JPS61112914A - Angle measuring device particularly for geodetic instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

(57) [Summary] This bulletin contains application data before electronic filing, so abstract data is not recorded.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a rotary minute scale having an incremental graduated scale row as a measuring scale, inter alia for geodetic instruments. a pulse generator that divides each graduation interval into an equal number of parts, and an optoelectronic scanning system for measuring the interval value and the interpolation value, provided that these scanning systems are diametrically arranged relative to an axis or vertical axis, rotatable as a pair about that axis, or fixedly arranged at an angle of variable magnitude);
An angle measuring device comprising means for optical reading of a dual distribution disc and subsequently arranged devices for evaluation and display of measured values. This device is suitable for use in all geodetic and precision measuring instruments for measuring horizontal and vertical angles, as well as for initiating and displaying various angles, i.e. for example theodolites, rangefinders, Used in angle scale measuring devices, goniometers, protractors, etc.

It is known to use protractors with a certain scale accuracy in various measuring instruments. In various geodetic instruments that measure angles, inherent scale errors must be removed by making a number of measurements and sliding the protractor before each new measurement. This is only possible to a certain extent and only gives a certain precision. By reading the dial electro-optically, it is possible to read the dial incrementally or absolutely in many positions using a one-stage reading system or a two-stage reading system. A one-step protractor reading provides only limited accuracy when the protractor does not get very large. More precise dials are read in two stages by means of a micrometer, with one readout of the dial being a combination of a phase reading and a precision reading. Coarse scale readings are made by incremental and absolute readings, while fine readings are made by counting incrementally. The overall reading is given for both readings (CH444508).

Interpolation to obtain precise readings can be carried out by mechanical and optical means, or also electronically in the case of multiple scanning of the protractor (phase measurement method). . This phase measurement method achieves a high resolution and increased precision of the incremental readings. The incremental measuring method of the protractor dial allows all optoelectronic (zero)
ρtoe1. ect-ronjsch) has the disadvantage of requiring continuous electrical current since the components are in constant operation. Secondly, the zero point is checked after each switch-on process, and the angular dependence is eliminated after each switch-off process.

Changes in movement and deformation of the device result in additional display changes. Absolute readings do not exhibit such drawbacks.

To limit the trace effort for complete encoding, serial coding is used and read dynamically. This absolute reading system is comparable in accuracy to optical reading methods with the naked eye. While the incremental reading method results in an addition of the individual graduation errors, this is not possible with the absolute reading method. Here, the total scale error must be eliminated by manual sliding adjustment of the protractor, as is customary, for example, in theodolites. From Swiss Patent No. 372,847, a device for testing a protractor scale is known, in which the scale error of a protractor is determined using a rotating protractor.

East German Patent No. 117]15 describes a device and a method for converting angles into numerical values and for encoding angles. This method requires that it is done completely incrementally and that any contamination or any short-term deformation in the reading system will affect the measurement result, and each measurement must be taken at a different scale. That is a drawback.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION Except for the above-mentioned drawbacks, the present invention provides high accuracy for all accuracy levels, high measurement certainty, low cost of measuring means, and angle measurement that eliminates scale errors. The purpose is to do something.

The problem of the present invention is to provide an angle measuring device equipped with a rotary protractor.
To be configured to eliminate the influence of the protractor scale error and reading error without requiring a complete rotation of the protractor when determining the angle during measurement using a coarse measurement stage and a precision measurement stage. It is.

[Structure of the invention]

Means for Solving the Problems According to the invention, the above object is achieved by providing at least one fully coded graduation row for the rotary protractor coaxially with the incremental score graduation row. provided that the graduation lines of the rotary protractor in one reading position form an index for each graduation column in the other reading position and that producing an average value only for the interpolated values; the magnitude of the angle between the fixed scanning system and the rotatable scanning system is determined from the reading of the coded graduation and the interpolated measurement; and The solution is that the measuring graduation and the fully coded graduation are read simultaneously by the above-mentioned fixed scanning system and by the rotatable scanning system.

Scanning the graduations of a rotating protractor according to a computer program that is a function dependent on the graduation error of the dial; and that the rotatable scanning system and the fixed scanning system have the same scale in illumination or transmitted light from above to scan and detect the radial and diameter lines of the protractor. It is advantageous to read from above and below. Furthermore, the value of the tick interval is an average value produced from the number of individual 1' tick intervals of the H1'l constant series such that it encompasses the length of one codeword, the interpolation interval. that the value of is the average value formed from the number of interpolation intervals that also encompass the length of one codeword of the measuring scale, and that the values of the scale intervals and the interpolation interval values are on a protractor. to determine the average value of the angular magnitude read by each scanning system at a fixed or rotatable radial or diametric line, and also on both sides for a fully coded scale. and/or at least one or more fully coded graduations are provided concentrically on either side of the incremental score graduations. Advantageously, the interpolated value of the angular magnitude is obtained by creating a quotient from the average value of the graduation interval value and the interpolated interval value. It is also provided that - when the zero point mark coincides with the mark of the fixed scanning system, the actuation of the reading of the full scale scale at the mark of the rotatable scanning system is brought about and that the computer pulse signal is connected to the fixed scanning system. activating the reading of the fully coded scale simultaneously at the mark of the rotatable scanning system and at the mark of the rotatable scanning system;
It is also advantageous to form the power value of the angular magnitude from the difference between the two readings.

(According to the present invention, a rotary protractor is used to measure angles through phase measurement stages and precision measurement stages. and can be carried out to eliminate the effects of reading errors, which increases the accuracy and reliability of the measurement and allows angle measurements to be made using relatively small protractors with low cost of the measuring means. becomes.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The present invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying schematic drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a tripod 1 for horizontal leveling, a support base 2, a telescope 9, and a method for aiming at a target with this telescope 9.
2 shows a theodolite which requires a known basic structure consisting of a member 8 for precise adjustment of the support base 2. FIG. The theodolite has a rotatable protractor 14, a stationary scanning system 13 and 7, and a scanning system 18 and 19 that is rotatable with the distribution support 2. A telescopic axle 3 is inserted into the tripod, in which an upright shaft bushing 4 is fixedly arranged. A fixed scanning system 3 and 17 is provided centered on the upright shaft bushing 4 by means of a holder 16. The upright shaft 5 rotates within the upright shaft bushing 4,
A motor 6 is fixed in this shaft together with a connecting cable. The upright shaft 5 supports the rotatable scanning system 8 and 19 as well as the connection lines 20 and 21 for current supply and signal extraction together with the support base 2. Motor 6 drives shaft 12 via gear 27 and coupling 10;
This shaft rotates in a bearing J], which is fixedly connected to the upright shaft 5. This @ 12 supports a protractor support member 15 having a rotatable protractor 14 . The rotatable scanning system and the fixed scanning system 18, = 12-19.13 and 17 have the same distance from the vertical axis of rotation A-A, which axis extends through the center of the upright axis 5 and The instrument rotates around this together with the protractor 14. In this case, the scanning systems 13, 17 and 18.19 are arranged at a diameter of 2" from each other.

The function of each of these structural elements of the theodolite is known and therefore will not be described further here.

Next, to explain the aspect of angle measurement using the diagrammatic diagram shown in FIG. Only the measuring graduation row 24 is shown enlarged, since the rotary protractor 4 is provided with at least one fully coded graduation row concentrically with the measuring graduation row. ,
At least one incremental measuring graduation row is then provided concentrically on both sides with respect to this fully coded graduation row, and/or at least one row of incremental measuring graduations is provided concentrically on both sides with respect to the incremental measuring graduation row. This is because the complete coded scale array described above is provided. Scanning system 13.17 or 18. in which the diameter line O-○ or the radius line R is fixed or rotatable.
19, the rotatable scanning system 18
, ]9 are offset from each other by a certain angle α with respect to the fixed scanning system 13 and I7. In this case, the graduation lines of the rotary protractor 14 in one reading position form the index for the graduation in the other reading position, and vice versa. For scanning detection of the radial and diametric lines of the protractor 14, these rotatable and fixed scanning systems 18, 19, 13 and 17 carry out identical graduations from below in illuminating light from above or in transmitted light, and Scan detection from two sides. When the observer starts the measurement process, the protractor 14 is placed in a uniform rotation around 4i111 A - A, and the scale of this rotating protractor 14 is 1" graduation error of the protractor 14. The scan detection is performed according to a computer program which is a certain function depending on . The protractor 14 has a graduation row 24 which is used for interpolation and reading of the graduation rows 25 and 26 and for determining the value of the degree of the angle (see FIG. 3).

When the protractor 14 is rotated, each graduation row 24, 25 and 26 passes through the corresponding aperture (reading position AS) of the two scanning systems 17 and 18, and they are converted into electrical signals. Ru.

Instructions contained in the program of a microcomputer (not shown) cause the operation of software connected to that microcomputer by the operation of flip-flops 29, and each measuring position AS
17/25.17/26 and AS18/24 and 1
Each scale row 24, 25 and 2 at 8/26
6. Prepare for reading (Figure 4). Next, scale row 2
5 first mark is reading position AS 18/2
5, the pulse passes through the circuit 28 to the gate circuits 30 and 32 as follows: at the reading position AS 18/26 on the subsequent side Graduation 26 is read into register 31 via gate circuit 30 and at the same time read position AS
] At 7/24, the subsequent scale 24 is controlled to be recorded in the counter 33 via the goo 1 circuit 32.

This pulse additionally prepares the gate circuit 34 via the gate circuit 30 in such a way that the graduation column 25 can pass through this gate circuit at the measuring position AS 17/25.

Next, one mark on the scale row 25 is the reading position ^
Once the corresponding opening of S 17/25 has been passed, the gate circuit 32 interrupts the gate circuit 34 and thereby ends the counting of the graduation row 24 in the counter 33. The value found in counter 33 is 1°/
Represents the value of 10 angles.

The "1" mark on scale row 25 is the reading position AS
As soon as the corresponding opening of AS 17/25 coincides, the gate circuit for reading the graduation at reading position AS 17/26 into register 36 is opened. Reading into register 31 or 36 of graduation row 26 occurs when the second mark of graduation row 25 coincides with reading position AS 18/25 or AS 17/25 and an electrical signal interrupts gate circuit 30 or 35. finish. The coded contents G1 and G2 of registers 31 and 36 are subtracted (G1-G2) in the microcomputer, this difference representing the value of the degree of the angle. If G2 is larger than 61, that is, if the above difference is negative, then the angle difference (
Gl 7 G2) and the entire angle of the protractor 14, for example 4
00° is added. The marking of the graduation row 24 that appears together with the first mark of the graduation row 25 is gated by the pulse generated by the transmitter 39 when the first mark of the graduation row 25 coincides with the aperture subordinate thereto of the measuring position A 318/25. 42 and into the first interpolation interval counter 41 via the gating circuit 40 of its oscillator pulses. Measurement of the interpolated value of the angle is also started.

The first mark at measurement position AS 17/24 of scale row 24 interrupts gate circuit 40 and
Terminate the counting of pulses within 1. The contents a1 of this counter are received and stored in the computer.

At the same time, the first mark of the scale row 24 at the reading position AS 17/24 marks the circuit 44
The second graduation interval counter 45 is filled via , and the gating circuit 46 for reading the transmitter pulses into the second interpolation interval counter 47 is opened.

When the protractor 14 rotates further and the second mark of the scale row 24 coincides with the opening of the reading position AS 18/24, the electrical signal first interrupts the gate circuit 46 and outputs the counter 47. and secondly the contents of the first graduation interval counter 43 b
□ is taken by the microcomputer and erased.

The content c1 of the counter 47 represents the amount of correction for the interpolation interval value.

Similarly, the second graduation row 24 passes through the corresponding opening of the measuring position AS 17/24.
mark ends the H1 number of the second graduation interval counter 45, the content d1 of the counter 45 is then transferred to the computer and this counter 45 is erased.

Each subsequent mark in the graduation row 24 corresponds to a respective measuring position AS 17/24 and AS 18/24,! By repeating such a measuring process on the knee rollers, the counters 41, 43, 45 and 47 are constantly
, b, c, and d to a microcomputer, which writes and reads the information and stores it in memory. This memory contains, for example, 10 memory positions corresponding to the length of the code word for the values a, b, c, d, with the first information value a, from the counter 41 stores the second information value a2 in memory position M1.
is stored in memory position M2, a3 is stored in M3, and thus the tenth information value ato is stored in old 0.

After the tenth memory position old 0 has been written, the microcomputer produces an average value of the information values a1 to aLQ. Microcomputers are the next
The 1st information value is stored again on memory position old, and the average value center of information values a2 to a□, is created, and the 12th information value is stored on memory position M2 and information Value a3 to a12. The average value i up to is created, and so on to control that address bus. The operation of such a memory device is based on the third mark of the scale row 25 and the reading position A518/25.
The process ends when the corresponding aperture matches the aperture. In this way, each averaged numerical information i of the first interpolation interval
, i, ...a engineering. , each averaged numerical information sphere of the first scale interval, Lice, ...blO1, each averaged numerical information of the second interpolation interval Self, Otsu, ... Otsu, and of the second scale interval. Each averaged numerical information stone, otsu, ... louse is obtained. Standardization of interpolated values is numerical information a-n: btL or C, t: d, (n = 1.2. ...10)
This is done by creating the quotient value of . By taking the average value again from these quotient values, the interpolated value dependent on the angle is given, where the average value of (c#r) is a correction value for the standard value, and therefore from the standard value ,
It should be taken into account that by the average value of the quotient (a/E) its average = 20- must be subtracted before producing the average value.

The interpolated value of the angular magnitude is therefore obtained by creating a quotient from the respective average value of the graduation interval value and the interpolation interval value, where the graduation interval value and the interpolation interval value are the same as those of the scanning system 13.
17. read at the fixed and rotatable radius or diameter line of the protractor 14 using 18 and 19;
And their average value gives the magnitude of the angle. This angle measuring device is applicable not only to horizontal angles but also to vertical angles. Although vertical angle measurements have not been described, this can be done in the same way as horizontal angle measurements.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is a front view of an example of a theodolite to which the present invention is applied, Fig. 2 is an explanatory diagram of the scanning system of the protractor, Fig. 3 is a partially enlarged explanatory diagram of an example of the protractor, and Fig. 4 The figure is a block diagram of the electronic control part of the device according to the invention. 1... Tripod 2... Support stand 3... Fitting shaft 4... Straight shaft bushing 5... Straight Sγ axis
6...Motor 7...Connection cable 8...Fine adjustment member 9...Telescope] (1...Coupling 11...Bearing 13.17.18.19...Scanning system 14...・Protractor board 15...Supporting member 16...
・Holder 20.2]...Connection line 24.25.
26...11 row 27...gear 28.30.32.34.35.40.42.44.4
6...Gate circuit 29...Flip-flop 3], 36...Register 33.41.43.45.47...Counter 39...
・Transmitter Billion Fig, 3 attacks

Claims (12)

[Claims] (1) Rotary protractors, inter alia for geodetic instruments, with a series of incrementally scored graduations as measuring graduations, and pulse generators that divide each graduation interval into an equal number of parts, and the value and content of the interval. an optoelectronic scanning system for measuring the value of the fixedly arranged at an angle whose angle can be varied), comprising means for optical reading of said protractor and subsequently arranged devices for evaluating and displaying the measured values; In the measuring device, the rotary protractor is provided with at least one fully coded graduation column coaxially with the incremental graduation graduation column; The graduation lines on the dial form an index for each graduation column of the other reading position and produce an average value only for the interpolated values detected within that code interval, with a fixed scanning system. that the magnitude of the angle between the rotatable scanning system and the rotatable scanning system is determined from the reading of the coded graduation and the interpolated measurement, and that the measurement graduation and the fully coded graduation are simultaneously An angle measuring device as described above, characterized in that it is read by a fixed scanning system and a rotatable scanning system. (2) The angle measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the scale of the rotary protractor is scanned according to a certain computer program, the program being a function depending on the scale division error of the rotary protractor. (3) The reading of the rotary protractor is activated by a certain zero mark, which is an additional graduation line or a predetermined code word.
Angle measuring device as described in section. (4) An angle according to claim 1, the value of which graduation interval represents an average value created from a number encompassing the length of one code word of the individual graduation intervals of the measuring graduation row. measuring device. (5) The value of the interpolation interval represents an average value created from a number encompassing the length of one code word of the interpolation interval of the measurement scale. Angle measuring device. (6) The value of the graduation interval and the value of the interpolation interval are formed in a fixed scanning system and in a rotatable scanning system.
, the angle measuring device according to item 4 or 5. (7) the value of the graduation interval and the value of the interpolation interval are read at a fixed or rotatable radius or diameter line of the protractor using each scanning system and the average value of the angle is determined; An angle measuring device according to claim 1, 4, 5 or 6. (8) at least one or more incremental tick marks concentrically on either side of a fully coded tick row, and/or at least one fully coded tick mark concentrically on either side of an incremental tick mark row; An angle measuring device according to claim 1, wherein a scale row is provided. (9) The angle measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the interpolated value of the angle is obtained from the respective average values of the scale interval value and the interpolation interval value. (10) A rotatable scanning system and a fixed scanning system for detecting the radius line and diameter line of the protractor board scan and detect the same scale from above and below using illumination light from above or transmitted light;
An angle measuring device according to claim 1. (11) The reading of the fully coded graduation at the mark of the rotatable scanning system takes place when the zero mark coincides with the mark of the fixed scanning system. The angle measuring device described. (12) A computer pulse signal simultaneously activates the reading of the fully coded scale at said mark on the scanning system and at said mark on the rotatable scanning system, and forms the degree value of the angle as the difference between the two readings. , an angle measuring device according to claim 1, claim 2, or claim 10.