RU2081698C1 - Packing of rectification column - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: technological rectification equipment. SUBSTANCE: the offered packing has vertical tube 1 accommodating heat- and mass-transfer devices square to its axis. Heat- and mass-transfer devices have porous members spaced over tube axis. Porous members are formed of alternating trays 2 and 3 separated by circular spacer 4. Tray 2 is made in form of disk with central hole 5 and periphery flanging 6 directed upward and tightly engageable with tube 1 over its entire perimeter. Central hole of tray 2 may be circular, star-shaped or polygonal. Tray 3 is made in form of flat part formed by polygon 7 engageable with its extreme protruding sections 8 with tube 1 to form gap between tray 3 and tube 1 to pass steam. Flat part may be made in form of circle 9 with projections 10 on edges or in form of circle 11 with cutouts limited by arches 12. Disk and flat part may be made of screen panel. Spacer 4 may be made in form of closed into ring wire spiral with extended coils in form of twisted band closed into ring, or in form of cross-shaped member. This member may be formed by wire spiral with extended coils. All described structural members of packing are permeable for steam. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 8 cl, 11 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to technological distillation equipment and, in particular, to nozzles of distillation columns.

 The closest in technical essence and technical result achieved to the claimed one is a distillation column nozzle formed by a vertical pipe and heat and mass transfer devices placed in the pipe perpendicular to its axis, containing porous elements spaced along the pipe axis, separated by spacers / cm. e.g. A.S. USSR N 86849, class B01D 3/22, 1949 /.

 However, this nozzle does not have sufficient effectiveness, since it does not provide reflux and steam flows symmetrical with respect to each other, does not exclude the possibility of reflux seeping along the column walls and mixing this stream with reflux on the underlying heat and mass transfer devices, which reduces productivity and violates the ideal fractionation mode. In addition, this nozzle is difficult to assemble / requires orientation in the cross section of the pipe of the column of the subsequent porous element relative to the previous one /.

 The technical result to which the claimed nozzle is aimed is to increase its efficiency by organizing axisymmetric movement of the reflux and steam inside the column pipe, the complete absence of phlegm leakage along the pipe inner wall, bypassing heat and mass transfer devices, which leads to the approximation of the processes in the column to ideal and essential increasing the clarity of fractionation even near the azeotropic point.

 To achieve the specified technical result in a known nozzle of a distillation column formed by a vertical pipe and heat and mass transfer devices placed in the pipe perpendicular to its axis, containing porous elements spaced along the pipe axis, separated by spacers, porous elements are formed by alternating plates, one of which is made in the form of a disk with a central hole and upward peripheral flanging for interaction with the pipe along its entire perimeter, and the second in the form of a flat part interacting with its extreme protruding sections with the pipe to form a gap between them for the passage of steam, and the spacer is made vapor-permeable. In this case, the flat part can be made in the form of a polygon, in the form of a circle with protrusions at the edges. The disk and the flat part can be made of mesh fabric. The spacer can be made in the form of a wire spiral closed in a ring with stretched turns, in the form of a twisted tape closed in a ring, or in the form of a cross-shaped element. The cross-shaped element can be formed by a wire spiral with stretched turns.

 Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of the nozzle of a distillation column.

 Figure 2 shows a section aa of figure 1 with a plate having a circular central hole.

 Figure 3 shows the same, with a plate having a star-shaped central hole.

 Figure 4 shows the same, with a plate having a polygonal hole.

 Figure 5 shows a section bB of figure 1 with a plate in the form of a polygon.

 Figure 6 shows the same, with a plate in the form of a circle with protrusions at the edges.

 In FIG. 7 depicts the same, with a plate in the form of a circle with cutouts bounded by arcs.

 In FIG. 8 shows a spacer in the form of a wire spiral closed in a ring with stretched turns.

 In FIG. 9 shows a spacer in the form of a twisted tape closed in a ring.

 Figure 10 shows a spacer in the form of a cross-shaped element.

 Figure 11 shows a spacer, the cross-shaped element of which is made in the form of a spiral with stretched turns.

 The distillation column nozzle contains a vertical pipe 1 and heat and mass transfer devices placed in the pipe perpendicular to its axis, containing porous elements spaced along the axis of the pipe. Elements are formed by alternating plates 2 and 3, separated by an annular spacer 4. Plate 2 is made in the form of a disk with a central hole 5 and peripheral flanging 6. Flanging 6 is directed upward and interacts closely with pipe 1 around its entire perimeter. The Central hole of the plate 2 can be made round (Fig. 2/, star-shaped / Fig. 3/ or polygonal / Fig. 4/. The plate 3 is made in the form of a flat part formed by the polygon 7/5 / interacting with its extreme protruding sections 8 with the pipe 1 to form a gap "a" between the plate 3 and the pipe 1 for the passage of steam. The flat part can be made in the form of a circle 9 with protrusions 10 at the edges / Fig. 6/ or in the form of a circle 11 with cutouts bounded by arcs 12 / Fig. 7/. The disk and the flat part can be made of mesh fabric. The spacer 4 can be made in the form of a closed in a ring wire spiral with stretched turns / Fig. 8 /, in the form of a twisted tape closed in a ring / Fig. 9/ or in the form of a cross-shaped element / Fig. 10/. The cross-shaped element can be formed by a wire spiral with stretched turns. All the described structural design spacers provide its permeability to steam.

 The distillation column nozzle operates as follows. The steam enters the pipe 1 from below and rises upward, passing through the gaps "a" between the plate 3 and the pipe 1, and through the central hole 5 of the plate 2. Phlegm enters the pipe 1 from the top and, falling onto the plate 2, flows through its central hole 5 on the plate 3. The indicated sequence of placing the plates creates an organized zigzag axisymmetric movement of the vapors and reflux of the original product. Plates 2, 3 are made of porous material, the pores of which are so large that when the material is wetted with phlegm, a continuous film of liquid is formed on the plates due to surface tension forces, which is impermeable to steam. In fact, the porous plates during the operation of the column are similar to a continuous plate with respect to steam and permeable to reflux.

 With the accumulation of phlegm on the plates, its excess seeps through their pores and form droplets on their lower surfaces. These reflux droplets move in the direction of steam movement under the plate, as shown in FIG. 1 by thin lines. For plates 2, this movement occurs from the periphery to the center, and for plates 3 from the center to the periphery. The accumulated excess of phlegm drips from the final border of its movement on the plate to the next plate, for example, from the edges of the hole 5 of the plate 2 onto the plate 3. In addition, the plates 2, which contact the walls of the pipe 1 with their peripheral flanging 6 due to the wetting effect, provide complete phlegm flowing from the pipe wall to this plate. This movement of steam and phlegm leads to the intensification of heat and mass transfer processes in the column, and consoles in the form of wire spirals closed in a ring with stretched turns or twisted tapes also play the role of turbulators, which ensure uniform distribution of steam in the cross section of the column and improve its mixing.

 As a result of the organized interaction on the developed surfaces of the plates of steam rising up the pipe and phlegm flowing down, the steam is saturated with low-boiling phlegm components, and phlegm is saturated with heavy-boiling components of steam condensing at phlegm. The described design of the nozzle makes this process very efficient and clear due to the absence of steam breakthrough, bypassing the plates, up and the absence of reflux, bypassing the plates, down.

Claims (8)

 1. The distillation column nozzle formed by a vertical pipe and heat and mass transfer devices placed perpendicular to its axis, containing porous elements spaced along the axis of the pipe, separated by spacers, characterized in that the porous elements are formed by alternating plates, one of which is made in the form of a disk with a central hole and upwardly directed peripheral flanging for interaction with the pipe along its entire perimeter, and the second in the form of a flat part interacting with its extreme height upayuschimi portions with the pipe to form a gap therebetween for the passage of steam, and vapor-permeable spacer is formed.  2. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat part is made in the form of a polygon.  3. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat part is made in the form of a circle with protrusions at the edges.  4. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks and the flat part are made of mesh fabric.  5. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer is made in the form of a wire spiral closed in a ring with stretched turns.  6. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer is made in the form of a twisted tape closed in a ring.  7. The nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the spacer is made in the form of a cross-shaped element.  8. The nozzle in paragraphs. 1 and 7, characterized in that the cross-shaped element is formed by a wire spiral with stretched turns.

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