RU2085304C1 - Method and device for separation of loose material by mass - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: vibration technique. SUBSTANCE: method of separation includes supply of material to reservoir provided with rotor, imparting rotation and vibration to material in horizontal and vertical planes; frequency of rotation in vertical plane exceeds that in horizontal plane; procedure is completed by separation of material into fractions. Device for realization of this method has casing embracing the reservoir provided with rotor on whose bottom compartments with unloading chutes are mounted. Rotation and vibration of loose material in horizontal and vertical planes will be effected by means of vibration exciter provided with vertical drive shaft and made in form of housing with cover secured on face of upper end of drive shaft made in form of fork. Unbalance shaft mounted inside housing of vibration exciter is arranged in fork of drive shaft perpendicularly to it intersecting axis of rotation. It is balanced relative to axis of rotation and is engageable with drive shaft by means of planetary gear train whose satellite gear is fitted on unbalance shaft and sun gear is fastened to housing of vibration exciter. Rotor is mounted on unbalance shaft between its supports and is located in reservoir which is connected to cover of vibration exciter housing and is made in form of volute with central loading branch pipe and peripheral inclined unloading branch pipe. Housing of vibration exciter is mounted on foundation through shock absorber. Provision is made for regulation of rotational speed of drive shaft. During operation, loose material is fed to reservoir-volute where it is caught by blades of rotor and is discharged through peripheral branch pipe over circumference relative to vertical axis; circular flow of material is separated by mass. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency. 3 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to vibration technology and can be used for the separation of bulk materials in various sectors of the economy, mainly in miners and farmers.

It is widely known paddy machine, consisting of a table with a capacity in which parallel to the longitudinal walls are formed channels of a zigzag shape in three tiers. There are ten channels in each tier, with a total length of 39.6 m. The table is equipped with a tilt mechanism to the horizon and for a straight-line reciprocating movement with a maximum acceleration of 9.97 m / s ^{2 by a} crank mechanism. (Technological equipment of grain storage and processing enterprises. / Ed. By A. D. Sokolov. M. Kolos, 1984, p. 348).

 The process of separating the mixture into fractions is carried out in the channels under the influence of inertial forces based on the difference between the plane and the coefficient of friction of the sorted particles. In this case, the lightest particles move upward along the slope, while the heaviest particles move downward.

 The performance and efficiency of paddy machines are relatively inadequate. The enterprise with a daily output of 200,240 tons of cereal paddy machines has up to 16 pieces, which occupy a significant production area.

 Known separator with the selective action of a water jet on bulk material (Science-Technology-Business, 1992, N 22, p. 6).

 In the water-jet separator sorting is carried out in several stages in the tank, divided into compartment sections. The basic principle of fractionation is based on the fact that impurities either float, or sink to the bottom, or are in suspension.

 However, the water-jet impact is not always justified, because it is associated with the presence of water, additional work on drying fractions, processing sludge.

 A device for screening bulk materials (ed. St. USSR N 1146103, class B 07 B 1/40), which informs the screening surface of complex vibrations with an unbalance rotated relative to two mutually perpendicular axes. The disadvantage of this device is the lack of performance and efficiency of the separator horizontal elements due to insufficient loosening of bulk material compared with the expiration process.

 The closest in technical essence to the invention relates to a seed cleaning machine (ed. St. USSR N 240376, class B 07 B 9/00), having a grain wire, seed distributor, vertical rotor with several separating sections, the surface of each section has a variable radius relative to rotor axis, a block of annular vibratory conveyors and two fans. The rotor through the bearings is mounted on the eccentrics of the exciter shaft.

 During operation, the seed mixture is uniformly fed into the rotor section. Under the influence of the centrifugal forces of the rotor rotational motion, circular vibrations and air pressure, the particles of the mixture are pressed to the screening surface of the sections for outflow and output along certain paths depending on the specific gravity and aerodynamic properties.

 A distinctive feature of the known vibrocentrifugal machines that carry out the separation of bulk materials by mass is that under the influence of rotational movement of the rotor, circular vibrations in the horizontal plane and air pressure of the fans, the bulk material is removed through the separating surface, which reduces the efficiency and productivity of the separation of bulk materials.

 The basic law of dynamics ma = F establishes that the mass inertia of a material point is its mass, since two different points under the action of the same force receive the same accelerations only when their masses are equal; if the masses are different, then the point, the mass of which is larger (i.e., inert), receives less acceleration and vice versa. (Targ S.M. Short Course in Theoretical Mechanics. M.F.-M. 1961, p. 224).

 The aim of the invention is to increase the efficiency and productivity of the separation of bulk materials.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that the bulk material is additionally informed of vibrations and rotation in the vertical plane with a greater frequency than the frequency in the horizontal plane and the fact that the upper end of the drive shaft is made in the form of a forked fork, and the vibration exciter is made in the form of a housing with a cover fixed on the end of the forked fork, inside the vibration exciter housing there is an unbalanced shaft installed by means of supports in the posts of the forked fork of the drive shaft perpendicular to it and with the intersection of its axis of rotation balancing relative to this axis of rotation and mating with the drive shaft by a planetary gear transmission, the satellite of which is mounted on an unbalanced shaft, and the central wheel is fastened to the vibration exciter case, while the rotor is mounted on an unbalanced shaft between its supports and placed in a container that is attached to the cover the exciter housing and is made in the form of a snail with a central and inclined peripheral pipes, and the vibration exciter housing is mounted on the foundation frame by means of a shock absorber and the fact that but it provided with a mechanism for changing the rotational speed of the drive shaft.

 When analyzing known solutions, no signs were found that are similar to those of the present invention.

 The proposed method for separating bulk materials by mass and the device for its implementation can improve efficiency and productivity compared with known solutions due to the additional message to the particles of the bulk material oscillation and rotation in the vertical plane, with a greater frequency in the horizontal plane. This allows you to act portable and rotary Coriolis forces on the particles of the input stream of bulk material, which proves the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant difference".

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of a device for separating bulk materials by mass, implementing a method of separating bulk materials by mass; in FIG. 2 section AA (Fig. 1); in FIG. 3 and 4 vibration thrower in projections; in FIG. 5 and 6 drive and unbalanced shafts assembly; in FIG. 7 and 8 drive shaft; in FIG. 9 and 10 of the scheme of the form of oscillation of the device and the impact of forces on the particle, conventionally indicated by material points M and M '; in FIG. 11 schematic diagram of the device.

 A device for separating bulk materials by weight consists of a casing 1, in which a vibration exciter 2 is placed, mounted on a shock absorber 3, and a foundation frame 4. The bottom of the casing 1 is made at an angle α on which cylindrical compartments 5, 6, 7, and 8 are mounted with different sides heights for receiving fractions I, II, III and IV and their discharge trays 9, 10, 11 and 12, respectively. The number of compartments is determined by the number of fractions.

 The vibration exciter 2 consists of a housing 13, a drive shaft 14 installed in the supports 15 and 16. The upper end of the drive shaft is made in the form of a forked plug for accommodating the container 17, supports 18 and 19, an unbalanced shaft 20, on which the rotor 21 with blades 22 and the satellite 23 of the planetary gear 24, the Central wheel 25, the axis of which is aligned with the axis of rotation of the drive shaft and fastened to the housing 13.

 The tank 17 consists of a housing 26 and a cover 27, in the center a cylindrical inlet 28 and at the periphery at an angle b to the horizon of the outlet 29 pipes extending beyond the cover 30 of the vibration exciter 2 attached to the end of the forked fork. The unbalanced shaft 20 is made in conjunction with an unbalanced mass of m with a center of gravity at a distance from the axis of rotation by a value of R. The forks of the drive shaft are made with support on the disk, ending with a spike.

 The drive and unbalanced shafts are balanced against the axis of rotation of the drive shaft by the mass of the shank 31 of the unbalanced shaft. For installation work, the unit is equipped with 32 eyebolts.

 An engine 33 with a variator, coupled to the drive shaft 14 by a belt drive 35, is installed on the foundation frame 4. Using the variator, it seems possible to change the speed of the drive shaft, for example, 2.5 times by changing the distance L of rotation of the screw 36.

The Central wheel 25 of the planetary gear 24 has the number of teeth Z ₁ , and the satellite 23 Z ₂ . Ratio:
i Z ₁ Z ₂ .

где n число оборотов приводного вала;
D_ср средний диаметр ротора.The torque of the engine 33 through the variator 34 and the belt drive is transmitted to the drive shaft 14 with angular and linear speeds:

where n is the number of revolutions of the drive shaft;
D _{cf is the} average rotor diameter.

где n₁ in число оборотов дебалансного вала 20.The satellite 23, is run in relative to the central wheel 25, rotates an unbalanced shaft 20 with a mass m and a rotor 21 with blades 22 with angular and linear speeds:

where n ₁ in the number of revolutions of the unbalanced shaft 20.

As a result of vibration exposure, forces are generated in the horizontal and vertical planes, which are the components of the total vector:
P _o = mω ² R + mω $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{one}}$ R
where R is the distance of the center of gravity of mass m to the center of coordinates.

The total vector P _o , rotating relative to the coordinate center xОyz, oscillates the device along the axes by the magnitudes of the amplitudes:
x = ± a; y = ± b; z = ± c.

где R_o расстояние от центра координат до центра тяжести точки M.In this case, the device moves with speed V ₁ , acceleration j along the X, Y, Z axes with a portable speed ω _e relative speed ω _iz and accelerations a _e , a ₁₂ , as well as Coriolis acceleration a _c :

where R _{o is the} distance from the center of coordinates to the center of gravity of point M.

по вращательным воздействиям. Вращением ротора 21 с угловыми скоростями ω и ω₁ материальная точка M' перемещается от пункта B k A и при достижении диаметральной плоскости происходит ее отрыв от лопасти 22 с ускорениями: переносные касательное и нормальное

относительные

кориолисовое ω_кор= 2ω_перv_1отн
Переносные и относительные векторы суммируются в равнодействующие векторы ω_e и ω_iz а также с векторами a_e и a₁₂, соответственно и ω_кор с a_c, так как колебания и вращения осуществляются одновременно от одного источника.Vibration accelerations are the geometric components of the total acceleration a _o device of mass M interacting with bulk material passing through the tank 17:

on rotational influences. By rotating the rotor 21 with angular velocities ω and ω _{1, the} material point M 'moves from point B k A and when it reaches the diametrical plane, it detaches from the blade 22 with accelerations: figurative tangent and normal

relative

Coriolis ω _cor = 2ω _per v _1rel
The portable and relative vectors are summed into the resultant vectors ω _e and ω _iz as well as with vectors a _e and a ₁₂ , respectively, and ω _cor with a _c , since the oscillations and rotations are carried out simultaneously from one source.

Величина

является переносной Кориолисовой силой;
Величина

является поворотной Кориолисовой силой.Basically, the dynamics equation ma = F instead of the absolute acceleration, in this case, the mass M 'of the particle of bulk material, we write its acceleration:

Value

is a portable Coriolis force;
Value

is a turning Coriolis force.

и поворотной

Кориолисовых сил позволяет, например, нешелушенное гречневое зернышко отделить от шелушенных ядриц, т.е. с весовой разницей материальной точки M' с точностью до 0,0005 гр.Device-generated portable values

and turning

Coriolis forces allows, for example, to separate the unshelled buckwheat from the husked kernels, i.e. with the weight difference of the material point M 'with an accuracy of 0.0005 g.

The operating mode of the device for separating bulk material by mass can be, for example, 850 rpm of a wire shaft, which corresponds to n. Rotational speed of an unbalanced shaft with a rotor:
n ₁ = in; n ₁ = 5.5 • 850 = 4720 rpm
Angular speeds, 1 / rad. ω 98.8; w ₁ 493.9.

The operating parameters of the device provide operation in a wide range of modes, in this case, obtaining amplitudes along the axes, mm
x = ± 0.6; y = ± 0.6; z = ± 1.35.

 Linear velocities in planes, m / s. horizontal 8; vertical 44.6.

 When the engine 33 is operating, for example, buckwheat peeling product is fed through a grain wire 37, a pipe 28 into a container 17, where the linear speeds with accelerations are communicated to it by the rotor 21 and is discharged through the peripheral pipe 29 along a circle relative to the vertical axis (Fig. II), while the circular flow of the product is divided by mass: relatively heavy particles by mass are deposited in section 5, and in sections 6, 7 and 8, depending on the degree of crushing, and are discharged by unloading trays 9, 10, 11 and 12. The husk and feed are carried out through the ventilationanal 38.

 It should be noted that the bulk material in the tank and at the bottom of the casing is in a mobile state, which reduces friction and engine power.

 A distinctive feature of the method for separating bulk materials by mass and the device for its implementation is that the bulk material is additionally informed of oscillation and rotation in the vertical plane, with a greater frequency than the frequency in the horizontal plane and the upper end of the drive shaft is made in the form of a forked fork, and the vibration exciter is made in the form of a housing with a cover fixed to the end of the forked fork; an unbalanced shaft mounted on by means of supports in the forked fork of the drive shaft perpendicular to it with the intersection of its axis of rotation, balanced with respect to this axis of rotation and coupled to the drive shaft by a planetary gear transmission, the satellite of which is mounted on an unbalanced shaft, and the central wheel is fixed to the vibration exciter housing, while the rotor is mounted on an unbalanced the shaft between its supports and is placed in a container that is attached to the cover of the vibration exciter housing and is made in the form of a cochlea with central and inclined peripheral pipes and, and the exciter case is mounted on the foundation frame by means of a shock absorber and the fact that the device is equipped with a mechanism for changing the frequency of rotation of the drive shaft.

 Using the method of separating bulk materials by weight and devices for its implementation in various sectors of the economy will provide increased efficiency and productivity due to additional oscillation and rotation in the vertical plane, i.e., the effects of rotary Coriolis force. This increases the versatility for the separation of various bulk materials by weight, provides compactness.

 Perhaps widespread use in agriculture for the processing of grain by currents, grain elevators, grain collecting plants, artisanal artisans for the extraction of precious metals, since the separation of crushed mining material does not require water.

Claims (3)

 1. The method of separating bulk materials by mass, including feeding the material into a container with a rotor, communicating rotation and vibration in the horizontal plane to the material, fractionating and outputting the selected fractions, characterized in that the rotation and vibration in the vertical plane are additionally reported to the bulk material with a greater frequency than the horizontal frequency.  2. A device for separating bulk material by mass, including a vibration exciter with a vertical drive shaft, a container, a casing covering a container with a rotor, on the bottom of which compartments with discharge trays are mounted, a planetary gear transmission and a foundation frame, characterized in that the upper end of the drive shaft made in the form of a forked fork, and the vibration exciter is made in the form of a housing with a lid mounted on the end of the forked fork, an unbalanced shaft installed inside the vibration exciter housing is installed by means of supports in the forked fork of the drive shaft perpendicular to it and with the intersection of its axis of rotation, balanced with respect to this axis of rotation and coupled to the drive shaft by a planetary gear transmission, the satellite of which is mounted on an unbalanced shaft, and the central wheel is fixed to the vibration exciter housing, while the rotor is mounted on unbalanced shaft between its bearings and is placed in a container, which is attached to the cover of the exciter housing and made in the form of a cochlea with a central and inclined peripheral pipe mi, and the exciter housing is mounted on the foundation frame by means of a shock absorber.  3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that it is equipped with a mechanism for changing the frequency of rotation of the drive shaft.

Images