RU2758336C1 - Small arms cartridge with increased stopping effect - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weaponry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to small arms cartridges with increased stopping effect. The cartridge contains a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge and a bullet with a head part made in the form of a truncated cone, including a shell in the form of a glass with corrugated knurling and with internal folds in the nose, as well as with a core of heavy plastic material placed in it. cavity located on the side of the spout. Corrugated knurling is located from the tail of the bullet at a distance of 0.4-0.5 of its caliber and is made with a width of 1.5-2.0 mm. The bullet additionally includes a smooth knurling with a width of 1.0-1.5 mm, located on the side of the nose at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the corrugated knurling with the possibility of ensuring its coincidence with the cut of the sleeve, while the cavity of the smooth knurling is limited, at least with a cut of the sleeve, filled with a varnish-sealant. The core is located at a distance of 1.5-2.5 mm from the bullet nose, and its cavity is made open, and the shell folds in the bullet nose are located 1.5-2.5 mm from its nose and make an angle of 10°-15° to the generatrix of the cone. The core is made of a lead-based alloy with an antimony content of 1.5-2.0% and is located at a distance of 1.5-2.5 mm from the bullet nose, and its cavity is made open. The folds of the shell in the nose of the bullet are located at a length of 1.5-2.5 mm from its nose and make an angle of 10°-15° to the generatrix of the cone. The hardness of the bullet shell is in the range of 120-150 units on the Vickers scale.

EFFECT: reducing the likelihood of a bullet ricochet when firing and eliminating bullet fragmentation when meeting an obstacle.

1 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The invention relates to small arms cartridges with an increased stopping effect and can be used, in particular, to equip personal weapons of special forces employees, hunting weapons, etc.

When conducting special operations, it is important to be able to defeat an enemy under protection of varying degrees, including tight clothing and vehicle structural elements, from the first hit, to ensure that the bullet stops in his body to reduce the threat of injury to those nearby by the same bullet. and also eliminate or significantly reduce ricochet when working in a confined space.

Known pistol cartridge (9-mm cartridge SP12 with a bullet of increased stopping action), containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge and a bullet having a shell in the form of a glass, inside which one after another in the direction from the tail of the bullet is a heavy lead and soft polyethylene cores. The latter protrudes beyond the cut of the shell with its front part and has a rear part in the form of a tapering truncated cone, turning into a cylinder [Description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2219477 from 30.07.2002, IPC F42B 5/02, F42B 12/34, publ. 20.12.2003. Bul. No. 35].

This design solves the problem of a small stopping effect of pistol cartridges, however, the introduction of a polyethylene core into the design complicates the manufacturing technology and increases the likelihood of fragmentation of such a bullet when it enters the body or into a solid barrier, which increases the risk of accidental damage to the surrounding persons by fragmented elements.

In addition, all the cartridges used by the law enforcement agencies of the Russian Federation are subject to tightness requirements, which are solved by applying a sealant varnish to the sleeve joint and the leading part of the bullet, which leads to increased contamination of the barrel bore of the weapon during intensive firing with the mentioned cartridges.

Known bullet with a head, made in the form of a truncated cone with a flat end and with controlled fragmentation, consisting of a brass sheath, a lead core, an elastic tip [Description of the invention to US patent No. 8413587 from 23.04.2012, N. Cl. 102/506; 102/508, IPC F42B 12/34, F42B 30/02, publ. 04/09/2013]. As the bullet moves in a dense medium, the elastic tip deforms elastically and transfers a force to the core and shell, which are randomly deformed, which provides a stopping effect and painful shock to the attacked subject.

The relatively simple design of the bullet does not provide high-quality penetration into the body of a subject protected by some kind of screen made of thick clothing or in a car. It should also be noted that the tip, made of an elastic material, additionally provokes a ricochet and inevitably loses its properties during prolonged - usually more than three years - storage of the cartridge, which additionally leads to a decrease in the final characteristics and instability of the ammunition in terms of penetration depth.

Known small arms cartridge with an increased stopping effect, containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge and a special bullet with controlled fragmentation, including a shell in the form of a glass with corrugated knurling, a V-shaped groove and with folds in the nose, as well as with a in it with a relief core made of heavy plastic material, enclosing a core made of elastic non-metallic material. The bullet according to the present invention can also enter the neck of the sleeve without a rim and partially protrude from it [Description of the invention to US patent No. 9658042 from 05/30/2016, N. Cl. 102 / 506-510, 514-517, IPC F42B 12/34, F42B 12/24, F42B 12/02, F42B I4 / 02, F42B 12/78, publ. 05/23/2017]. The bullet has high stopping performance when firing through various obstacles and is used in police and special operations in the United States.

The universal properties of the bullet are provided by the complex shape of the shell on the leading part and, accordingly, the heavy core, which significantly complicates the technology of their manufacture and leads to an increase in the cost of the final product. Also, as in the previous technical solution, the second core, made of an elastic material, provokes a ricochet and inevitably loses its properties during storage, which leads to a decrease in the final characteristics and instability of the ammunition in terms of penetration depth.

The problem solved by the present invention and the achieved technical result is to create a universal small arms cartridge with an increased stopping effect of a bullet and a high penetrating ability when firing at:

- an openly located target;

- target wearing winter clothing;

- the target hiding behind the car door;

- a target located in the vehicle behind the windshield.

In addition, the use of such ammunition ensures the absence of fragmentation, a decrease in bullet ricochet and low contamination of the barrel of a standard weapon with a varnish-sealant during intensive shooting.

To solve the problem and achieve the claimed technical result, a small arms cartridge with an increased stopping effect contains a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge and a bullet with a head part made in the form of a truncated cone, including a shell in the form of a glass with corrugated knurling and with inner folds in the nose, as well as with a core of heavy plastic material placed in it with a cavity located on the side of the nose, the grooved knurl is placed from the tail of the bullet at a distance of 0.4-0.5 of its caliber and is made with a width of 1.5-2, 0 mm, while the bullet additionally includes a smooth knurling with a width of 1.0-1.5 mm, located on the side of the nose at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the corrugated knurling with the possibility of ensuring its coincidence with the cut of the sleeve, while the cavity smooth knurling, limited at least by the cut of the sleeve, filled with a sealant varnish, the core is located at a distance of 1.5-2.5 m from the bullet nose m and its cavity is made open, and the folds of the shell in the nose of the bullet are placed at a length of 1.5-2.5 mm from its nose and make an angle of 10 ° -15 ° to the generatrix of the cone.

Besides:

- the core is made of a lead-based alloy with an antimony content of 1.5-2.0%;

- the hardness of the bullet shell is in the range of 120-150 units on the Vickers scale.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

- in Fig. 1 shows a general view of a small arms cartridge with an increased stopping effect;

- in Fig. 2 is a general view of the bullet of the cartridge of FIG. 1;

- in Fig. 3 is a view of the bullet of FIG. 2 in front;

- in Fig. 4 is an angle forming inner folds in the nose of the bullet of FIG. 2;

- in Fig. 5 shows the place on the body of the cartridge for applying the sealant varnish.

A cartridge of small arms with an increased stopping effect contains a sleeve 1 with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge 2 and a bullet 3 with a head part made in the form of a truncated cone, including a shell 4 in the form of a glass with corrugated knurling 5 and with internal folds 6 in the nose part, and also with a core 7 of a heavy plastic material placed in it with a cavity 8 located on the side of the nose 9, while the corrugated knurling 5 is located from the tail of the bullet 3 at a distance of 0.4-0.5 of its caliber and is made with a width of 1.5 -2.0 mm, while the bullet 3 additionally includes a smooth knurling 10 1.0-1.5 mm wide, located on the side of the nose at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the corrugated knurling 5 with the possibility of ensuring its coincidence with cut 11 of the sleeve 1, while the cavity 12 of smooth knurling 10, limited at least by the cut 11 of the sleeve 1, is filled with a sealant varnish, the core 7 is located from the nose 9 of the bullet 3 at a distance of 1.5-2.5 mm and its cavity 8 done It is open, and the folds 6 of the shell 4 in the nose of the bullet 3 are placed at a length of 1.5-2.5 mm from its nose 9 and make an angle of 10 ° -15 ° to the generatrix of the cone. Additionally, the core 7 is made of a lead-based alloy with an antimony content of 1.5-2.0%, while the hardness of the shell 4 of the bullet 3 is in the range of 120-150 Vickers.

Let's analyze the essential features of the invention.

The presence of corrugated knurling 5, located from the tail of the bullet 3 at a distance of 0.4-0.5 of its caliber and made with a width of 1.5-2.0 mm, provides a reliable mechanical connection of the shell 4 with the core 7. In the absence of knurling 5, a situation is possible, when, upon encountering an obstacle, the shell 4 is decelerated, and the core 7 will continue to move independently.

Placement of grooved knurling 5, at a distance of less than 0.4 caliber of bullet 3, does not ensure its tightness in the sleeve 1, and a distance of more than 0.5 caliber will not provide the required distance to accommodate smooth knurling 10, and will also reduce the penetrating properties of bullet 3 when passing complex obstacles such as an automobile windshield.

The width of the grooved knurling 5 is less than 1.5 mm, which reduces the mounting density of the bullet 3 in the sleeve 1, more than 2.0 mm - reduces the length of its leading part, which leads to a deterioration in the accuracy of fire, and also creates the preconditions for bullet 3 to break off the rifling of the barrel.

It should be noted that the knurling depth 5 is of no fundamental importance. Such an external deformation of the shell 4 results in the formation of a neck on its inner surface, the narrow part of which penetrates into a more plastic core 7 with the formation of a submerged band on its surface. As a result, the existing interference in the connection of the shell 4 with the core 7 is duplicated by an additional mechanical connection, which is guaranteed to prevent their separation when they collide with an obstacle.

The presence of smooth knurling 10 on the bullet 3 with a width of 1.0-1.5 mm, located on the side of the bow at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the grooved knurling 5 pursues several goals. This is an additional fixation of the core 7 inside the shell 4, and the border of the termination of the linear deformation of the head part of the bullet 3 in contact with an obstacle. Also, in the cavity 12 of smooth knurling 10 is placed a varnish-sealant. To do this, over the smooth knurling 10 at any distance of 1.0-1.5 mm between its upper and lower end surfaces, the cut 11 of the sleeve 1 hangs to form either an annular step with a lower end surface, or an annular "pocket" where the sealant varnish is located ... In the future, with intensive shooting, the possibility of contact of the sealant varnish with the surface of the barrel of a standard weapon is excluded, which significantly reduces its contamination.

The width of smooth knurling 10 less than 1.0 mm will not allow additional fixation of the core 7 in the shell 4. The knurling width 10 more than 1.5 mm is excessive to accommodate the sealant varnish, and also reduces the density of the bullet 3 in the sleeve 1.

The placement of smooth knurling 10 on the side of the nose of the bullet 3 at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the corrugated knurling 5 is also associated with ensuring the density of its mounting in the sleeve 1 A distance of less than 0.1 caliber will contribute to excessive deformation of the bullet 3 when encountering obstacle and loss of energy, which is so necessary for guaranteed defeat of the enemy, and a distance of more than 0.2 caliber will reduce the accuracy of fire.

The location of the core 7 from the nose 9 of the bullet 3 at a distance of less than 1.5 mm will not allow the formation of a more rigid conditionally sharpened element from the edge of the shell 4 with the help of internal folds 6, which performs the function of penetrating (destroying) an obstacle such as a windshield or car doors. When firing through them at the body, the main energy of bullet 3 will be spent on obstacles, which will prevent its further deployment to provide the necessary stopping (neutralizing) effect.

A distance of more than 2.5 mm will provide additional rigidity of the conditionally sharpened element of the bullet head 3, however, this will reduce the volume of its open cavity 8. This will allow more efficient penetration of obstacles in front of the enemy, but will reduce the possibility of further disclosure of the bullet in his body to implement the necessary stopping ( neutralizing) effect, i.e. Excessive penetration will be ensured, including through passage with injuries to people around.

The open cavity 8 initiates the process of opening the moving bullet 3 in the event that any elastic conditionally compliant substance, such as a liquid or biological mass, enters it. Penetration of the elastic substance into the cavity 8 simulates the presence of standard elastic elements of known bullets, which include opening or their fragmentation at the first contact with an obstacle. For this reason, prior to hitting the enemy's body, known bullets can lose the energy necessary to hit.

The open cavity 8 is formed by internal folds 6, which are located from the nose 9 of the bullet 3 at a length of 1.5-2.5 mm. These dimensions are comparable to the dimensions of the location of the core 7 at the same distance of 1.5-2.5 mm. The folds 6 facilitate the deformation (opening) of the bullet 3 in terms of increasing the diameter, thereby contributing to more effective braking in a dense environment, transferring all the impact energy of the striking element to the enemy's body. Shell bullets are not capable of producing this effect.

Folds 6 form a more rigid conditionally sharpened element from the edge of shell 4 - smooth outside shell 4 of bullet 3 - providing its necessary aerodynamics, but with internal corrugations, forming a tougher and denser fragment of shell 4 in the head of bullet 3, the task of which is to penetrate additional obstacle without bullet deployment 3.

The length of the folds less than 1.5 mm will not allow the formation of a sufficiently dense fragment of the shell 4, which will serve as a premature deformation of the bullet after contact with an additional obstacle. The length of the folds of more than 2.5 mm will allow you to more effectively penetrate obstacles in front of the enemy and, due to the excess energy, pass the enemy through, which will injure nearby people, including due to the ricochet. Also, an unopened bullet 3 with an excessively rigid pointed end will ricochet in a confined space, which is undesirable during special operations.

The mechanical strength of the bullet head 3 equipped with folds 6 is also ensured by the size of the angle α to the generatrix of its cone. Angle α less than 10 ° will provide insufficient corrugation (compaction) of shell 4, which will contribute to its rupture and unwanted fragmentation of bullet 3. Angle α greater than 15 ° will provide excessive corrugation (seal) of shell 4, which will not provide the required deformation of bullet 3 after passing an additional obstacle and will facilitate its ricochet.

As you can see, the declared ammunition allows you to equally successfully meet the conflicting requirements for the defeat and neutralization of the enemy, both unprotected and located behind an obstacle, among which one of the most difficult for bullet penetration and common is the windshield of a car.

The claimed technical result is additionally confirmed and enhanced by the use of a special alloy of the core 7 and the multifaceted processing of the shell of the bullet 3, which makes it possible to obtain and fix its special strength properties.

For this, the core 7 is made of a lead-based alloy with an antimony content of 1.5–2.0%. These proportions provide the necessary physical and mechanical properties of the alloy. However, it should be noted that an antimony content of less than 1.5% will contribute to excessive deformation of the core 7 when firing at an unprotected target. Antimony content of more than 2.0% will not ensure its sufficient deformation - it will be necessary to introduce the elastomer into the open cavity 8 of the bullet 3. In addition, with a solid lead core 7, the probability of its fragmentation increases, which is unacceptable when solving a number of operational tasks.

Similar to the requirements for the physical and mechanical properties of the core 8, there are requirements, in particular, and for the hardness of the shell 4 of the bullet 3. It should be in the range of 120-150 units on the Vickers scale. The hardness of the shell 4 is less than 120 units, which makes it difficult to manufacture - cases of jamming of the workpiece when cutting it, as well as cases of "sticking" on the working tool, will appear. The hardness of more than 150 units will contribute to the fragmentation of the shell 4, both when a bullet ricochets and when it penetrates the enemy's body, when the core 7 continues its independent unpredictable movement right through, including the defeat of people nearby.

The use of the invention will be illustrated by the following Examples.

Example 1. Shooting at an open target.

After firing, the streamlined bullet 3 travels a considerable distance and hits the target.

The dense medium begins to fill the open cavity 8 and creates pressure on the walls of the core 7 and the walls of the shell 4, as a result of which the bullet 3 opens up and gets stuck in the body. This provides an instant transfer of energy to the internal organs and bones of the enemy, thereby, due to the shock effect, it is neutralized and the possibility of resistance is excluded.

Example 2. Shooting at a target wearing winter clothing.

After firing, bullet 3 hits the target. The nose 9 of the bullet 3 begins to sequentially pierce the dense layers of clothing, filling the open cavity 8 with curly cuttings 8. After entering the dense medium, the latter also begins to fill the open cavity 8 over the cut from the layers of clothing. In this case, to create the pressure required to open the bullet 3, it takes a little more time to overcome the elastic properties of the layers of clothing. As a result, the depth of penetration of the bullet into the body exceeds the same depth when firing at an open target. The rest of the firing effect is similar to Example 1.

Example 3. Shooting at a target hiding behind a car door.

After being fired, bullet 3 hits the door. The corrugated conditionally pointed nose 9 of the bullet 3 formed by folds 6 at the edges of the shell 4, due to the additional rigidity and density of the head part, breaks through the layers of metal and sound insulation of the car door without opening the bullet 3, while, depending on the angle of attack, it can be partially deformed head part - bullet 3 takes the form of a cylinder. In this form, it hits the target. The dense environment creates the necessary resistance to the moving bullet 3, which stops in the enemy's body at the depth necessary and sufficient for his guaranteed defeat.

Further movement in a dense medium fills the open cavity 8, as a result of which the pressure necessary for opening the bullet 3 is created on the walls of the core 7 and the walls of the shell 4.

As a result, the depth of penetration of the bullet 3 into the body exceeds the same depth when firing at an openly located target, but less than when firing at a target dressed in winter clothing.

The rest of the firing effect is similar to Example 1.

Example 4. Shooting at a target located in a car behind the windshield.

The windshield of a car is the most difficult obstacle when hitting a target.

After firing, bullet 3 hits the glass. The corrugated conditionally pointed nose 9 of the bullet 3, formed by folds 6 at the edges of the shell 4, due to the additional rigidity and density of the head part, breaks through the layers of glass. In this case, the head part of the bullet is successively flattened and erased on impact with a hard surface. This process slows down at the moment when the contacting surfaces reach a smooth knurling 8, and the deformation of the shell 4 and core 7 continues and ends with the full penetration of the bullet 4 through the obstacle. In this case, the grooved knurling 7 prevents the fragmentation of the bullet 2. The already deformed (with a flattened head) bullet 3 penetrates into the enemy's body, which provides the necessary shock effect to neutralize it and eliminate the possibility of resistance, and the lower penetration depth of bullet 3 compared to the above Examples 1-3 still provide the desired result.

Example 5. Shooting at a target in a confined space.

Shooting at a target in cramped conditions is fraught with misses.

On a miss, bullet 3 flies past the target and flies until it hits the first obstacle that comes across, which, as a rule, is a wall. When hitting the wall, the head of the bullet 3 is significantly deformed with a significant loss of energy. The pronounced plastic properties of the bullet 3 materials significantly reduce its elastic properties, which form a ricochet. As a result, after colliding with the first obstacle, the shapeless bullet 3 falls next to the wall and no longer poses a threat to those around it, which distinguishes it favorably from shell bullets.

It should be noted that the real kinematics of a bullet when defeating an enemy and overcoming preliminary obstacles is more complex than that described in the above conventionally simplified, but characteristic Examples.

Example 6. Use in hunting weapons.

This ammunition can be used in hunting weapons. This is facilitated by an excessive function in terms of a pronounced stopping effect, which can be applied when hunting especially dangerous animals and their wounded animals or, for example, in a circus when working with large predators to prevent the consequences of their attack on trainers.

The use of ammunition is similar to that described in Example 1.

The declared cartridge with an increased stopping effect has passed a set of experimental tests with positive results. The comparison was made with ammunition for a similar purpose - the 9-mm Homady Critical Duty 135gr + P cartridge, made in the USA. The test results are shown in the Table.

As a result of the use of the invention, a universal cartridge for small arms was created with an increased stopping effect of a bullet and a high penetrating ability when firing at targets with different security. The use of such ammunition ensured the absence of fragmentation and a decrease in bullet ricochet and low contamination of the barrel of a standard weapon with a varnish-sealant during intensive shooting.

table

Comparative characteristics of the declared cartridge

and 9-mm cartridge Homady Critical Duty 135gr + P (USA)

Claims (1)

Small arms cartridge with an increased stopping effect, containing a sleeve with a primer-igniter, a propellant charge and a bullet with a head part made in the form of a truncated cone, including a shell in the form of a glass with corrugated knurling and with inner folds in the nose, as well as with a it has a core made of plastic material with a cavity located on the side of the nose, characterized in that the corrugated knurl is placed from the tail of the bullet at a distance of 0.4-0.5 of its caliber and is made with a width of 1.5-2.0 mm, while the bullet additionally includes a smooth knurling with a width of 1.0-1.5 mm, located on the side of the nose at a distance of 0.1-0.2 caliber from the corrugated knurling with the possibility of ensuring its coincidence with the cut of the sleeve, while the cavity of smooth knurling, limited by at least, the sleeve cut is filled with a sealant varnish, the core is made of a lead-based alloy with an antimony content of 1.5-2.0%, located from the bullet nose at a distance of 1.5-2.5 mm, and its cavity is made open, and the folds of the shell in the nose of the bullet are located at a length of 1.5-2.5 mm from its nose and make an angle of 10 ° -15 ° to the generatrix of the cone, while the hardness of the bullet shell lies in the range of 120-150 units on the Vickers scale...

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