RU2085498C1 - Waste water treatment plant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: waste water treatment. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fine cleaning of industrial drains from dyeing and finishing production enterprises, textile and leather enterprises, refineries and petroleum storage depots as well as other waters containing suspended impurities, petroleum derivatives, dyes, synthetic surfactants, and other specific impurities. Plant of invention contains: pump module including pump for feeding liquid into floatation module; floatation module; floatation, settling, inclined unit for thin-layer separation; units for discharging floatation sludge and petroleum derivatives; inlet and outlet connection pipes. Distinguishing feature of plant is its being additionally provided with module for preliminarily removing suspended particles, ozonation module, suspended particle and waste water filtration units. Preliminary treatment module, floatation module, ozonation module, and filtration unit are connected successively, whereas all modules and units are autonomous. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of process. 4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the treatment of industrial wastewater of mechanical impurities and petroleum products and can be used for deep purification of industrial effluents of dyeing and finishing industries, textile and leather enterprises, as well as other waters containing petroleum products, dyes, synthetic surfactants and other specific pollution.

 The objective of the invention is the expansion of functional and technological capabilities.

 In FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an installation for wastewater treatment; in FIG. 2 diagram of the pump module; in FIG. 3 diagram of the pre-treatment module; in FIG. 4 flotation module diagram; in FIG. 5 is a diagram of the inclined overlap of the flotation module; in FIG. 6 diagram of a collection unit for sludge collection; in FIG. 7 a device for dispersing gas; in FIG. 8 - ozonation module; in FIG. 9 circuit block filtering.

Installation for wastewater treatment (Fig. 1) includes the following modules and blocks:
pump module 1;
pre-treatment module 2;
flotation module 3;
ozonation module 4;
filtration module 5;
block 6 collection of mechanical impurities;
block 7 collecting sludge;
block 8 of the collection of petroleum products;
the inclined thin layer separation unit of FIG. 1 is not shown, as it is installed inside the flotation module 3.

 The above modules and blocks (Fig. 1 9) are connected by pipeline communications with shutoff valves (shown in Fig. 1 by arrows) and it is possible to operate each module and block separately and to connect modules, if necessary, to each other, bypassing pump module 1 ( in Fig. 1 are shown by dashed arrows). To this end, all modules and blocks are autonomous and equipped with devices for attaching blocks to modules and / or blocks and modules between themselves.

 Schematic diagram (option) of the pump module 1 (Fig. 1) is shown in Fig. 2.

 The pump module (Fig. 2) consists of blocks 9 11, respectively containing an ozonizer 12 and a compressor 13, pumps for supplying liquid 14 and a vacuum pump 15. The pumps and blocks are equipped with devices for attaching them to the modules, (connecting the blocks to each other and piping communications ) for connecting to the nozzles of the corresponding modules and blocks.

 The pre-treatment module (Fig. 3) is a block 16 of conical hydrocyclones 17 and 18 and / or a block 19 of series-connected conical 20 and cylindrical 21 hydrocyclones. The drain pipes of the previous ones in the block of hydrocyclones and / or blocks are connected to the supply pipes of the next ones in the block of hydrocyclones and / or blocks. Unloading nozzles 22 25 of all hydrocyclones 17,18,20 and 21 are connected to the supply nozzles of the collection units for sludge and mechanical impurities. Drain pipes 26 and 27 of the last hydrocyclones 18 and 21 are connected to the suction pipe of the pump for supplying fluid to the flotation module.

 A schematic diagram of a flotation module is shown in FIG. 4; general view of an inclined overlap in the form of a prism with two inclined faces in a perspective view of FIG. 5, a schematic diagram of a collection unit for sludge and oil products in FIG. 6 and a diagram of a device for dispersing gas in FIG. 7.

 The flotation module (Fig. 4) consists of a housing 28, a system for introducing purified water 29 and a purified water outlet 30, a device for dispersing gas 31, a multi-faceted sloping floor 32, made in the form of a prism with two inclined faces 33 and 34, a side surface of a larger area which is the base 35, the floor 32 and is made integral with the base of the housing 28. Inside the inclined ceiling 32, a partition 36 is installed perpendicular to the base, dividing the body of the floor 32 into the flotation 37 and the slamming chamber 38 of the same volume . The larger base of the prism has an opening in the upper part in the form of a triangle 39, the lower side of which 40 is located in a plane parallel to the base of the housing 28 and above the level of the liquid 41 to be cleaned. The flotation chamber 37 in the upper part is equipped with an inclined thin-layer separation unit 42. The internal overlap cavity 32 is connected with the suction nozzle of the vacuum pump (not shown in Fig. 4). The lateral surface of the overlap 32 from the input side of the liquid being cleaned along the entire length at the base 35 is equipped with a window 43 (Fig. 5). The rib 44 (Fig. 5) of the inclined faces 33 and 34 is located in the same plane with the partition 36. Both bases 45 and 46 (Fig. 5) of the prism are integral with the opposite side surfaces of the housing 28. The internal cavity 32 is connected to the vacuum pump through the block collection of sludge 47 (Fig. 6). The flotation sludge collection unit 47 is connected to the oil product collection unit 48. The inner surface of the floor 32 and the partition 36 are made of oleophobic material, and the inclined thin-layer separation unit is made of oleophilic material.

 A device for dispersing gas 331 comprises (Fig. 7) a prefabricated housing 49 with a detachable hemisphere 50 and a diaphragm 51. The lateral surface of the housing 49 is provided with a gas supply pipe 52 mounted perpendicular to the body 49. A water supply pipe 53 is installed inside the body 49 and aligned with it which is equipped with a nozzle 54 with a chipper 55 in the form of a reverse cone. The nozzle 54 is an ejector, the side surface of which at the base is made with holes 56.

 A schematic diagram of the ozonation module is shown in FIG. 8. Schemes of inclined overlapping in the form of a prism with two inclined faces, a block of sludge and oil products, as well as a diagram of a device for dispersing gas of an ozonation module are not shown separately, because their design is almost identical to the corresponding nodes of the flotation module shown in FIG. 5-7.

 The ozonation module (Fig. 8) consists of an ozonizer 12 (not shown in Fig. 8) and a housing 57 inside which a multifaceted oblique overlap 58 is made, which is a prism with two inclined faces 59 and 60, the side surface of a larger area of which is the base 61 floor 58 and is made integral with the base of the housing 57. The lateral surface of the floor 58 from the input side of the liquid being cleaned is equipped with a window along the entire length at the base (not shown in Fig. 8; the window is the same as 43 in Fig. 5). The edge of the inclined faces is located in the same plane with the partition 62 mounted perpendicular to the base and dividing the body into the oxidizing 63 and settling 64 chambers of the same volume. Both bases of the prism are made integral with the opposite side surfaces of the housing 57. The larger base of the prism has a triangle-shaped opening 65 in the upper part, the lower side of which 66 is located in a plane parallel to the base of the housing 57 and above the level of water to be cleaned 67, connected to the collection units for flotation sludge and petroleum products (by analogy, as shown in Fig. 6).

 A device for dispersing gas, mainly ozone and oxygen, is made exactly the same as in the flotation module (Fig. 7) and is a housing with a detachable hemisphere and diaphragm, the side surface of which is equipped with a gas supply pipe mounted perpendicular to the housing and connected through a compressor with an ozonizer, and inside and coaxially to the body there is a pipe for supplying water, which is equipped with a nozzle with a chipper in the form of a reverse cone, the nozzle is an ejector, the side surface of which at the base is made with holes, the inner surface of the prism and the partition are made of oleophobic material.

 A schematic diagram of a sewage filtration unit is shown in FIG. 9 and it contains a set of parallel-connected cylindrical membrane elements and mechanical impurities from the wastewater filtration unit located in the housing 68 and connected to the supply pipe of the flotation sludge collection unit.

 Installation for wastewater treatment is as follows.

We consider the operation of the installation in two ways:
fundamentally according to the full scheme (for modules and blocks) using the example of FIG. one;
in detail according to the full scheme (for each module and block) using the example of FIG. 19.

 Contaminated wastewater using the pump module 1 (pump) is fed to the pre-treatment module 2, in which the separation of sand and other heavy impurities from the wastewater. If there is a large amount of oil products in wastewater, then, using the appropriate water treatment in the blocks of module 2, a part (bulk) of oil products is separated from the water. From module 2, separated mechanical impurities and oil products with a part of the water are discharged to the mechanical impurity collection units 6 and flotation sludge 7. After the separation of water and oil products in the flotation sludge collecting unit 7, water is sent to the suction line of the pump module 1, and oil products to the oil collecting unit 8. In addition In addition, it is possible to supply water from the pre-treatment module 2, bypassing the pump module 1, to the flotation module 3. In the process of wastewater treatment in the flotation module 3, the sludge is discharged to the collection unit of the sludge 7. Och The purified water from flotation module 3 is fed through pump module 1 or bypassing it (depending on the specific task of productivity, degree of purification, etc.) into ozonation module 4. In the ozonation module, wastewater is further treated, during which the slurry is discharged to Sludge collection unit 7.

 Purified water from dispersed and partially oxidized oil products is supplied to the wastewater filtration module 5. The mechanical impurities and oil products separated in module 5 are supplied to the flotation sludge collection unit 7, and the treated wastewater is used for recycled water supply or discharged into urban water water supply or in natural reservoirs.

 The installation scheme provides for the possibility of connecting the collection units for mechanical impurities 6, flotation sludge 7, oil products 8 (shown in dotted arrows in Fig. 1). This will ensure the collection of mechanical impurities, oil products in the respective units by gravity, the removal of these blocks of contaminated water and its direction for re-treatment.

 Consider the operation of the installation in detail according to the full scheme (for each module and block).

 Wastewater contaminated with oil products and mechanical impurities is supplied by a pump module (Fig. 2) or a separate pump 14 to the pre-treatment module (Fig. 3).

 The pre-cleaning module is divided into two blocks. In block 16 are two conical hydrocyclones or blocks of these hydrocyclones. Block 19 contains conical and cylindrical hydrocyclones or blocks of these hydrocyclones. The need for this arrangement is based on a variety of wastewater collection methods (which may contain different amounts of mechanical impurities or other impurities of a heterogeneous physicochemical composition).

 The piping tying system is designed in such a way that hydrocyclones, depending on the degree of contamination of the liquid being cleaned, can operate either in a single mode, or in parallel or in series. With a parallel connection of hydrocyclones, the cleaning performance increases, and with a serial connection, the degree of purification from mechanical impurities.

 Block 16 of the pre-treatment module operates as follows.

 The purified water from the pump module is piped into the feed pipes of hydrocyclones 17 and 18, which operate as separators. Depending on the required degree of purification, hydrocyclones can operate in a single mode or are connected in series and in parallel.

 Sludge and mechanical impurities through the discharge pipes 22 and 23 are fed into the collection units of sludge and mechanical impurities. The clarified liquid through the drain pipes 26 is sent either to the flotation module (for separating oil products from the liquid) or again to the pump module and for purification to block 19.

 In block 19, a conical hydrocyclone 20 operating as a clarifier and a cylindrical hydrocyclone 21 operating as a separator (or blocks of these hydrocyclones) are installed. Hydrocyclones (blocks) are connected in series.

 Block 19 operates as follows. The liquid to be cleaned of mechanical impurities is supplied either from the pump module or from the floor pipe of block 16 to the supply pipe of the hydrocyclone 20. Separated impurities through the discharge pipe 24 enter the collection side of the sludge and mechanical impurities, and the clarified liquid flows through the drain pipe 26 into a cylindrical hydrocyclone (or block) 21. The liquid purified from mechanical impurities through the nozzle 27 enters the flotation module, and the impurities through the nozzle 25 into the collection unit for flotation sludge and mechanical impurities.

 From the pre-treatment module, the liquid freed from mechanical impurities is pumped to the flotation module (Fig. 4).

 Flotation module operates as follows. A liquid contaminated with oil products is pumped through a nozzle 29 through a gas dispersing device 313 to a flotation chamber 37, in which oil products are transported to the liquid surface using fine air bubbles. In the flotation chamber 37, the liquid successively passes through an inclined thin-layer separation unit coated with oleophilic material. The separated oil products float to the surface of the liquid and, in a mixture with air bubbles, form an air-mechanical foam. Foam interferes with a clear separation of oil products from liquid and the removal of oil products from the flotation chamber. To destroy the air-mechanical foam, a nozzle from the vacuum pump is brought to the top of the cone.

 In the upper part of the cone is a hole 39 in the shape of a triangle, the lower side of which 40 is located in a plane parallel to the base of the body and above the level of the liquid being cleaned.

 The liquid freed from dispersed oil products, enveloping the baffle 36, enters the settling chamber 38, in which the process of separation of bubbles of dissolved air continues, and therefore the post-treatment of the liquid from the remnants of dispersed oil products. Petroleum products, carried away by the countercurrent of the released air, are transported along the wall 34 to the hole 39 and enter the flotation sludge collection unit.

 The liquid freed from dispersed oil products through a window 43 (Fig. 5), located at the base of the prism, flows by gravity to its top and through the submerged part of the top, through the outer walls of the ribs 34 and 33 of the multi-faceted inclined ceiling 32 through the pipe 30 it enters the ozonation module.

 The flotation module has a complex shape. The module casing is made in the form of a multifaceted oblique overlap (Fig. 5), which is a prism with two inclined faces. The faces form an inclined rib 44, part of which is above the liquid, and part under the liquid. The large lateral surface 46 and the smaller 45 are made integral with the housing of the flotation module. The surface of the larger area of the prism is made integral with the base of the housing. The lateral surface of the overlap from the input side of the liquid being cleaned is equipped with a window 43 along the entire length at the base. The lateral face 46 at the top is equipped with a triangle-shaped opening, the lower side of which is located above the liquid level.

 This design of a multifaceted overlap provides a decrease in the surface of the liquid being cleaned (shaded in Fig. 5), and therefore an increase in the thickness of the layer of released oil products on the surface of the liquid. In addition, due to the partition 36 (Fig. 4), the window 43 (Fig. 5) and the submerged rib 44, the conditions of multiple changes in the direction of fluid movement are created, which leads to fluid retention in the flotator and improves the process of separation of oil products with a small size of the flotation module.

 Petroleum products accumulating on the surface of the liquid reach the top of the partition and, through a triangular hole, due to gravitational forces, enter the collection unit for sludge 47 (Fig. 6). Separated water accumulates in the lower part of the block, and oil products in the upper part. Water is collected in a separate unit and periodically supplied to the suction line of the pump for re-cleaning. Oil products by gravity enter the unit for collecting oil products 48. To improve the conditions for the receipt of oil products in block 48 and to prevent the accumulation of air-mechanical foam, the unit is connected by a pipeline to a vacuum pump. Periodically accumulated in the block 48 oil products are sent for disposal.

 A device for dispersing gas works as follows.

 The liquid contaminated with oil products is pumped through a nozzle 53 to the internal cavity of the housing 49 (air is supplied from the compressor). The pipe for supplying fluid ends with an ejector nozzle 54, the side surface of which is made with holes 56 at the base. Due to the ejection of the liquid stream, part of the air flowing through the pipe 52 is sucked in. Another part of the air is supplied under pressure to the cone 55 between the walls of the housing 49 and the ejector nozzle 54. Air, mixing with the flow of fluid, cone 55 is sent to a split hemisphere 50, in which it mixes and partially dissolves with the fluid due to intense ultrasonic vibrations. A mixture of air and liquid is throttled through a calibrated orifice of the diaphragm 51 into the inner cavity of the flotation chamber of the flotation module.

 From the flotation module, the liquid freed from dispersed oil products is pumped to the ozonation module using a pump module. Structurally, the ozonation module is made similar to the flotation module. The module does not have an inclined thin-layer separation unit (Fig. 4, item 42), which, if necessary, can be mounted in the module case in a short time if necessary. In the converted state, it can be used as the second section of the flotation module. In this case, the ozonation module will be absent.

 The ozonation module (Fig. 8) works as follows.

 Water to be treated by the method of oxidation of hydrocarbons is supplied through a device for dispersing gas by a compressor through an ozonizer (ozone generator), an air-oxygen-ozone mixture is supplied. Using this mixture, oil product residues are floated to the surface of the liquid. At the same time, the oxidation of hydrocarbons to neutral compounds is carried out. Petroleum products and oxidized compounds accumulate on the surface in the form of foam and are discharged through a hole 65 of a triangular shape into the collection unit for sludge. The underside of triangle 66 is located above the fluid level in the module. The liquid freed from oil products through the baffle 62 enters the settling chamber 64, in which the evolution of the air-oxygen-ozone mixture and the process of oxidation of hydrocarbons continue. With air bubbles, the reaction products and unoxidized hydrocarbons are transported to the surface of the liquid to the hole 65.

 Water through a window in the lower part of the prism face, along the outer wall 60, through the submerged part of the prism face and the upper drain hole is supplied to the filtration module.

 The lower drain hole of the ozonation module serves to free it from residual liquid during internal inspection or repair.

 The wastewater filtration unit (Fig. 9) works as follows.

 The liquid to be cleaned is supplied to a set of cylindrical membrane elements in the form of hollow fibers 69 placed in the housing 68 and separated by solid baffles, parallelly connected. The size of the fiber cavity is selected according to the size of the hydrocarbons to be separated. The size of the holes should be less than the size of the hydrocarbon molecules. The purified water is collected in sections and discharged into the sewage system, and the separated hydrocarbons and solids are discharged to the collection unit for sludge.

 The technical and economic effect of the proposed installation is to expand the functional and technological capabilities, increase the degree of purification, provide an influence on the cleaning process by changing the layout of the installation, simplify operation by increasing the cleaning time of the installation, which is achieved by the selection of materials, forced cleaning elements and oxidation of hydrocarbons.

Claims (4)

 1. Installation for wastewater treatment, comprising pumping modules, including a pump for supplying liquid to the flotation module, flotation, sludge, inclined thin-layer separation unit, collection units for flotation sludge and oil products, nozzles for input and output, characterized in that it is equipped with a preliminary module purification from mechanical impurities, an ozonation module, blocks for collecting mechanical impurities and wastewater filtration, while the pre-treatment module, flotation module, ozonation module and filtration unit connected in series, all modules and blocks are autonomous.  2. Installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the pre-treatment module is a block of conical hydrocyclones and / or a block of conically and cylindrical hydrocyclones connected in series, the drain pipes of the previous ones in the block of hydrocyclones or blocks are connected to the supply pipes of the subsequent ones in the block of hydrocyclones or blocks, the discharge pipes of all hydrocyclones are connected to the supply pipes of the collection units for flotch sludge and mechanical impurities, while the drain pipes of the latter in the blocks of hydrocyclones or the last their blocks are connected to the suction pipe of the pump for supplying fluid to the flotation module.  3. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the ozonation module includes an ozonizer and a housing, inside which a multifaceted oblique overlap is made, which is a prism with two inclined faces, the lateral surface of a larger area of which is the base of the overlap and is made integral with the base of the housing, lateral the surface of the overlap from the input side of the liquid being cleaned has a window along the entire length at the base, the edge of the inclined faces is located in the same plane with the partition installed perpendicular to the base and dividing the casing into diode and settling chambers of the same volume, both prism bases are made integral with opposite side surfaces of the casing, while the larger prism base has a triangle-shaped opening in the upper part, the lower side of which is located in a plane parallel to the casing base and above the level of water to be cleaned connected to the flotchlama collection unit, which is connected to the oil product collection unit, a device for dispersing gas, mainly ozone and oxygen, represents a casing with a detachable hemisphere and a diaphragm, the side surface of which is equipped with a gas supply pipe installed perpendicular to the body and connected through an ozonizer to the compressor, and a water pipe is installed inside and coaxially with the body, which has a nozzle with a chipper in the form of a return cone, nozzle It is an ejector, the side surface of which at the base is made with holes, the inner surface of the prism and the partition are made of oleophobic material.  4. The installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the wastewater filtration unit comprises a set of cylindrical hollow fiber cylindrical membrane elements placed in a housing in parallel with the membrane, while a pipe for outputting oil products and mechanical impurities is connected to a supply pipe of the sludge collection unit.

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