since the method is implemented by known methods, the claimed meets the condition of industrial applicability, and since a new effect is realized as a result, it meets the condition of "inventive step".

 The method is implemented as follows.

 Previously, before planting seedlings of cucumber or tomato, manure is applied to the soil at the rate of 10-25 kg per square meter. m greenhouses and smell. If necessary, increase the dose to 30 kg. After analysis, determine the dose of nutrients and mineral fertilizers, which must be entered into the main dressing, as well as the need for biological products. In addition to nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, magnesium sulfate 20-30 g per square meter is introduced into the main dressing. m. The main ratio between calcium and magnesium is 5: 1. Young plants of cucumber are very sensitive to the content of ammonia, therefore, the content of ammonia nitrogen in the soil should be no more than 25-30% of the total nitrogen. If the nitrogen content is in 3 or 4 groups of tables 1 and 2, then instead of nitrogen mineral fertilizers, a soil microflora activator (APM) is used, which is a culture of anaerobic bacteria (see the list of drugs approved by the Ministry of Agriculture) at a dose of 1 l / ha and a dose of nitrogen 300 ml / ha, in case of group 5, only APM at a dose of 1 l / ha is applied. Before plowing, milling the soil or before transplanting plants, these biological products are dissolved in the calculation of 1000 liters of water per hectare and introduced into the soil. If the phosphorus content is in 3 or 4 groups, then only bactophosphine at a dose of 1 l / ha is added. Before plowing or before transplanting seedlings, it is introduced either with azotovit, or APM, or separately. In addition to those indicated in table. 1, 2 elements in the dressing contribute 5-10 g of magnesium sulfate per 1 square. m depending on the content of mobile magnesium in the soil. The total amount of fertilizer applied per root dressing should not exceed 70 g per 1 sq. m with a salt concentration of not more than 0.7% When the nutrient content is at the level of the first group, top dressing is carried out every week (70 g / sq. m), with the second as well (50-60 g / sq. m), with the third security group 40-50 g fertilizers per square meter are applied weekly. m or 1 time in 12-13 days, 70 g per square. m. With other groups, top dressing is not carried out. Two weeks after transplanting, the plants are treated with an activator of photosynthesis. Fertilizers in top dressing are given in dissolved form, micronutrient fertilizers in the form of complexonates are used in the main soil dressing once every 3-5 years. Boron, zinc, copper, manganese and molybdenum, etc. are also added. For foliar dressings, a solution is prepared: 1 g of water of boric acid 1 g, manganese sulfate about 1 g, copper sulfate, zinc, cobalt about 0.2 g, ammonium molybdenum acid 0.1 g. 10 ml of the mother liquor are taken for 10 l of water and per 100 square meters. m greenhouses spend 25-30 ml of the resulting micronutrient solution.

 In the case of using seeds, they are soaked in a solution of crezacin 50-400 ml / l 0.5 2-3 hours at a flow rate of 50 ml per 25 seeds. Seeds are sown after drying. In order to activate soil microflora and endosymbionts, the seedlings are sprayed with APM and photosynthesis solutions or flavosil solution, the flow rate of the last 1000 l / ha aqueous solution. The consumption of the drug is 100 g / ha. Cucumber plants in the third leaf phase, and tomatoes in the flowering phase are sprayed with a mixed solution of crezacin and flavosil, flow rate 1000 l / ha, with a ratio of crezacin 50 g / ha, flavosil 100 g / ha. To protect against peronosporosis, plants are sprayed with a crezacin solution of 1000 l / ha, with a drug consumption of 50 g / ha. It is better to use a mixture of crezacin + 1a EDTA 500 g / ha. To protect plants from nematodes, seedlings are watered with a solution of flavosil 0.001% at the rate of 0.5 l per plant. When seeds germinate, flavosil is added to this solution at the rate of 0.1 l / ha.

 Using this method allows to obtain a 15-35% larger crop of vegetables, more environmentally friendly products, increase the crop culture by increasing the environmental friendliness of the soil, and also significantly reduce the cost of the fertilizer method.

Claims (1)

 The method of fertilizing cucumbers or tomatoes in a protected ground, including soil analysis for the content of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the form of compounds and organic matter and the introduction of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers in insufficient quantities to a predetermined dose for the corresponding level of organic substances in the soil, characterized in that when the nitrogen content in the form of compounds is from a normal and higher degree of provision in the soil, only the soil microflora activator and / or azotovit is added to it, and when the phosphorus content is from normal a high degree of availability in the soil to make it only baktofosfin.

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