RU2089840C1 - Small arms cartridge bullet (variants) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition for police. SUBSTANCE: the bullet has a plastic slug and a hard envelope. Grooves and/or creases (in the first variant) are made on the outer and/or inner surfaces of the bullet rear section. Grooves and/or creases not protruding from the envelope cavity (in the second' variant) are made on the inner surface of the bullet nose envelope. EFFECT: enhanced effectiveness. 9 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to ammunition, and in particular to shell bullets, intended mainly for use by law enforcement agencies.

 Known bullets for small arms cartridges made of soft material, lead. Significant disadvantages of such bullets that prohibit their practical use (except for ring-shaped cartridges) are low penetration, lead-free barrel bore and stall from rifling (in case of high speeds).

 Also known are bullets, including a lead core and a shell of a solid material, for example steel. The presence of a shell eliminates the disadvantages characteristic of the above counterparts, however, it becomes the cause of ricochets of bullets when meeting with an obstacle. Bullet ricochet, in turn, is a highly undesirable property for ammunition used by law enforcement agencies, as pose a danger of possible damage to others.

 Also known are bullets containing a shell having localizers of destruction in the form of grooves or folds extending from the cavity of the shell to its front cut, and a ductile, in particular, lead core. Compared to shell bullets that do not have structural features for fracture and / or deformation, they have less ability to ricochet, however, the inherent change in the process of transferring collision energy to the rear (tail) part of the bullet almost completely eliminates the possibility of rear deformation or fragmentation, carrying the largest part of the kinetic energy of the bullet. Thus, when a bullet comes in contact with an obstacle, its rear part, while maintaining its integrity, only changes its spatial orientation and the direction of the vector of substantially saved (after bouncing from the obstacle) speed. In addition, such a technical solution obviously offers a sharp decrease in the breakdown action of a bullet, especially in bulletproof vests, including first class (against edged weapons and fragments).

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the risk of damage to others during operations by law enforcement agencies by reducing the ricochet of bullets and the likelihood of scattering of slaughter fragments while maintaining the breakdown effect of bullets.

The specified goal is achieved in two ways:
the fact that in the back of the shell of the bullet there are grooves and / or folds made on the outer and / or inner surface of the shell (the first option). Grooves and / or folds can be on the tail of the bullet, go to the leading or only on the leading part; or the fact that on the inner surface of the head of the shell grooves and / or folds are made that do not enter from the cavity of the shell (second option).

 To reduce the ricochet at the apex of the head of the shell of the bullet, a hole may be provided, and to increase the destructive and stopping action of the groove and / or crease, leaving the cavity of the shell.

 The causal relationship between the claimed features and the achieved result is explained by the following.

 When a bullet comes into contact with a relatively solid barrier, waves of elastic deformation from the contact zone rush to the rear of the bullet at a speed corresponding to the speed of sound (in the medium of wave propagation, i.e., steel and lead in our case). In this case, the rear part of the bullet for a certain time continues to move in the same direction, contributing to the emergence of an elastic or elasto-plastic formation of the head part and leading to its destruction. The rear part of the bullet can receive an amount of energy sufficient for its fragmentation, only at obtuse angles of meeting, in other cases, by changing the direction of movement, it retains its integrity and lethal effect. The introduction of grooves and / or folds in the rear of the shell significantly reduces the threshold of energy required for its destruction along the entire length. At very small meeting angles, when the stresses arising in the shell are insufficient for fragmentation, there is a decrease in the rate of recovery of the velocity (rebound) due to deformation of the tail. At the same time, the back of the bullet (shell) is destroyed only after the destruction of the head part, as a result of which the proposed technical solution does not adversely affect the penetration of bullets. Grooves and / or folds can be located on the tail or the leading part, however, the effect is maximized with an increase in their length, i.e. optimal should be considered the option of placing grooves and / or folds on the tail of the shell (bullet) with the transition to the leading part. The hole in the apex of the bullet head contributes to the reduction of rebound from non-metallic surfaces (masonry, asphalt pavement, etc.), i.e., in those cases when the shell in contact with the obstacle has the possibility and likelihood of catching on it. The addition of the proposed technical solution with grooves and / or folds in the head of the shell emerging from its cavity somewhat reduces the rebound, but does not have a significant effect, which is explained by a sharp decrease in the removal of the energy of impact of a bullet with an obstacle from the head to the back and, as a result, conservation integrity and high kinetic energy of the back. This option can be recommended when designing bullets to perform tasks when it is necessary to increase the lethal and stopping action to the detriment of the breakdown.

 The opening of the shell along the grooves and / or folds in the head of the shell, not leaving its cavity, begins at some distance from the tip of the bullet, cracks propagate in both directions, which facilitates the resolution of the shell along the entire length. This technical solution does not weaken the tip of the bullet and the body of the shell near the top, and therefore does not significantly impair the penetration of the bullet.

 The design of the bullet is shown in figures 1-5, where 1 core; 2 - shell, 3 groove or fold, 4 tail part (may be absent), 5 leading part, 6 head part.

 In Fig.1, grooves (folds) are located on the inner surface of the tail of the shell; figure 2 the same, on the inner surface of the tail and the leading parts of the shell; figure 3 is the same on the outer surface of the tail of the shell; figure 4 is the same on the outer surface of the leading part of the shell; figure 5 is the same on the inner surface of the head of the shell.

 The bullet consists of a core 1 made of a plastic material, such as lead, and a solid, in particular steel shell 2. In the first embodiment, grooves and / or folds 3 are made in the rear of the shell 3. The latter can be located on the inner and / or outer surface of the tail part 4 and / or the leading part 5 of the shell. In the second embodiment, the bullet grooves and / or folds 3 are made on the head part 6 of the shell.

 In this case, when the properties of the barrier allow the bullet to penetrate into it, the destruction of the head part does not occur, the rear part also does not collapse and the bullet functions similarly to an ordinary shell pool.

 If, due to a combination of factors, the bullet cannot penetrate the obstacle, the process develops in one of two directions: with fragmentation of the bullet; with the sliding of the bullet on the surface or in the upper layer of the obstacle (actually ricochet).

 When a significant slip of the bullet on the surface of the obstacle does not occur, the shell 2 experiences a significant negative acceleration and tends to take a mushroom shape. The maximum tensile stresses fall on the head part, to the back of the shell 2 the magnitude of these stresses decreases. However, due to the fact that the strength of the rear part of the shell 2 in the first embodiment is weakened by grooves and / or folds 3, it collapses together with the head part into small fragments with a kinetic energy of small size (not having a lethal effect). In the second embodiment, the strength of the shell 2 near the apex is not broken, so cracks caused by the presence of grooves and / or folds 3, easily spread to the leading part of the bullet.

 The number of grooves and / or folds and their length in both cases is determined by the strength of the shell necessary to guide the bullet through the rifling.

The maximum meeting angles of the 5.45 mm submachine gun bullets with an obstacle (asphalt), at which a rebound occurs, obtained from the results of experimental firing for various types of bullets, are given below:
ordinary bullet with a lead core 7.2 ^o 8.5 ^o ;
ordinary bullet with a lead core with a hole in the top of the warhead 6.9 ^o 7.3 ^o ;
the same with the localizers of the destruction of the head part in the form of grooves and / or folds emerging from the cavity of the shell 6.6 ^o 7.0 ^o ;
the proposed (option 1) -4.4 ^o -4.5 ^o ;
the proposed bullet (option 1) with a hole in the top of the warhead - 4.2 ^o 4.4 ^o ;
the same with the localizers of destruction of the head part in the form of grooves and / or folds emerging from the cavity of the shell 4.2 ^o 4.3 ^o ,
the proposed bullet (option 2) 4.8 ^o 5.0 ^o ;
the proposed bullet (option 2) with a hole in the top of the warhead - 4.0 ^o 4.9 ^o ;
The maximum angles for the same bullets at which scattering of slaughter (piercing a 25-mm pine board) fragments or fragments of bullets or whole bullets was obtained:
ordinary bullet with a lead core 27.5 ^o 42.5 ^o ;
ordinary bullet with a lead core with a hole in the top of the warhead 37.5 ^o 42.5 ^o ;
the same with the localization of the destruction of the warhead 25.9 ^o 26.0 ^o ;
The proposed technical solution for killer fragments does not give and dangerous angles are determined by the above rebound angles.

Claims (9)

 1. Bullet cartridge small arms, including a plastic, such as lead, core and solid, in particular steel, the shell, characterized in that in the rear of the shell there are grooves and / or folds made on the outer and / or inner surfaces of the shell.  2. The bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the grooves and / or folds are made on the tail and / or leading parts of the bullet.  3. The bullet according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in its head part there is an opening.  4. The bullet according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterized in that there are grooves and / or folds in the head of the shell.  5. Bullet cartridge small arms, including a plastic, such as lead, core and solid, in particular steel, a shell having on the inner surface of the head of the grooves and / or folds, characterized in that the grooves and / or folds or part of them do not come out cavity cavity.  6. The bullet according to claim 5, characterized in that the grooves and / or folds go to the leading part of the shell.  7. The bullet according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that in its head part there is an opening.  8. The bullet according to claim 7, characterized in that part of the grooves and / or folds comes out of the cavity of the head of the shell.  9. The bullet according to claim 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, characterized in that the grooves and / or folds are made in the rear of the bullet.

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