RU2082859C1 - Face lintel for openings in stone building walls - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: civil engineering, intended for newly erected, reconstructed stone buildings where decorative finishing of facades and interiors is provided. SUBSTANCE: lintel is made in the form of angled- section beam in opening span, and of T-section beam, on supports, whose horizontal flange is built in masonry, and vertical one projects from wall plane and has decorative scheme on face side. To fix lintel in design position at erection, vertical flange directed downwards tightly adjoins partition masonry with its lower part. To eliminate moisture that can get the wall masonry and vertical flange, lintel is furnished with drain holes arranged in horizontal flange near the internal rib. Lintels may be made of any configuration: straight, arched, curvilinear, etc.; and the decorative scheme of the lintel vertical flange may be very different and made in accordance with the architect's conception. EFFECT: considerable saving of expenditures connected with labour and materials due to exclusion of manual labour. 3 cl, 10 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to civil engineering, in particular to the construction of walls of erected, reconstructed and restored stone buildings in those cases when decorative decoration of facades and interiors is used.

 Known lintels for openings in the walls of stone buildings made of steel corners, plastered or lined with curly bricks (Typical structures and details of buildings and structures. Series 2. 130-1, issue 1. m. 1969, p. 46).

 The use of corner jumpers is associated with the waste of metal and the additional costs of protecting it from corrosion.

 Closest to the proposed technical essence is the lintel, made in the form of a reinforced concrete beam, having a corner section in the span, the horizontal shelf of which is located at the bottom, made with a height equal to the height of the brick, and sealed in masonry (SU, ed. St. N 787593, C. E 04 C 3/20, 1980).

 Such jumpers have different heights depending on the width of the opening and overlying loads and a significant consumption of material and labor for their manufacture and installation.

 The objective of the invention is to reduce the complexity and consumption of materials, increase the architectural expressiveness of buildings and the stability of the lintel from capsizing.

 The problem is solved in that the lintel is made in the form of a reinforced concrete beam having a corner section in the span of the opening, and on the supports it is tee, its horizontal shelf has dimensions corresponding to the height and width of the brick, and the vertical shelf extends beyond the masonry plane and has a decorative design, consistent with the plan of the architect.

 To remove atmospheric moisture that can penetrate between the vertical shelf and the wall masonry above the opening, drainage holes are arranged in the horizontal shelf of the lintel of the vertical shelf and parallel to it.

 Thus, the essence of the invention lies in combining in one element a constructive and decorative function, which reduces the cost of materials and labor costs during the construction of a building and the decoration of its facades, as well as during reconstruction or restoration of buildings.

 Figure 1 shows the front jumper, a General view; figure 2 fragment of the wall with an aperture and a jumper; figure 3 section aa in figure 1; figure 4 is a section bb in figure 1; figure 5 is a vertical section of the wall at the installation of the jumper, figure 6-10 embodiments of the jumper.

 The front lintel 1 for the walls of 2 stone buildings is made in the form of a beam, which has a corner section in the span, and on the supporting parts there is a T-section, which ensures the stability of the bridge from tipping over when it is installed in the design position.

 The horizontal shelf is made over the entire length of the beam, located on the bottom of the beam and has a height and width equal to the height and width of the brick.

 The vertical shelf 4 of the timber is located on the front side of the wall 2 with a protrusion 5 of it beyond the surface of the latter. The supporting parts of the timber are embedded in the masonry of wall 2. The lintel may have a different outline in the plane of the wall: arched, broken, etc. (Fig. 2, 6 and 7). However, the shelf of the angular section of the bridge 1 in the span always remains horizontal (Fig. 3 and 4). The vertical shelf 4 can have any decorative design: a "wedge-shaped bridge" (Fig. 1) of a triangular pediment "(Fig. 8)," kokoshnik "(Fig. 9), boards with stucco molding (Fig. 10), etc.

 A T-section is formed by letting the vertical shelf 4 down parallel to the plane of the wall 2 (Figs. 1 and 3), partially framing the upper part of the opening 6 like a platband. This T-section of the jumper 1 on the supporting parts gives it stability during installation.

 In the case of a curved shape of the lintel 1 in the plane of the wall 2 when moving into the zone of abutment on the piers, the horizontal shelf 3 is rotated parallel to the rows of masonry, which ensures its normal installation (Fig. 4).

 With new construction, the installation of jumpers 1 is carried out in the process of laying walls 2 so that the horizontal shelf 3 rests on the piers, and the vertical shelf 4 with its lower part on the supporting parts of the bridge 1 adjoins close to the masonry. This will ensure the stability of the jumper 1 from tipping over.

 In order to drain the atmosphere of moisture, which can get between the masonry and the vertical shelf 4 of the jumper 1, it is necessary to avoid getting the solution into the drainage holes 7 located at the vertical shelf 4 and parallel to it. For the same reason, do not fill the solution with the vertical seam between the masonry and the vertical shelf 4 of the bridge 1.

 When reconstructing or restoring buildings for the horizontal shelf of lintel 1, the nests are knocked out in the walls and the upper quarter of the opening 6 is knocked down. Then, by setting the lintel 1 in the design position, the seams between it and the existing masonry are stained with mortar on expanding cement.

 The invention allows to dramatically increase the architectural expressiveness of buildings, especially individual residential buildings, revive the old Russian tradition, decorate window and doorways with various, artistically decorated platbands.

 If necessary, such decorative work on the facades in terms of framing the window and door openings, traditional methods of performing these works are extremely time-consuming due to the greater contribution of manual labor and on-site construction work from suspended cradles or scaffolds.

 When using jumpers 1, labor costs are dramatically reduced during the construction and decoration of walls 2 due to the exclusion of these manual works. Jumper 1 with decorative design is immediately installed in the design position without additional labor costs for decorative work.

 In restoration work, the use of jumpers 1 will reduce labor and material costs.

Claims (3)

 1. Facing lintel for openings in the walls of stone buildings, made in the form of a beam having a corner section in the span, the horizontal shelf of which is located at the bottom, made with a height equal to the height of the brick and embedded into the masonry, characterized in that the horizontal shelf is made for the whole the length of the beam and has a width equal to the width of the brick, and the supporting parts of the beam have a T-section, with a vertical shelf located on the front side of the wall with a protrusion beyond the surface of the latter.  2. The jumper according to claim 1, characterized in that the front part of the vertical shelf is made with decorative design.  3. Jumper 1 and 2, characterized in that the horizontal shelf is made with drainage holes located at the vertical shelf and parallel to the latter.

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