RU2083506C1 - Method for producing drinking water - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water purification. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to treatment of natural and waste water that may be used in drinking water production. Method includes ozonation, two-step filtration through grainy filtering carbon material. In the first step, water is passed with velocity 8-10 m/h through mesoporous carbon material with grain size 1.0-3.5 mm, specific surface in respect to nitrogen 13-18 sq. m/g, pore space 0.3- 0.6 cu.cm/g, crushing strength 250-500 kg/cu.cm, and preferred pore size 500 to 2000

, the contact time being 10-15 min. In the second step, water treated in the first-step is passed with velocity 8-15 m/h through mesoporous carbon material with grain size 0.5-2.5 mm, specific surface in respect to nitrogen 450-600 sq. m/g, pore space 0.6-1.0 cu.cm/g, crushing strength 100-350 kg/cu.cm, and preferred pore size 20 to 1000

Description

 The invention relates to techniques for the purification of natural and waste waters.

 A known method of purifying water by filtration, including passing water from bottom to top through layers of granular filter media from sand and fuel slag, which differ in grain size and porosity [1] The disadvantage of this method is that it does not allow water to be purified from salts of iron and manganese as well as organic compounds containing phenol and its derivatives.

 A known method of purification used at the station for the preparation of drinking water, including ozonation, single-stage filtration and secondary ozonation [2] The disadvantage of this method is that it does not provide water purification from complex compounds of metals and organic substances that are contained, for example, in groundwater .

при времени контакта 10-15 мин.To solve the problem of water purification from iron and manganese salts, their complex compounds with organic substances, as well as phenol and derivatives, thereby producing a conditioned drinking water, a method for water purification is directed, including ozonation, 2-stage filtration through a granular filtering carbon material, while in the first stage, water is passed at a speed of 8-10 m / h through a mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 1.0-3.5 mm, a specific nitrogen surface of 15-18 m ² / g, and a pore capacity of 0.05-0.06 cm ³ / g, crushing strength 250- 500 kg / cm ³ , the predominant pore size of 500-2000

with a contact time of 10-15 minutes

, при времени контакта 10-25 мин, при этом предварительное озонирование воды осуществляют при концентрации озона 1,5-10 г/м³ в течение 25-30 мин.In the second stage, the water purified in the first stage is passed at a speed of 8-15 m / h through a mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 0.5-2.5 mm, a specific nitrogen surface of 450-600 m ² / g, and a pore capacity of 0 , 6-1.0 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 100-350 kg / cm ³ , the predominant pore size of 20-1000

, at a contact time of 10-25 minutes, while preliminary ozonation of water is carried out at an ozone concentration of 1.5-10 g / m ³ for 25-30 minutes.

The regeneration of the carbon material of the first and second stages of water filtration is carried out with a flow of water from the bottom up at a speed of 15-25 m / h with a simultaneous supply of air in an amount of 2-3 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} water supplied for 20-30 minutes with a frequency of 24 hours Additional regeneration of the carbon material of the second stage of water filtration is carried out by boiling it in water, heated by supplying steam with a temperature of 120-200 ^o C from bottom to top in an amount of 0.5-1 kg / h for each kg of carbon material for 20-60 min with a frequency of 240-360 hours followed by th layer by washing with water-air mixture in the aforementioned ratios.

 Recent data indicate a high stability of complex metal compounds contained in water with organic substances of the humic series (humic acids, fulvic acids). The complex formation of metals with organic acids helps to keep them in a dissolved state, which creates great difficulties in treating water, especially in obtaining drinking water in accordance with the requirements of the standard.

 The proposed method for producing drinking water allows to ensure the quality of drinking water in accordance with the requirements of the standard with high efficiency using ozone and carbon materials in two-stage water filtration during the regeneration of carbon materials directly in water filtration apparatuses.

 The drawing shows a diagram of the implementation of the proposed method for producing drinking water.

, высота которого обеспечивает время контакта воды с углеродным материалом 10-15 мин. Из фильтра первой стадии фильтрации 4 воду направляют в фильтр второй стадии фильтрации 5, где вода также проходит сверху вниз со скоростью 8-15 м/ч через слой мезопористого углеродного материала с размером зерен 0,5-2,5 мм, удельной поверхностью по азоту 450-600 м²/г, емкостью пор 0,6-1 см³/г, прочностью на раздавливание 100-350 кг/см³, преимущественным размером пор 20-1000

, высота которой обеспечивает время контакта воды с углеродным материалом 10-25 мин (для обеспечения необходимого времени контакта можно установить последовательно два фильтра второй стадии фильтрации, как показано на чертеже). После фильтра 5 воду подают в емкость очищенной воды 6, из которой направляют на повторное озонирование в смесительную колонну 7, из которой насосом 8 очищенную и обезвреженную воду направляют потребителю в накопительный резервуар (не показан). Периодически через 24 ч осуществляют регенерацию углеродного материала первой и второй стадии фильтрации. При этом прекращают подачу воды насосом 3 в фильтр 4, а насосом 8 в накопительный резервуар, а также подачу озоно-воздушной смеси в смесительные колонны 1 и 7. Насосом 8 подают очищенную воду из емкости 6 через смесительную колонну 7 в линию 9 регенерации фильтров, одновременно в нее подают воздух от компрессора (не показан). Водо-воздушную смесь из линии 9 направляют в фильтры 4 и 5 снизу вверх через слой углеродного материала. При скорости потока воды 7-25 м/ч и расходе воздуха 2-3 м³ на 1 м³ подаваемой воды продукты окисления комплексных соединений, содержащихся в воде и задержанных в слое углеродного материала, удаляют из фильтров в линию продуктов регенерации 10 и далее в отстойник (не показан) в течение 15-30 мин. Фильтры 5 второй стадии фильтрации дополнительно регенерируют через 240-360 ч. При этом сначала осуществляют регенерацию углеродного материала водновоздушной смесью, как указано выше. Затем в линию регенерации 9 подают пар с температурой 120-200^oC в количестве 0,5-1 кг/ч на каждый кг углеродного материала в течение 20-60 мин. При этом высокопористый углеродный материал подвергают регенерации при кипячении воды непосредственно в фильтре 5 с удалением продуктов, сорбированных в порах углеродного материала, в линию продуктов регенерации 10. Завершают регенерацию промывкой слоя водо-воздушной смесью при указанных выше соотношениях воды и воздуха и временем в течение 15-30 мин.The source water is fed into the mixing column 1, which is also fed through a special dispersant ozone-air mixture, providing an ozone concentration of 1.5-10 g / m ³ water. The water enriched with ozone is sent to a container 2, in which the oxidative processes of water treatment continue for 25-30 minutes. From the tank 2, the ozone-treated water is pumped 3 to the filter of the first filtration stage 4, where the water passes from top to bottom at a speed of 8-10 m / h through a layer of mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 1-3.5 mm, specific surface area for nitrogen 15- 18 m ² / g, pore capacity 0.05-0.06 cm ³ / g, crushing strength 250-5000 kg / cm ³ , preferred pore size 500-2000

whose height provides a contact time of water with carbon material of 10-15 minutes. From the filter of the first filtration stage 4, water is sent to the filter of the second filtration stage 5, where water also passes from top to bottom at a speed of 8-15 m / h through a layer of mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 0.5-2.5 mm, a specific surface for nitrogen 450-600 m ² / g, pore capacity 0.6-1 cm ³ / g, crushing strength 100-350 kg / cm ³ , preferred pore size 20-1000

, the height of which provides a contact time of water with carbon material of 10-25 minutes (to ensure the necessary contact time, two filters of the second filtration stage can be installed in series, as shown in the drawing). After filter 5, water is fed into a container of purified water 6, from which it is sent for re-ozonation to a mixing column 7, from which purified and decontaminated water is sent to a consumer in a storage tank (not shown) by pump 8. Periodically, after 24 hours, the carbon material of the first and second filtration stages is regenerated. In this case, the water supply is stopped by pump 3 to the filter 4, and by pump 8 to the storage tank, and also the ozone-air mixture is supplied to the mixing columns 1 and 7. Pump 8 serves purified water from the tank 6 through the mixing column 7 to the filter regeneration line 9, at the same time, air is supplied to it from a compressor (not shown). The air-water mixture from line 9 is sent to the filters 4 and 5 from bottom to top through a layer of carbon material. At a water flow rate of 7-25 m / h and an air flow rate of 2-3 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} supplied water, the oxidation products of complex compounds contained in the water and trapped in the layer of carbon material are removed from the filters into the line of regeneration products 10 and then into sedimentation tank (not shown) for 15-30 minutes. The filters 5 of the second filtration stage are additionally regenerated after 240-360 hours. At the same time, the carbon material is first regenerated with an air-water mixture, as described above. Then in the regeneration line 9 serves steam with a temperature of 120-200 ^o C in an amount of 0.5-1 kg / h for each kg of carbon material for 20-60 minutes In this case, the highly porous carbon material is subjected to regeneration by boiling water directly in the filter 5 with the removal of products sorbed in the pores of the carbon material into the line of regeneration products 10. The regeneration is completed by washing the layer with a water-air mixture at the above ratios of water and air and time for 15 -30 minutes.

. Высота слоя составляет 2000 мм. Скорость подачи воды сверху вниз составляет 9,6 м/ч, время контакта с углеродным материалом 12,5 мин. Из фильтра 4 воду подают в фильтр 5 со слоем углеродного материала с размером зерен 1-2 мм, удельной поверхностью по азоту 500 м²/г, емкостью пор 0,8 см³/г, прочностью на раздавливание 200 кг/см³, преимущественным размером пор 20-1000

, высота 2000 мм, скорость подачи воды сверху вниз 9,6 м/ч, время контакта с углеродным материалом 12,5 мин. Из фильтра 5 воду подают в емкость 6 и далее в смесительную колонну 7, в которую подают озоно-воздушную смесь исходя из концентрации озона, равной 0,5 г/м³ очищаемой воды. На выходе из колонны 7 вода имела цветность 15^o, мутность 0,7 мг/л, содержала органических веществ 0,1 мг/л, железа 0,2 мг/л, марганца 0,08 мг/л. Через 24 ч работы установки цветность очищенной воды повышается, что указывает на необходимость регенерации углеродных материалов в фильтрах 4 и 5.Example 1. The proposed method for producing drinking water purifies water from a well with a color of 120 ^o , a turbidity of 2.0 mg / l, containing 25 mg / l of organic substances, 1.5 mg / l of iron, 0.5 mg / l of manganese. The source water is fed into the mixing column 1, the ozone-air mixture is fed into it based on the concentration of ozone per 1 m ^{3 of} purified water, equal to 1.5 g / m ³ . The residence time of water in the mixing column is 5 minutes, then the water is sent to a container 2, where the residence time is 25 minutes. From tank 2, water is pumped 3 to filter 4 with a layer of carbon material with a grain size of 1-2 mm, a specific surface area for nitrogen of 16 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 0.2 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 400 kg / cm ³ , the predominant pore size of 500-2000

. The layer height is 2000 mm. The top-down water feed rate is 9.6 m / h, the contact time with the carbon material is 12.5 minutes. From filter 4, water is supplied to filter 5 with a layer of carbon material with a grain size of 1-2 mm, a specific surface area for nitrogen of 500 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 0.8 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 200 kg / cm ³ , advantageous pore size 20-1000

, height 2000 mm, water flow from top to bottom 9.6 m / h, contact time with carbon material 12.5 min. From filter 5, water is supplied to a container 6 and then to a mixing column 7, into which an ozone-air mixture is supplied based on an ozone concentration of 0.5 g / m ^{3 of} purified water. At the outlet of column 7, the water had a color of 15 ^o , a turbidity of 0.7 mg / L, contained organic substances 0.1 mg / L, iron 0.2 mg / L, manganese 0.08 mg / L. After 24 hours of operation, the color of the purified water increases, which indicates the need for the regeneration of carbon materials in filters 4 and 5.

The pump 3 is stopped, the supply of the ozone-air mixture to the columns 1 and 7 is stopped. The pump 8 serves purified water from the tank 6 through the column 7 to the regeneration line 9, at the same time air is supplied from the compressor. In this case, the water velocity from bottom to top in the filter 4 is 25 m / h, the air flow is 2 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} supplied water. The regeneration time is 20 minutes. When regenerating carbon material in the filter 5, the flow rate of water from bottom to top is 15 m / h, air consumption is 2 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} water, the regeneration time is 20 minutes. After regeneration of the carbon material in filters 4 and 5, the color of the purified water at the outlet does not exceed 15-20 ^° with a periodicity of 360 hours. After 360 hours of operation of the installation, the color, the content of iron and manganese in the purified water, and after air-water regeneration, increase. In this case, the highly porous carbon material is regenerated in the filter 5 by boiling it in water heated by supplying steam with a temperature of 150 ^° C in an amount of 0.6 kg / h per 1 kg of carbon material for 30 minutes, followed by washing the layer with water at a speed 15 m / h and air consumption of 2 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} water for 20 minutes After regeneration of the filter 5 by supplying steam to the layer of carbon material, the color of the purified water is 15-20 ^o , the iron content is 0.2-0.25 mg / l, manganese 0.08-0.09 mg / l.

. Время контакта 15 мин при скорости воды 8 м/ч. Углеродный материал в фильтре 5 имеет размер зерен 0,5-2,5 мм, удельную поверхность по азоту 600 м²/г, емкость пор 1,0 см³/г, прочность на раздавливание 100 кг/см³, преимущественный размер пор 20-1000

. Время контакта 25 мин при скорости воды 8 м/ч. В смесительную колонну 7 подают озоно-воздушную смесь исходя из концентрации озона 0,5 г/м³ очищаемой воды. На выходе из колонны 7 вода имеет цветность 20^o, мутность 0,8 мг/л, содержание органических веществ 0,1 мг/л, железа 0,22 мг/л, марганца 0,08 мг/л. Цветность очищенной воды повышается через 24 ч.Example 2. The source water from the wells contains iron 6.5 mg / L, manganese 0.6 mg / L, organic matter 30 mg / L, color is 150 ^o , turbidity 2.0 mg / L. The concentration of ozone supplied to the column 1 is 10 g / m ^{3 of} purified water, the residence time of the water in the column is 5 minutes, and in the tank 2-25 minutes. The carbon material in the filter 4 has a size of 1-3.5 mm, a specific surface area for nitrogen of 18 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 0.6 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 250 kg / cm ³ , the preferred pore size of 500-2000

. Contact time 15 min at a water speed of 8 m / h. The carbon material in the filter 5 has a grain size of 0.5-2.5 mm, a specific surface area for nitrogen of 600 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 1.0 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 100 kg / cm ³ , the preferred pore size of 20 -1000

. Contact time 25 min at a water speed of 8 m / h. The ozone-air mixture is fed into the mixing column 7 based on an ozone concentration of 0.5 g / m ^{3 of} purified water. At the outlet of column 7, water has a color of 20 ^° , a turbidity of 0.8 mg / L, an organic matter content of 0.1 mg / L, iron 0.22 mg / L, and manganese 0.08 mg / L. The color of purified water increases after 24 hours.

When regenerating filter 4, the water velocity is from bottom to top 25 m / h, air consumption is 3 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} water, the regeneration time is 30 minutes.

When regenerating the filter 5, the water velocity is from bottom to top 25 m / h, air consumption is 3 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} water, the regeneration time is 30 minutes.

Steam regeneration after 240 hours, as the color, iron and manganese content in purified water increase. The temperature of the steam supplied to the filter is 5-200 ^o C, the amount of 1 kg / h per 1 kg of carbon material for 60 minutes, followed by air-water washing at a speed of 25 m / h and an air flow rate of 3 m ³ per 1 m ³ water for 30 minutes After regeneration, the color of purified water is 20 ^o , the content of organic compounds is 0.1 mg / l, iron 0.25 mg / l, manganese 0.09 mg / l.

Example 3. Source water from an open reservoir with a color of 50 ^o , turbidity of 7.4 mg / l, iron content of 2.5 mg / l, manganese 0.55 mg / l, organic matter 30 mg / l, phenol 0.3 mg / l The concentration of ozone supplied to the column 1 is 3 g / m ^{3 of} purified water, the residence time of the water in the column is 5 minutes, and in the tank 2-25 minutes. The carbon material in the filter 4 is the same as in example 2, the contact time of water with the carbon material is 12 minutes at a top-down water flow rate of 10 m / h. The carbon material in the filter 5 is the same as in example 2, the contact time is 10 minutes at a feed speed of 15 m / h from top to bottom. The concentration of ozone supplied to the mixing column 7 is 0.5 g / m ^{3 of} purified water. At the outlet of column 7, water has a color of 20 ^° , turbidity of 0.6 mg / L, iron content of 0.26 mg / L, manganese 0.1 mg / L, organic matter 0.1 mg / L, phenol 0.0007. The regeneration of carbon materials is carried out in the same way as in example 27
An example of the prototype (and.with. N 1574545). Water with a color of 50 ^o , a turbidity of 7.2 mg / l, an iron content of 2.3 mg / l, manganese 0.5 mg / l, organic matter 25 mg / l, phenol 0.1 mg / l was purified in the installation according to .from. N 1574545. In this case, a contact clarifier according to a.s. N 1662626 with fuel slag loading of a thermal power station, the characteristic of which is close to the well-known slag characteristic of the Burshtyn state district power station with properties according to a.s. N 1662626. The concentration of ozone supplied to the contact column, while this is 3 g / m ^{3 of} purified water. The filtration rate is 9 m / h. The filter is rinsed after 10 hours by supplying water from the bottom up at a speed of 65 m / h (corresponding to an intensity of 18 dm ³ / m ² • s according to a.s. N 1662626) for 5 minutes. At the same time, at the outlet of the contact column, purified water has a color of 30 ^o , a turbidity of 1.6 mg / l, an iron content of 0.8 mg / l, manganese 0.3 mg / l, organic matter 5 mg / l, phenol 0.05 mg / l

 The results of water purification are shown in the table in comparison with the known method implemented in the water preparation station, according to as N 1574545.

 The data presented in the table show that the proposed method for producing drinking water from natural waters with a high content of metal complex compounds with organic substances makes it possible to obtain water at relatively low additional costs in accordance with the requirements of GOST 2874-82 "Drinking water" and MPC standards.

 The known method of water purification does not provide the specified requirements (turbidity of purified water 1.6-1.8 mg / l, standard requirements 1.5 mg / l; iron content 0.8 mg / l, standard requirements 0.3 mg / l; manganese 0.3 mg / l, requirements of the standard 0.1; phenol 0.05 mg / l, MPC norm 0.001 mg / l).

Claims (3)

1. A method of producing drinking water, including its preliminary ozonation, filtration in a granular filter material, material regeneration, secondary ozonation, characterized in that the water is filtered in two stages, passing it from top to bottom in the first stage at a speed of 8 10 m / h through mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 1.0 3.5 mm, a specific nitrogen surface of 15 18 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 0.05 0.6 cm ³ / g, crushing strength of 250 500 kg / cm ³ , the preferred size pore 500 2000

at a contact time of 10 15 min, in the second stage with a speed of 8 15 m / h through a mesoporous carbon material with a grain size of 0.5 to 2.5 mm, a specific surface area for nitrogen of 450 - 600 m ² / g, a pore capacity of 0.6 1 , 0 cm ³ / g, crushing strength 100 350 kg / cm ³ , predominant pore size 20 1000

at a contact time of 10 25 minutes, while preliminary ozonation of water is carried out at an ozone concentration of 1.5 to 10 g / m ³ for 25 to 30 minutes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the carbon material is regenerated in the first and second stages of filtration by a stream of water from below at a speed of 15 25 m / h with a simultaneous supply of air in an amount of 2 3 m ³ per 1 m ^{3 of} supplied water for 20 30 min with a frequency of 24 hours 3. The method according to PP.1 and 2, characterized in that they carry out additional regeneration of the carbon material of the second stage by boiling it in water, heated by supplying steam with a temperature of 120,200 ^° C in an amount of 0.5 to 1.0 kg / s per each kg of carbon material for 20-60 minutes with a frequency of 240 360 hours

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