RU2084107C1 - Onion and root harvester - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural equipment. SUBSTANCE: onion and root harvester has frame 1 carrying digging share 2, bladed beater 3 and separating drum 4. Beater 3 and drum 4 are positioned above share 2 and rotated in opposite directions. Rod grid mounted within separating drum 4 has rods positioned opposite gaps between rods of peripheral grid so that gaps between rods of peripheral and inner grids may be changed by turning inner grid relative to peripheral grid. Separating drum 4 is mounted for movement in vertical plane and may be fixed in predetermined position. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery and can be used in the development of machines for harvesting onions and root crops.

 A device for harvesting onions and root crops, comprising a ploughshare mounted on a frame and a blade beater placed above it.

 Above the ploughshare behind the blade beater of this device, an oncoming-rotating rear blade beater is placed. The elastic beater blades capture the leaves of onions and root crops and pull them out. The disadvantage of this device is the increased loss of onions and root crops in the soil when harvesting them with dead leaves. An attempt to reduce losses by lowering the frame leads to the capture of soil and getting it into the heap.

 We also know a more advanced device for harvesting onions and root crops, which we adopted as a prototype, containing a digging share mounted on the frame, counter-rotating paddle beater placed above it and a separating drum with freely rotating rods, forming a lattice around the periphery.

 When harvesting onions and root crops with dead leaves with this device, the losses are quite large, since the zone of pinching of the leaves between the blades of the beater and the rods of the drum is higher than the location of the dead leaves. An attempt to lower the pinch zone of the leaves by lowering the frame reduces losses, but increases the soil content in the heap.

 When harvesting onions and root crops with this device, lumps are separated with sizes smaller than the gap between the bars of the lattice. Larger clumps, along with bulbs and root crops, vary widely, and the gaps between the bars of the lattice are constant; when harvesting large onions and root crops with this device, many soil lumps fall into the heap, and when harvesting small onions and root crops, they lose through the gaps of the grate.

 The task was to develop a device that allows you to harvest onions and root crops of different sizes (sowing, turnip onions, etc.) with dead and unripe leaves by continuous digging and pulling methods with minimal losses and low soil content in the heap.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of technological capabilities and reduction of losses.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that, in contrast to the prototype, in the device for harvesting onions and root crops, the separating drum is equipped with an internal bar grating with bars placed opposite the gaps between the bars of the peripheral grating and the possibility of changing the gaps between the bars of the peripheral and internal gratings, while the separating drum is installed with the possibility of vertical displacement and fixation.

 Installing a separating drum with the possibility of vertical displacement and fixing allows you to place the separating drum directly behind the digging share when harvesting onions and root crops with dead leaves, directing the soil layer with bulbs or root crops through the separating drum, which eliminates the loss of bulbs and root crops in the soil during continuous excavation.

 The supply of the separating drum with an internal bar grill with the placement of the rods opposite the gaps between the rods of the peripheral grill gives the steppedness of the bar surface. Due to this, the process of picking and crumbling of the soil is improved, and it also becomes possible to change the gaps between the rods of the peripheral and internal lattices by turning the internal lattice relative to the peripheral one, setting the gaps in accordance with the sizes of the removed bulbs and root crops. This significantly reduces the soil lumps getting into the heap during the harvesting of large onions and root crops and reduces the losses during the harvesting of small onions and root crops, both by pulling and by continuous digging.

 Harvesting bulbs and root crops with various sizes, with laden and unfrozen leaves, continuous digging and pulling methods indicate the wide technological capabilities of the proposed device.

 The presence of distinctive features in the proposed device in comparison with the prototype allows us to conclude that the claimed device meets the criterion of "novelty."

 Assessing the compliance of the proposed device with the criterion of "inventive step", it should be noted that separating drums equipped with an internal bar grating and placing the rods opposite the gaps between the bars of the peripheral grating and changing the gaps between the bars of the peripheral and internal gratings, for example, by turning the internal lattice relative to the peripheral, which indicates the compliance of the proposed solutions to the criterion of "inventive step".

 In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of a device in commissioning for harvesting onions and root crops with uncut leaves.

 In FIG. 2 shows a section of a separating drum. In FIG. 3 shows a side view of the drum. In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a device in commissioning for harvesting onions and root crops with dead leaves.

 A device for harvesting onions and root crops (Fig. 1) contains an undermining share 2 mounted on the frame 1, counter-rotating paddle beater 3 placed above it and a separating drum 4 mounted on brackets 5, which are a screw pair, conveyor 6, swather 7. In addition, the device contains supporting 8 and 9 running wheels.

 The separating drum 4 (FIG. 2) is made in the form of two cylindrical rod grids, peripheral and internal, with the inner rods 10 placed opposite the gaps between the rods 11 of the peripheral lattice. The rods 11 are covered with elastic material 12 and are fixed on the sidewalls 13 with the possibility of free rotation about its axis. The sidewalls 13 are mounted on the shaft 14. The rods 10 of the inner grill are fixed on the sidewalls 15. On the sidewalls 13, at least two grooves 16 are made (Fig. 3), which include studs 17 that are rigidly connected to the sidewalls 15 and connecting nuts 18 internal and peripheral lattice.

 The device operates as follows.

 When harvesting onions by pulling, a digging share 2 cuts a layer of soil with bulbs, raises it and loosens it down to the same place. At the time of the formation of the formation, the paddle beater 3 and the rods 11 of the separating drum 4 pinch the leaves of the bulbs and pull them out of the soil. Further, the inertia forces press the bulbs to the nearest along the rotation rods 10, 11 of the separating drum 4, while the bulbs are separated from an insignificant amount of soil impurities that wake up in the gaps between the rods 10, 11. Then the bulbs under the action of centrifugal forces fall onto the conveyor 6, where the final separation of the heap occurs and further along the swather 7 fall to the ground.

 The gap "c" (Fig. 2) between the rods 10 and 11 is established by turning the sidewall 15 of the inner grill in the grooves 16 (Fig. 3) of the sidewalls 13 of the peripheral lattice.

 For harvesting onions with dead leaves by the continuous digging method (Fig. 4), the separating drum 4, using brackets 5, is installed directly behind the digging share 2. The layer containing bulbs cut by the digging share 2 goes to the separating drum 4, where it is actively crumbled rods 11 peripheral lattice. The pressure of the soil layer and the force of inertia press the bulbs to the nearest rods 10, 11. In this case, soil impurities spill into the gaps between the rods 10, 11. From the separating drum 4, the bulbs under the action of centrifugal forces fall onto the conveyor 6, where the final separation of the heap and further along the swather 7 fall to the ground.

In comparison with the base machine MLR-1.4, which coincides with the adopted prototype, the machine with the proposed device provides harvesting with both dead and non-dead leaves, and plantations with dead leaves account for 70%. When harvesting with an MLR-1.4 machine, onions with dead leaves make up 6%; a machine with the proposed device provides a 99% complete harvest
Thus, the economic effect on one machine with the proposed device will be
E M • P • C
where e is the annual economic effect, rub.

M seasonal production of the machine, t,
N loss reduction,
Ts the price of one ton of onions, rub.

в

in

Claims (1)

 A device for harvesting onions and root crops, comprising a digging share mounted on the frame, counter-rotating paddle beater and a separating drum with freely rotating rods forming a lattice around the periphery, characterized in that, in order to expand technological capabilities and reduce losses, the separator the drum is equipped with an internal bar grill with the placement of its rods opposite the gaps between the rods of the peripheral lattice and the possibility of changing the gaps between the rods peripherally th and inner gratings, while the separating drum is installed with the possibility of vertical displacement and fixing.

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