RU2220772C1 - Centrofugal vibratory concentrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: concentration industry. SUBSTANCE: invention is designed for use on objects with difficult-to-concentrate raw materials and at reprocessing of waste to separate free particles of precious metals and other heavy useful components from placer sands, crushed ores, tailings, rough concentrates. Proposed centrifugal vibratory concentrator contains working chamber with entrapping coating on its inner surface set into rotation around vertical axle by drive mechanism, inertia unbalance vibrator and housing installed on support through elastic shock absorbers. It has also charging and discharging device. Vibrator is arranged in plane of gravity center of concentrator and is made in form of rotating carrying member with set of fitted-on weights for adjusting its position relative to axis of vibrator and/or gravity center of concentrator. EFFECT: improved efficiency of concentration at higher reliability in operation. 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mineral processing, in particular to devices for separating free particles of precious metals and other heavy mineral components in a centrifugal field from sands of placers, crushed ores, tailings, rough concentrates.

The devices are widely known, which are called centrifugal concentrators (or separators), in which the separation of material by density occurs in a liquid medium (pulp) due to centrifugal forces acting on the mass of material supplied to a rotating working body, made in the form of a conical bowl with ring rafts on the inner surface [1]. The main disadvantage of such devices is the low quality of the concentrate obtained and the low recovery of noble metals, especially small (less than 0.25 mm) and thin (less than 0.1 mm) particle sizes due to the fact that during operation the wall layer of the material under the action of centrifugal force strongly compacted and separation becomes ineffective. That is why the well-known centrifugal separators STs-03, STs-06, and STs-1,0 produced by the Russian company TulNIGP have very limited use in gold mining - in the development of placers with large and medium gold.

In the most modern centrifugal concentrators, various technical solutions are used to ensure the loosening of the mineral “bed” accumulated in the inter-ring annular grooves and thereby increase the efficiency of separation of particles by density.

In the centrifugal concentrators widely used abroad, manufactured by KNELSON CONCENTRATORS (Canada), the loosening of the “bed” is carried out by a counter flow of water supplied under pressure from the inter-space of the rotating bowl through numerous holes in the annular grooves [2].

The disadvantages of these concentrators are the design complexity, high requirements for maintaining operating modes (flow rate and pressure of loosening water), and for the purity of this water from mechanical impurities (silty and clay suspensions), which is one of the most important factors in the conditions of hard-working gold mining and dredging mining of placers. In addition, a significant drawback of the known concentrators is the limitation of the minimum size of the captured grains of precious metals, determined by the size of the holes in the annular grooves of the bowl (the grains of “critical” size penetrate through the calibrated holes into the wall space of the bowl, accumulate in it and subsequently clog the holes, stopping the loosening process “Bed”).

In another well-known centrifugal separator manufactured by OROCON (Australia), the loosening of the “bed” is carried out mechanically by inserting metal rods or strips into the inter-ring annular grooves [3].

However, as the operating experience of the known separator shows, in the process of its operation, rippers create significant turbulence in the pulp stream, removing small and thin classes of gold from the riffles. In addition, without reaching the wall layer, the cultivators do not affect it, leaving a significant part of the material compacted and non-segregated. As a result, the resulting concentrate contains a lot of waste rock and can be classified as diluted, requiring further cleanings. And finally, which is important for industrial gold mining, the constant contact of cultivators with intensively rotating abrasive medium of the pulp leads to their rapid wear and as a result to a decrease in productivity due to frequent stops to replace cultivators.

Replacing mechanical cultivators with water jets supplied to the annular grooves under pressure from a collector placed inside the bowl in the well-known centrifugal concentrators KTs-300, KTs-500, KTs-630, KTs-1000 manufactured by ZAO Redtsvet [4], also did not improve the quality of the resulting concentrate and the expected extraction of fine and fine gold.

The use of circular vibrations in centrifugal concentrators, as shown by numerous studies, contributes to the effective loosening of the mineral "bed" and better segregation of heavy particles inside it. And although the technical solutions of such concentrators are known [5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], aimed at increasing the efficiency of their work, determined by the quality of the concentrate obtained, high recovery of the heavy useful component, productivity and reliability, they are not widely used in industrial gold mining received. The main reason is the complexity of the structures and their low operational reliability, especially at high frequencies of oscillation of the bowl due to significant alternating dynamic loads.

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device for centrifugal-vibration separation of pulp components, including a bowl-shaped working chamber with a capture coating in the form of annular ribs on the inner surface, driven by a drive mechanism to rotate around a vertical axis, a camera vibration exciter, a housing, a support, a loading and unloading devices, while the body, drive mechanism and vibration exciter are separated from the support by elastic shock absorbers [11].

The disadvantage of this device is the instability of the enrichment process due to possible nutation (angular deviation of the axis of rotation of the bowl from the vertical) of the housing, drive mechanism and vibration exciter caused by the uncertain installation of the exciter relative to the center of gravity of the entire device. For example, when the vibration exciter is unbalanced, a deviation of the unbalance action plane above or below the horizontal passing through the center of gravity of the device causes a swing moment in the vertical plane, which determines not only nutation and, as a result, a change in the amplitude of oscillations along the height of the chamber, but also additional dynamic loads the design of the device as a whole.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a centrifugal vibration concentrator.

The problem is solved by achieving a technical result, which consists in increasing the reliability of the concentrator and the stability of the enrichment process, the possibility of adjusting the parameters of the concentrator, depending on the size and material composition of the enriched material.

The specified technical result according to the invention is achieved in that in a centrifugal vibration concentrator including a bowl-shaped working chamber with a trap coating on its inner surface, driven by a drive mechanism to rotate around a vertical axis, an inertial unbalanced vibrator and a housing mounted on a support by means of elastic shock absorbers, loading and unloading devices. The vibrator is installed in the plane of the center of gravity of the concentrator and is made in the form of a carrier element that can rotate around the vertical axis with a set of weights mounted on it with the ability to adjust its position relative to the vibrator axis and / or the center of gravity of the concentrator.

The installation of the vibrator in the plane of the center of gravity of the concentrator ensures the equilibrium of the system of oscillating masses relative to its center of gravity during operation, prevents rocking of the structure and ensures constant amplitude of circular vibrations of the housing and the working chamber. This creates equal conditions for the pulp enrichment as it moves from the bottom of the chamber up to the discharge end, increasing the extraction of particles of precious metals, including small and thin classes.

The execution of an inertial unbalanced vibrator in the form of a bearing element that can rotate around a vertical axis with a set of weights mounted on it with the possibility of adjusting its position relative to the axis of the vibrator and / or the center of gravity of the concentrator allows quickly adjusting the oscillation amplitude of the working chamber by changing the Mach moment depending on the size and material composition of the pulp material.

Thus, the combination of known and new features of the inventive hub contribute to increasing the efficiency of its work, i.e. solving the problem.

Figure 1 schematically shows a General view (longitudinal section) of a centrifugal vibration concentrator (without loading and unloading devices); figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

The concentrator consists of a working chamber 1, built into the bearing assembly 2, mounted on the housing 3, on which the camera rotation drive 4 and the vibrator 5 are mounted. The housing 3 is mounted with elastic shock absorbers 6 on the support 7, on which the loading (for pulp) 8 is mounted and unloading (for tails) 9 devices and concentrate receiver 10.

The working chamber 1 is made bowl-shaped, the inner surface of which has a catching coating 11 in the form of annular fluttering, and the bottom of the chamber has openings 12 for draining the concentrate. The vibrator 5 is installed in the ZZ plane of the center of gravity of the concentrator and is made inertial unbalanced in the form of a supporting element 13 that can rotate around the vertical axis with a set of weights 14 mounted on it with the possibility of adjusting its position, for example, with bolts 15 relative to the axis of the vibrator and / or the center of gravity of the hub.

The hub works as follows. The rotational drive motor 4 of the working chamber 1 is sequentially put into operation through a V-belt drive, and then the vibrator motor 5, which through another V-belt drive, informs the carrier 13 with the loads 14. The arising during the rotation of the loads 14 flywheel creates circular oscillations with the same the amplitude of the entire system of nodes, including a rotating working chamber 1 mounted on the housing 3 due to the installation of the latter on the support 7 by means of elastic shock absorbers 6, and vibrato a hub 5 in the center of gravity plane. Then, through the loading device 8, for example, a gold-containing pulp of the required density is fed to the bottom of the chamber 1, which is twisted by rotating blades and discarded to the periphery of the chamber. Under the action of centrifugal acceleration, solid pulp particles fall into the inter-grooves of the capture coating 11 of the working chamber 1, where, as a result of intense vibrations, the material is loosened and heavy particles of minerals and gold are segregated into the formed mineral “bed” with their concentration mainly at the chamber wall 1. Light mineral the pulp particles in this case, carried away by the vertical component of the centrifugal force, rolling through the grooves, are carried out of the working chamber 1 into the unloading device e 9, and later in the tailings pond. At the end of the cycle of work (enrichment), the vibrator 5 and the rotary drive 4 of the working chamber 1 are successively stopped, the gold-containing concentrate is washed from the corrugations, which is removed through the holes 12 from the chamber to the receiver 10 and then to a special container (not shown in the drawing).

To ensure more efficient enrichment of pulp with different material and particle size distribution of the solid phase, higher recovery of small and thin classes of noble metals, the concentrator can be configured to achieve the most optimal modes by changing the amplitude and frequency of circular oscillations. In this case, a change in the amplitude of the oscillations is provided by a change in the flywheel of the rotating loads (the higher the moment, the greater the amplitude). The selection of the mass of goods 14, moving them along the supporting element 13 and fixing it in the required position relative to the axis of the vibrator and the center of gravity of the concentrator determines the necessary flywheel. The change in the frequency of circular oscillations is provided either by removable pulleys of the vibrator 5, or by changing the frequency of the electric current supplying the vibrator motor.

According to the design scheme of the centrifugal vibration concentrator described above, under the guidance of the authors, its current model has been developed, manufactured and is currently being tested.

The hub had the following specifications:

The largest inner diameter of the working chamber

(according to ring arrivals), mm 190

Depth of the working chamber, mm 105

The frequency of rotation of the working chamber, rpm 650

The frequency of circular oscillations of the working chamber, min ^-1 2820

The amplitude of the circular oscillations of the working chamber, mm

- maximum 3

- minimum 1

Installed power engines, kW 1.3

Overall dimensions, mm 765 × 660 × 800

Weight, kg 165

Gold-bearing sands with a volume of 60 l - 3 mm in size, containing 1% heavy minerals (magnetite, ilmenite, zircon), as well as native gold of various particle sizes: from 0.5 mm to 0.05 mm, including hard-to-lamellar ones, were subjected to enrichment. and scaly forms.

The material was supplied in the form of pulp with a ratio of solid to liquid from 1: 3 to 1: 5 with a capacity of 0.4 m ³ / h and 0.8 m ³ / h on solid.

Extraction of gold in concentrate amounted to: in the first case - 98.2%; in the second case, 95.1%, which is significantly higher than when enriching such material at the best foreign concentrator of the same size of the Canadian company “KNELSON CONCENTRATORS”, model KC-MD7.5.

Concentrators of various sizes, manufactured according to the proposed technical solution, can find wide application:

- in the laboratory practice of exploration in the mineralogical and technological research of mineral raw materials containing heavy minerals and precious metals;

- during the development of technologies for the extraction of precious metals from placers and crushed ores, as well as from non-traditional technogenic raw materials (metallurgical waste products; enterprises processing precious metal concentrates; from slag and ash of thermal power plants);

- in the direct mining of precious metals from placers and crushed ores, as well as in the processing of epoxy dumps of past workings;

- with the associated extraction of gold from the products of sand and gravel mines.

For specialists in the art it is obvious that the design of the above hub can be made changes and additions that do not go beyond the essence of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the claims.

Sources of information

1. A.G. Lopatin, “Centrifugal beneficiation of ores and sand”, Moscow, “Nedra”, 1987, p.167-171. RF patent №2114699 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 07/29/96.

2. US Patent No. 4846781 A1, cl. B 04 B 11/00, 07/11/89.

3. RF patent No. 2062149 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 08/12/94.

4. I.A. Enbaev, B.P. Rudnev, A.A. Shanin, A.N. Kachevsky “Processing of tailings of factories and unconventional raw materials using effective enrichment processes”, Moscow, 1998, p. 30-31.49-51.

5. USSR author's certificate No. 1639742 A1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 04/05/89.

6. USSR author's certificate No. 1651955 A1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 3/7/89.

7. RF patent No. 2100086 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 03/10/93.

8. RF patent No. 2100087 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 07/31/95.

9. RF patent No. 2109570 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, December 6, 95.

10. RF patent №2129047 C1, cl. B 03 B 5/32, 08/14/98.

11. Copyright certificate of the USSR 1222329, 04/07/86, IPC 7 V 03 V 5/32.

Claims (1)

A centrifugal vibration concentrator, including a working chamber with a capture coating on its inner surface, driven by a drive mechanism to rotate around a vertical axis, an inertial unbalanced vibrator and a housing mounted on a support by means of elastic shock absorbers, as well as loading and unloading devices, characterized in that the vibrator installed in the plane of the center of gravity of the concentrator and made in the form of a bearing element with the ability to rotate around the vertical axis with a set of weights, cm ntirovannyh thereon with possibility of adjusting and fixing its position relative to the axis of the vibrator and / or center of gravity concentrator.

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