RU2080229C1 - Device for setting and locking blanks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering. SUBSTANCE: device is made up as several similar structures mounted on the common plate. Each unit has base 1 whereon movable wedge 2 slides in T- shaped grooves. The wedge moves by the use of a driving screw. Wedge 2 acts on second wedge 3 that moves perpendicular to the movable wedge in grooves made in the sides of the base. Spacer 8 is mounted on wedge 3 in slots. Core 4 together with coil 5 is received in the slots. The coil is used as a stop and pressing member. The screw is set in rotation by an electric drive that allows the stop to be set precisely. The device is also provided with counterweights 7 mounted on wedge 3. The device may be additionally provided with a lifting mechanism. EFFECT: enhanced reliability. 2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of thermal cutting, and, in particular, to devices for installing and fixing massive steel ingots in a thermal cutting machine, mainly in equilibrium batch cutting.

 A device for assembling for welding is known (ed. St. N 941131 class 5 B 23 K 37/04, 1982), comprising a lead screw mounted on the base, nuts with right and left threads mounted on it, equipped with clamps and a copier. When installing the product on the base of the assembly and welding stand, the clamps are turned into an inoperative position, and then they are returned to working condition. By rotating the lead screw, the nuts are moved to the center of the screw, using clips to secure the product.

 The disadvantages of the device include the fact that it requires its placement in the working space of a thermal cutting machine. When the device is located on the side of the workpiece, you cannot use the pusher to crimp the package of workpieces during batch cutting and subsequent collision of the workpieces. Placing the device above the workpiece prevents the torch from moving. Placing the device under the workpiece does not allow the clamps to rotate from the worker to the idle position.

 The absence of a mechanized drive complicates the process of installing and securing mass products that require large permutation forces.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed is a device for assembling metal structures (ed. St. N 764914 class 5 B 23 K 37/04, 1980), containing a base equipped with two coaxially mounted spring-loaded rods, each of which is equipped with a clamp located on the end , rod drive, made in the form of a mounted wedge mounted on the basis of a moving wedge perpendicular to the axis of the rods, swivel bearings mounted on the base, interconnected by another drive rod and adjustable stops for restrictions on the rotation of these supports. During assembly, the middle element of the product is laid on the supporting surfaces of the device and includes a pneumatic cylinder, which moves the wedge in the guides. The wedge presses the rollers with its working surfaces, which diverge, through the rods, move the movable stops towards each other. Between us is the middle element of the product. As a result, the stops set and fix the middle element symmetrically with respect to the axis of the wedge. The device also allows you to install and fix during assembly and other components of the product. The advantages of the device include the symmetry of the location of the product relative to the axis of the wedge, as well as the presence of a mechanized drive that allows for quick remote control of the stop-clamps. The drive provides great switching forces and allows you to install and fix the product in hard-to-reach places, regardless of the skills of the contractor.

 The disadvantage of this device is the presence of rods covering the product on the one hand. Their placement on the side of the workpiece does not allow the use of a pusher to compress the package and push it at the place of shipment. Placing the device above the workpiece prevents the torch from moving. Placing the device under the workpiece is prevented by the presence of cutting means for removing waste from slag, burrs, metal sprays, scale (special bins, washing ditches, etc.). It is also impossible when feeding the product into the working area of the machine using a conveyor, for example a roller table. The clamping juts protruding above the conveyor rollers make it difficult to supply massive workpiece blanks to the machine working area.

 The purpose of the patent is to expand the scope of use of the device and labor productivity by providing the ability to install and fix each workpiece in the package of blanks and use the lifting mechanism when installing the device in a roller feed conveyor, as well as providing the ability to quickly vary the length of the cut workpiece.

 The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the device for installing and fixing blanks, containing a wedge connected to the drive of movement, and a clamp designed to interact with the end face of the workpiece, when used for cast billets is additionally equipped with a second wedge, which is spring loaded, counterweight and gaskets, this spring-loaded wedge is installed with the possibility of interaction with the aforementioned wedge and is rigidly connected on one side with a counterweight, and on the other with a clip, which is made in the form of an electromagnet, and gaskets are placed at the junction of the wedge with a counterweight and a clamp. In another embodiment, the device further comprises a lifting mechanism including a plate on which a wedge displacement drive connected to a pneumatic actuator is mounted.

 With a symmetrical equilibrium batch cutting of massive cast billets, the latter are installed on the machine table with side surfaces next to each other, i.e. sequentially. Each product moves in the direction of its longitudinal axis of symmetry until the marking line coincides with the cut line. The whole package is crimped and then cut in a straight line.

 The ingot symmetrically marked along the length can be fed into the working area of the thermal cutting machine using a roller table. This helps to increase the efficiency of supplying the workpiece to the cutting site, increase labor productivity and improves the ergonomic performance of the installation.

 The use of several similar nodes of the device allows for the independent installation and fixing of each workpiece in a workpiece package. It makes it possible, holding each workpiece from the end with an electromagnet, to move the workpiece in the direction of its longitudinal axis so as to align the marking line with the cut line.

 When a workpiece is installed by a marking line on a cutting line, an ingot fed to the working area of the machine using individual roller conveyor rollers moves to the device and is captured by the electromagnet of that section of the device that is opposite this workpiece. By turning on the drive to move the wedge of this section, the wedge rises, causing the ingot to move in the direction of its longitudinal axis until the marking line coincides with the cut line.

 Instead of the traditional two-way arrangement of the stops and clamps, when installing and fixing each workpiece, the device is installed from one of its ends. The use of electromagnetic clamp allows you to simplify the installation and fixing of ingots, reduce the area of the working area of the machine.

 One portal-console thermal cutting machine, such as manufactured by YuUMZ, has several torches with an individual drive. Each cutter has one operational degree of freedom, i.e., it can only move along the cut line. Such a machine allows you to simultaneously perform multiple cuts. To enable simultaneous cutting of two packages of blanks, preliminary placement, installation and fixing of packages on the machine table is required. If there is a feed roller table, it is necessary to install one device inside the roller table itself. Since the workpieces must pass at the installation site of this device, it is necessary to release the roller conveyor during their transportation. This is achieved by using a lifting device. When transporting ingots, the emphasis with the electromagnet falls below the supporting surface of the roller table, passing blanks above it.

 With balanced symmetrical cutting of two packets, it is necessary to install two devices, one on each side of the machine table, lifting inside the feed roller table and stationary from the free end of the table behind the roller table. Thus, the application along with the stationary lifting device allows you to expand the scope of its use and double the labor productivity. The pneumatic drive of the lifting mechanism provides a high speed of raising and lowering the stop.

 Billets cast on continuous casting machines (CCM) can have different cross-sections along streams. Therefore, the equilibrium parts of different blanks can have different lengths. Fluctuation of length lies within a few percent. Symmetric cutting of the ingot reduces the value required to combine the line of symmetrical marking with the cutting line of the movement of the workpiece in half. In general, with the total length of the workpiece being cut about 4 meters, the length fluctuation does not exceed 10 20 cm. Moving to a length of 5 10 cm is easily provided by raising and lowering the wedge of the device.

 At the same time, taking into account the nomenclature of rolled products, the set value of the workpiece mass can vary up to 15 20%. With a constant location of the device, which ensures its lower complexity and cost, moving the wedge does not allow moving the workpiece to such a large length. This problem can be solved by gaskets, which are additional removable inserts for discrete installation of the stop.

 The magnitude of the possible movement of the thrust surface using gaskets is limited by the free space between the rollers of the roller table. Taking into account the cutting of the ingot into two equal parts, this value does not exceed 20 25 cm. The distance between the rollers is at least 75 cm, which, together with the rest of the device’s design, allows for successful use of gaskets. The use of gaskets allows you to fix the device in permanent places, simplifying and reducing the cost of their design, to simplify the process of moving the emphasis and to ensure the cutting of workpieces of different given mass.

 Since during the installation of massive (several tons) billets there are significant shock loads on the device from the side of the ingots, its design is shockproof. This determined the use of the wedge method of moving the stop with a large contact surface of the wedge with the movable wedge-shaped cheek, the wedge with the base, and, in addition, with a larger contact surface of the workpiece with the clamp, gaskets with the cheek and with the clamp. Therefore, all parts are massive. The use of a counterweight prevents jamming and provides a shift in the center of the moving parts of the device to the axis of symmetry of the cheeks. The use of mechanical ties in the form of wedge-shaped cheeks makes it possible to provide shockproofness to the device mechanism and at the same time large switching forces required when installing massive workpieces.

 The use of movable wedges of the electric drive instead of the pneumatic drive allows you to ensure a smooth, accurate installation of workpieces with marking lines on the cutting line.

 Thus, the newly introduced elements of the device are a second wedge, which is spring loaded, counterweights and gaskets, ensuring the possibility of interaction of the spring wedge with the second wedge and, on the other hand, tightly coupled with the counterweight, as well as with the clamp, performing the latter in the form of an electromagnet, placing gaskets at the joints a wedge with a counterweight and a clamp in this connection with other elements during equilibrium symmetric batch cutting allows the device to install and fix cast billets at p and nonequilibrium symmetrical batch cutting. According to another variant of the device, the newly introduced lifting mechanism, including a plate on which a wedge displacement drive is connected, connected with a pneumatic actuator, in connection with other elements, allows the device to install and fix cast billets during equilibrium batch cutting on both sides of the roller table. This provides an extension of the field of use of the device and labor productivity.

 In FIG. 1 shows the main node of the proposed device, a General view in a central section; in FIG. 2 he is in axonometry; in FIG. 3 it is in axonometry, rotated along the ordinate axis by 90 degrees; in FIG. 4 - the proposed device with a lifting mechanism, General view; in FIG. 5 is an example of a plan for placing devices on a machine table with a feed roller for two-pack cutting.

 The device contains: 1 base; 2 movable wedge; 3 wedge-shaped cheek (second wedge); 4 core; 5 coil; 6 return spring; 7 - counterweight; 8 gasket; 9 spline connection 11 pin; 12 screw; 13 - fifth; 14 nut; 15 electric motor drive the movement of the wedge; 16 - lifting plate; 17 pneumatic lifting mechanism; 18 roller roller table; 19 a lifting device for installing and fixing cast billets; 20 - fixed portal; 21 pusher; 22 trolley with cutters; 23 console guides; 24 stationary device for installing and fixing cast billets; 25 storage bins; 26 stopper; 27 gear; 28 - guides; 29 section 1; 30 section 2. In FIG. 1 and 5 are additionally indicated: 10 product, cast billet; Lн gasket length; Lb is the base distance between the axis of symmetry of the torch and the working surface of the core 4. In FIG. 4: B and H respectively the width and height of the core; L is the distance between adjacent cores.

 The movable wedge 2 has the ability to move in the T-groove of the base 1 (the direction is shown by the arrow in Fig. 1). A wedge-shaped cheek (second wedge) 3 together with a movable wedge 2 constitute a wedge-shaped pair. The cheek 3 moves in grooves located on the outer opposite sides of the base 1 (not shown in FIG. 3). These grooves are perpendicular to the T-grooves. The cheek is made in the form of a precast ring of rectangular section.

 The core 4 is composed of sheets of electrical iron arranged parallel to the end surface of the product (not shown in FIG. 3). Using a splined connection 9, the core is installed and secured by a stopper 26 to the gasket 8, and it, in turn, is similar to the wedge-shaped cheek 3. The coil 5, designed to create a magnetizing force, is made of turns of a copper insulated wire and is tightly dressed on the core (Fig. 2 and 3 not shown). The return spring 6 is designed to return the cheek 3 to its original state when lowering the wedge 2. The counterweight 7 is installed on the cheek 3 using the splined joint 9 and secured with a stopper (similar to the stopper 26, not shown in Fig. 1 3).

 The pin 11 is attached to the lower edge of the wedge 2. The screw 12 has a heel 13 at the working end to create a force on the wedge itself when the screw moves up or the pin when moving down. The screw 12 is driven from the engine 15 through the gearbox 27. Rotating in the nut 14, mounted on the base 1, it additionally acquires translational motion.

 In FIG. 4 shows a lifting device having two sections: 29 - section 1 and 30 section 2 of similar structures. Both sections are mounted on a lifting plate 16, quickly moving in a vertical plane by means of a pneumatic actuator 17. The guides 28 are used to set the direction of movement of the lifting plate.

 The rollers of the roller table 18 have individual electric drives. A lifting device 19 for installing and fixing cast billets is located between two adjacent rollers inside the roller table, and a stationary 24 at the free end of the thermal cutting machine. The cut cast billets arrive along the rolling table in the direction indicated by the arrow. The fixed portal 20 carries three cantilever guides 23. The carts 22 with cutters move along the guides across the cast billets and above them. Two extreme cutters are designed for symmetrical cutting of workpieces. Medium is used when cutting the head and tail ingots of increased length.

 The portal 20 covers the pusher 21, which freely moves in the space between the upper beam of the portal and the live roll across cast billets over the entire width of the live roll. The stroke of the pusher provides the latter with the ability to move the workpieces to storage location 25, from where the workpieces are transported by crane to the shipping department.

 Pneumatic actuator 17 allows sections 29 and 30 to be in two main positions: 1 fully lowered and 2 fully raised. In the first position, the device is below the supporting surface of the roller table, which does not interfere with the supply of blanks. In the second position, the sections are raised above the supporting surface of the roller table so that the axis of symmetry of the cores 4 are approximately at the level of the axis of symmetry of the workpieces.

 Additional compression of the package of direct billets using a pusher immediately before cutting is negligible and leads to their movement within 10-15 mm. The variation in the width of the workpieces is within the limits specified by the technological instructions and, usually, does not exceed 2 3%. The protruding working end of the core 4, which is both a stop and a clamp, has a width smaller than the width of the workpiece. The maximum shift of the axis of symmetry of the cores 4 relative to the axis of symmetry of the workpieces with a bag width of 640 mm is 25 30 mm. Thus, even a rather rough installation of the package of blanks in the transverse direction using a pusher without the use of additional stops on the side surface of the package ensures reliable operation of the device. If necessary, you can provide lifting stops on the side surface of the package from the side of the storage place 25. When moving the package to the storage place, the stops are lowered, and when installing and crimping the package they are lifted.

The device operates as follows. Before working on the basis of a given medium length after cutting the strand _of selected L gasket 8. The length of liner L _n in the direction of the axis of symmetry of the core 4 and the coil 5 are according to the formula:
L _n L _b L _s
where L _{b is the} base distance between the axis of symmetry of the torch and the working surface of the core 4 when the wedge 2 is in the middle position; L _b const.

 Choose the closest in length, but identical in all sections gaskets. Loosen the stoppers 26 and by moving the cores with coils 5 perpendicular to their axes and at the same time the axes of the wedges separate the spline joints. Similarly, remove the old gaskets. In the reverse order, attach the selected gaskets and re-install the cores with coils.

Choose counterweights. The weight of the counterweight is found by the formula:
G _n (G • _u A _{u n} + G • A _n + G • A _{with with a} + G • A _to) / A _n,
Where:
G _{y the} weight of the wedge part of the cheek 3;
A _u distance from the axis of symmetry of the base to the center of gravity of the cheek wedge 3;
G _n gasket weight;
A _{n is the} distance from the axis of symmetry of the base to the center of gravity of the gasket;
G _with core weight;
A _{with the} distance from the axis of symmetry of the base to the center of gravity of the core;
G _to coil weight;
A _{to the} distance from the axis of symmetry of the base to the center of gravity of the coil;
A _{p the} distance from the axis of symmetry of the base to the center of gravity of the counterweight;
When determining the distances, take the average position of the wedge 2.

 The closest in weight, but equal in all sections, balances are chosen. They are installed similarly to gaskets. Each blank is marked out, dividing it into two equal parts.

 Wedges 2 of all sections are lowered to the lowest position. In this case, the thrust surfaces located on the cores are also diverted to extreme positions. The impact on the pneumatic actuator 17 lower the lifting plate 16. Sections 29 and 30 are lowered.

 The first two parallel blanks are fed along the rolling table to the table of the thermal cutting machine. They are passed to a stationary device, without bringing it to a distance of 200 300 mm. The drives of the rollers on which the workpieces stopped are turned off. Using the drives of the remaining rollers, the following two parallel workpieces are fed. Advance them further than the lifting device by 200 300 mm. The impact on the drive 17 raise the sections 29 and 30 of the lifting device.

 The pusher 21 is turned on, aligning both packages of workpieces along their sides. Since the workpieces are fed with an offset towards the portal 20, at the same time as the movement of the pusher is aligned, the workpieces are set opposite the corresponding sections of the lifting and stationary devices. The 200 300 mm pusher is retracted from both packages.

 By turning on the drives of the support rollers of the roller table, packages are brought to the devices (one package to the lifting one, the other to the stationary). Electromagnets are turned on, that is, they energize the coils 5. Each blank 10 is slightly magnetized to the core 4. This is enough to prevent rollback from the stop when the workpiece lying next to it is displaced. Using a reversible electric drive, consisting of a drive motor for moving the wedge 15 and gearbox 27, the screw 12 is moved. The last fifth 13 presses the movable wedge 2 directly or through the pin 11. The wedge 2 moves in a vertical plane. When the wedge 2 moves upward, the wedge-shaped cheek 3 moves horizontally from the base 1 due to the force transmitted to the cheek 3 by the wedge 2. When the wedge 2 moves downward, the wedge-shaped cheek moves horizontally to the base 1 under the influence of the return spring 6. Together with the cheek 3 horizontally moving and, rigidly connected with it, the gasket 8 and the core 4, moving the magnetized cast billet 10. Achieve the location of the line marking the workpiece along the cutting line.

 Similarly, with the help of an electric drive of another section, the layout of the marking line next to the workpiece lying along the cut line is achieved. If one of the workpieces recoils from the stop, the electromagnets are turned off and the end of the workpiece is pushed into the support (core) by turning on the drives of the corresponding roller table rollers. Further, if necessary, the electromagnets are included in the process of longitudinal orientation of the workpieces continues. The orientation process for the lifting and stationary devices is the same.

 After installing the blanks with marking lines along the cutting lines, the electromagnets of the devices are turned off. By briefly turning on the pusher, the packages are displaced, and at the same time squeezed, by 10 15 mm. Turn on the electromagnets of the devices.

 Perform simultaneous cutting of two packages of blanks. The electromagnets of the devices are turned off. Wedges 2 are lowered to the lower position. Pushers 21 push the workpieces into a storage bin.

 Since the change in the given mass of blanks is rarely performed (up to 1 2 times a day), the installation of gaskets and balances in the total complexity of cutting takes a fraction of a percent.

 Spring 6 should ensure the return of the wedge-shaped cheeks, gaskets, electromagnet and counterweight to its original state.

 To facilitate the design, gaskets may not be continuous.

Example. Cast steel billets with a length of L _s about 1850 mm, a height of 291 300 mm, a width of 320 330 mm have a mass of 1500 kg. With constant weight, the length ranges up to 90 mm. L _b is 2000 mm. Then
L _N L L _{h b} 2000 1850 150 mm, G _ut 200 DaH, A _u 140 mm 0.14 m. G _n 150 DaH, A _n 285 mm 0,285 m. G ₇₀ DaH. A _with 395 mm 0.395 m. G _to 40 DaH. A _to 385 mm 0.385 m. A _p 200 mm 0.2 m.

or, solving numerically, we get G _u (G _u • A _u + G _n • A _n + G _s • A _s + G _k • A _k ) / A _p
(200 • 0.14 + 150 • 0.285 + 70 • 0.395 + 40 • 0.385) / 0.2 569 DaH.

 The proposed device allows you to expand the scope of use of the device of the prototype and increase productivity.

Claims (2)

 1. A device for installing and fixing workpieces, containing a base, a wedge connected to the drive of movement, and a clamp designed to interact with the end face of the workpiece, characterized in that when using the device for cast billets it is equipped with a second wedge, spring-loaded, counterweight and gaskets, wherein the spring-loaded wedge is installed with the possibility of interaction with the said wedge and is rigidly connected on one side with a counterweight, on the other with a clamp, which is made in the form of an electromagnet, and puppies at the junction of the wedge with a counterweight and clamp.  2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a lifting mechanism, including a plate, on which a wedge displacement drive connected to a pneumatic actuator is mounted.

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