RU2081232C1 - Device for checking rail track position - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport; checking position of rail track. SUBSTANCE: device has the following instruments mounted on vehicle: measured track section beginning pulse shaper 1, track plan position pickup 2, track cross-profile position pickup 4, track gauge pickup 5. Outputs of all pickups are coupled with digital signal switch 9 whose output is connected by communication line 10 with computer unit 11 for delivering serial code signals to its input. Outputs of this unit is connected to recording unit 12. Output of shaper 1 is connected with measured track section counter 13. Shaper 1 and counter 13 form covered distance pickup. Counter 13 is connected by one output with digital signal switch 9 to deliver parallel digital code corresponding to measured value of covered distance to switch 9. Second output of counter 13 is connected with input of operation/check selector switch 14 whose output is connected to control input of multiple-channel signal storage unit 15 of pickups which are of analogue type and are connected by their outputs to inputs of unit, and is connected with control input of storage unit 16 which is made in form of multiple-channel angle-code converter to which outputs of above indicated pickups are connected, pickups being built around photoelectric or electromagnetic displacement converters. Output of unit 16 is connected with input of digital signal switch 9 to deliver parallel digital code to switch. Storage unit 15 is connected by its multiple channel analogue outputs to inputs of analogue signal switch 17 provided with control input and connected by output with analogue-to-digital converter 18 for alternate transmission of selective values of analogue signals to converter. Outputs of analogue-to-digital converter 18 are connected with inputs of digital signal switch 9. Device has also pulse distributor and clock pulse generator 20 connected by its output with distributor, outputs of angle-code converter 16, measured track section counter 13 and analogue-to-digital converter 18. Pulse distributor and clock pulse generator 20 form control unit. Pulse distributor 19 is connected by its outputs with input of operation/check selector switch 14, with control input of analogue signal switch 17 and control input of digital signal switch 9. Device can be provided also with depth pickup 6 to determine position of rail track under water, and left- hand and right-hand rail condition pickups 7,8, respectively, connected similar to those indicated above. EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities. 5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of systems for measuring the spatial parameters of rail tracks or their deviations from the design. The invention can also be used to determine the coordinates of surface points of soil bumps of artificial and natural origin in conditions that make it difficult or impossible to make measurements by contact means, for example, in conditions different from normal atmospheric conditions, limited visibility and operator mobility, mainly when monitoring the underwater part rail tracks used for raising and lowering ships.

 A device for measuring the position of a rail track is known, comprising a track sensor mounted on a vehicle, a track position sensor in a plan, and a track position sensor in a longitudinal profile connected to a recording unit.

 This device is the closest analogue of the invention.

 A disadvantage of the known device is that it does not provide a measurement of the main characteristics of the rail track and necessitates the use of additional complex known devices for a wider range of studies of the track. This device cannot be used in hard-to-reach conditions, for example, when examining a rail track under water.

где dL среднеквадратичная ошибка;
V скорость перемещения транспортного средства;
f частота съема информации с датчиков;
n количество пройденных мерных отрезков пути;
i количество опрашиваемых датчиков.In addition, the moment of measuring the value of the parameter at the output of any sensor is not synchronized with the moment of taking information from it. This leads to a random error in the timing of the measured parameters. The most negative consequences associated with this affect the accuracy of measurements of the distance traveled and, as a result, the accuracy of fixing the spatial coordinates of the studied points, since when determining them using recursive formulas, data on the distance traveled is used as one of the factors. The root-mean-square error of measuring the path traveled by the vehicle, due to the mismatch of the moment the information was taken and the moment the sensor reads the measurement, is determined by the expression:

where dL is the mean square error;
V vehicle speed;
f frequency of information retrieval from sensors;
n the number of measured sections of the path;
i the number of sensors polled.

 Even at very low vehicle speeds, the error in measuring the distance traveled becomes dominant in the measurement errors of the parameters and excludes the possibility of obtaining accurate results.

 The technical result to which the invention is directed is to improve the accuracy of remote measurement of the position of the path by ensuring the coincidence of the moment of taking information and the moment of measuring sensor readings. In addition, the device is capable of operating using analog type sensors and sensors on photoelectric or electromagnetic converters.

 The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for measuring the spatial position of the rail track, comprising mounted on a vehicle moving along the track under study, a track sensor, a track position sensor in the plan and a track position sensor in the longitudinal profile, the outputs of which are connected to the recording unit, is provided a track position sensor in the transverse profile, a track gauge made by a multi-channel memory unit with one control input, a work / switch ontrol, by a digital signal switch with a control input, a computing unit and a control unit, the outputs of the gauges for gauge, track position in the plan, longitudinal profile and transverse profile are connected to the inputs of the memory unit, the outputs of the sensor of the traveled path and the control unit are connected to the control input of the memory unit through the work / control switch, the control input of the specified switch is connected to the control unit, and the output of this switch through the computing unit is connected to the recording unit.

 In addition, the device is equipped with a switch for analog signals and an analog-to-digital converter, and the outputs of the memory block made for analog signals through a switch for analog signals and an analog-to-digital converter are connected to a switch for digital signals, and this memory block can be made in the form of a multi-channel converter angle code, while the device is equipped with a sensor for immersion depth and integrity sensors of the left and right track rails connected to the corresponding inputs of the block Amyati.

 In FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a device for measuring the position of a rail track; in FIG. 2 projection of the rail profile on a vertical plane.

 A device for measuring the position of the rail track (Fig. 1) contains mounted on a vehicle moving along a track under study (not shown conventionally) a driver 1 of the pulse of the beginning of the measured section of the track, a sensor 2 of the track position in the plan, a sensor 3 of the track position in the longitudinal profile, a sensor 4 track positions in the transverse profile, gauge 5 gauge. In addition to these sensors, a sensor 6 for immersion depth, a sensor 7 and an integrity sensor 8, respectively, of the left and right track rails can be installed. These sensors 2, 3, 4 can be made gyroscopic. In addition, these sensors can be performed with an analog type output, for example, potentiometric, or on photoelectric or electromagnetic displacement transducers, for example synchro sensors, rotary transformers, which have greater accuracy compared to analog sensors. Sensors of the indicated types can be shared in the device. The outputs of all these sensors are connected to a digital signal switch 9, the output of which is connected by a communication line 10 to a computing unit 11 for supplying a serial signal code to its input. The output of this unit is connected to the recording unit 12. The output of the pulse former 1 of the beginning of the measured length of the path is connected to the input of the counter 13 of the measured lengths of the path, which is connected to the digital signal switch 9 by one output to supply a parallel digital code corresponding to the measured value of the distance traveled. The second output of the counter 13 is connected to the input of the switch 14 work / control. Shaper 1 and counter 13 form a sensor of the traveled path. The output of this switch is connected to the control input of the multi-channel block 15 of the memory of the analog signals of these analog type sensors. The sensors with their outputs are connected to the inputs of this block. The switch 14 is also connected to the control input of the multi-channel memory block 16 for digital signals. Sensors 2 8 are connected to this memory block 16 by outputs, which are made on photoelectric or electromagnetic displacement transducers. The output of the memory unit 16 is connected to the corresponding input of the switch 9 of digital signals for transmitting to it in parallel a digital code. The analog signal memory unit 15, with its multi-channel analog outputs, is connected to the inputs of the analog signal switch 17, made with a control input and connected to the output with an analog-to-digital converter 18 for alternately transmitting to it selected values of the analog signals of these analog type sensors. The outputs of the analog-to-digital Converter 18 are connected to the corresponding inputs of the switch 9 digital signals. The device is equipped with a pulse distributor 19 and a clock generator 20, which form a control unit connected by its outputs to this distributor, inputs of the digital signal memory unit 16, a counter 13 of measured lengths of the distance traveled, and an analog-to-digital converter 18. The pulse distributor 19 is connected to the input by its outputs switch 14 work / control, with the control input of the switch 17 analog signals and the control input of the switch 9 digital signals.

 A device for determining the spatial position of the rail track works as follows.

 In the process of moving along the studied path of the vehicle carrying the specified sensors 1 to 8, from the output of the counter 13 measuring segments of the traveled path, to which the driver 1 of the pulse of the beginning of the measuring segment is connected, the measured value of the traveled path in the form of a parallel digital code is fed to the inputs of the switch 9 digital signals . At the same time, from the second output of this counter 13, through the operation / control switch 14, a signal is obtained for allowing information from the sensors to be read to the control input of the multi-channel memory block 15 and the control input of the multi-channel memory block 16. If all the sensors are 1 8 or some of them are analog, then they are connected to the inputs of block 15. The latter, when an enable signal is applied to its control input, simultaneously selects and stores the voltage values of the input analog signals for all input analog channels until a new enable signal arrives at specified control input. The stored voltage values of the input analog signals are transmitted without change through the multi-channel analog outputs to the inputs of the switch 17 analog signals to connect sample values of the analog signals with the output of the sensors to the input of the analog-to-digital converter 18. The latter converts the analog signals into a parallel digital code that is fed to the switch 9 digital signals. If all the sensors 2 8 or some of them are made on photoelectric or electromagnetic displacement transducers, then their outputs are connected to the inputs of the multi-channel block 16 of the digital signal memory. Upon receipt of the permission signal for reading information from the switch 14 work / control to the control input of this memory block, the signals of the sensor outputs are simultaneously converted into a parallel digital code, which is fed to the inputs of the switch 9 of digital signals via multi-channel outputs of the memory block 16. The last received parallel digital codes from the memory unit 16 and from the analog-to-digital converter 9, as well as the signal from the counter 13 measuring segments, are converted into a serial digital code, which is transmitted through the communication line 10 to the input of the computing unit 11, and after processing in this block to the recording unit 12. The control pulse sequences are formed by the pulse distributor 19, from which the signals are fed to the operation / control switch 14, to the control input of the switch 17 and the control input of the switch 9 digits O signals. The pulse distributor 19 is triggered upon receipt of signals from the clock generator 20 connected to the input of the counter 13 measuring segments. Since the permission pulses for reading signals from the output of the sensors are generated in the counter 13 only at the moment of changing the value of the traveled path when the driver 1 of the pulse is the beginning of the measured segment, when the vehicle is stationary, the read permission pulses supplied in motion to the control input 15 of the block are not generated and information in this block is not recorded. To eliminate this, an operation / control switch 14 has been introduced into the device, providing a pulse sequence from the output of the pulse distributor 19 to the control input of block 15 instead of resolution pulses from the output of counter 13. As a result, block 15 reads information from the output of sensor 2 8. In the same way, the switch 14 operation / control ensures the operation of the device when the unit is turned on 16. This mode can be used to calibrate the read parameters, for example, for correction th track width or track for correcting the initial angular coordinates at the initial point of reference, and to evaluate the device performance.

Spatial characteristics based on information from rail track sensors are determined as follows (FIG. 2). FIG. 2:
β _i (1,0 1,2) the path deviation angle in the longitudinal profile (pitch), read from the gyro-vertical at each reference point;
L _{b the} length of the base of the measuring device;
1 m measured length of the path, determined by the sensor of the distance traveled, in the particular case of 1 m is equal to the circumference of the wheel;
Z _i (1,0 1,2) the vertical coordinate of the reference point;
X _i (1 0, 1, 2) the horizontal coordinate of the reference point.

It should be noted that the counter 13 measuring segments provides data on the length of the traveled section of the path and the binding of data from other sensors to it. His testimony is related to the angular position of one of the wheels of the transport platform used as a measuring one. In the computing unit 11 provides the calculation of the number of measured segments, in the particular case of revolutions of the measuring wheel, when the vehicle is moving. The distance traveled is defined as
L dJ • n
where L is the length of the path traveled by the vehicle,
n the number of measured segments (revolutions of the measuring wheel);
dJ length of the measuring segment (circumference of the measuring wheel).

 The description of the spatial characteristics of the rail track is based on the linear-piecewise approximation of the spatial curve.

Горизонтальная координата отсчетной точки равна:

Относительный уклон в отсчетной точке равен
U_i=X_i/Z_i. (3)
Отклонения рельсового пути от первоначального направления в горизонтальной (азимутальной) плоскости в каждой отсчетной точке равно:

где Y_i отклонение проекции на горизонтальную плоскость отсчетной точки от первоначального направления рельсового пути в горизонтальной плоскости;
Φ_i угловое отклонение измерительного устройства в горизонтальной плоскости от первоначального направления, считываемое с азимутального гироскопа в каждой отсчетной точке.In accordance with FIG. 2 the vertical coordinate of the reference point is:

The horizontal coordinate of the reference point is:

The relative slope at the reference point is
U _i = X _i / Z _i . (3)
Deviations of the track from the original direction in the horizontal (azimuthal) plane at each reference point is equal to:

where Y _{i the} deviation of the projection onto the horizontal plane of the reference point from the original direction of the rail in the horizontal plane;
Φ _{i the} angular deviation of the measuring device in the horizontal plane from the original direction, read from the azimuthal gyroscope at each reference point.

The track width at the reference point is:
1k _i = k _o • (Ng) + αk _o (5)
where N _g the gauge of the gauge at the reference point;
k _{0 is the} coefficient of proportionality;
αk _{o the} initial constant having the dimension of length.

где h_лi превышение левого рельса в отсчетной точке;
h_пi превышение правого рельса в отсчетной точке;
1k_i ширина колеи в отсчетной точке;
γ_i угол наклона, считываемый с гировертикали в отсчетной точке.The excess of the left and right rail over the line passing in the middle of the rail track, the coordinates of which are described by equations (1), (2), (4) is characterized by the following equations:

where h _{l the} excess of the left rail at the reference point;
h _pi excess of the right rail at the reference point;
1k _i track width at the reference point;
γ _{i the} angle of inclination read from the vertical in the reference point.

Следует отметить, что в качестве датчика ширины колеи может быть использовано механическое устройство, преобразующее с помощью системы рычагов расстояние между рельсами в угол поворота измерительного потенциометра, или ультразвуковой эхо-импульсный дальномер. Принцип действия такого датчика основан на измерении времени задержки принимаемого эхо-импульса при изменении расстояния до отражающей плоскости. В качестве гироскопических датчиков могут использоваться известные, применяемые в системах ориентации летательных аппаратов. Выходящая из вычислительного блока 11 информация поступает на регистрирующий блок 12. Здесь итоговая информация может быть представлена на экран дисплея в виде графиков или таблиц данных, которые при необходимости переносятся на бумажный носитель информации. Питание всех элементов устройства может осуществляться как от стационарной сети, так и от автоматического блока питания.Formulas (1) (4) cover the general case of piecewise linear approximation of the trajectory for 1 m <> L _b . For the partial case when 1 m L _{b the} above formulas take the following form:

It should be noted that a mechanical device that converts the distance between the rails into the angle of rotation of the measuring potentiometer, or an ultrasonic echo pulse range finder, can be used as a gauge of track gauge. The principle of operation of such a sensor is based on measuring the delay time of the received echo pulse when the distance to the reflecting plane changes. As gyroscopic sensors can be used known, used in orientation systems of aircraft. The information coming out of the computing unit 11 is fed to the recording unit 12. Here, the resulting information can be presented on the display screen in the form of graphs or data tables, which, if necessary, are transferred to a paper storage medium. All elements of the device can be powered from a stationary network or from an automatic power supply.

Claims (5)

 1. A device for measuring the position of a rail track, comprising a track mounted sensor, a track position sensor in a plan and a track position sensor in a longitudinal profile connected to a recording unit, characterized in that it is equipped with a track position sensor in a transverse profile, a sensor track width made by a multi-channel memory block with one control input, work / control switch, digital signal switch with control input, computing unit and control unit the outputs of the gauges of the gauge, track position in plan, longitudinal profile and transverse profile are connected to the inputs of the memory unit, the outputs of the sensor of the traveled path and the control unit are connected to the control input of the memory unit through the work / control switch, the control input of the specified switch is connected to the control unit, and the output of this switch through the computing unit is connected to the recording unit.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a switch for analog signals and an analog-to-digital converter, and the outputs of a memory block made for analog signals are connected to a switch for digital signals through an analog signals switch and an analog-to-digital converter.  3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that said memory unit is made in the form of a multi-channel angle code converter.  4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with an immersion depth sensor connected to one of the inputs of the specified memory block.  5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with integrity sensors of the left and right track rails connected to the corresponding inputs of the indicated memory block.

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