RU2077423C1 - Method of utilization of used tires - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: methods of processing of industrial rubber goods, particular, processing of used (worn-out, damaged) tires of transportation facilities; applicable in utilization of tires, including large size ones with metal cord, and manufacture from them of building materials and parts used in household plots. SUBSTANCE: prior to the first stage of crushing, made on tire surface is pattern of parallel cuts in vertical and horizontal planes with distances between them and depth equalling the size of rubber crumbs. The first stage of crushing is carried out by mechanical removal of a part of vulcanized layer with preservation of tire shape. Before the second stage of crushing, the tire surface is marked into blanks for manufacture of articles with subsequent separation of tire into blanks and making the analogous pattern of parallel cuts on each blank. The second stage of crushing is accomplished by removal of a part of the remained vulcanized layer from each blank prevent exposure of the cord and preserve the strength of blanks. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 13 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to methods for processing rubber products, namely to the processing of waste (worn, damaged) vehicle tires and can be used in the disposal of tires, including large-sized ones with metal cord, and the manufacture of building elements and parts used in household plots, that is, consumer goods.

 There is a method of processing shock-absorbed tires, which consists in cooling the tire to a state of embrittlement and mechanical impact on it, after which, after each stroke, the tire is moved half a step across the edges of the surface (see AS USSR No. 1577986).

 The disadvantage of this method is the high energy intensity of the process, leading to a decrease in the efficiency of the processing process and the further use of the processed product.

 There is also a method of extracting metal reinforcement from rubber tires, in which a tire with reinforcement is placed in a high-frequency electromagnetic field, a local portion of the tire is clamped between pairs of rolls, the tire is heated to the pyrolysis temperature of the rubber layers adjacent to the reinforcement and formation of pyrolysis swelling, then the tire is rotated relative to the rollers , and then the reinforcement is separated from the tire (see A.S. USSR No. 1770137).

 The method is characterized by the complexity of the process and the inability to use part of the rubber with cord for reuse. In addition, the method is highly hazardous for staff.

 There is also a method of processing worn-out tires with metal cord, including stepwise grinding of tires, sorting and magnetic separation, roasting of steel cord with rubber residues, first in air with heating up to 500-700 degrees Celsius, then without air supply, cleaning it of ash and coke residue and metal oxides by tempering and passing through the rollers, and then after additional magnetic separation, packaging of the metal cord (see AS USSR N 1685721 prototype).

 The disadvantage of this method is the great difficulty in processing tires with a metal cord, the low quality of the products obtained due to their clogging with a destroyed metal cord, which does not allow for efficient disposal of waste tires. The disadvantage of existing methods is that in the process of disposal part of the tire with metal cord is not used, in particular as building materials and consumer goods.

 The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of disposal of waste tires.

 This goal is achieved in that the method of disposal of waste tires includes stepwise grinding of worn tires, while before the first grinding step, a grid of parallel cuts is applied to the tire surface in vertical and horizontal planes with a distance between them and a depth equal to the size of rubber crumb, while the first grinding step produced by mechanical removal of part of the vulcanized layer while maintaining the shape of the tire, before the second grinding stage mark the surface of the tire on blanks for the manufacture of products, followed by splitting the tire into blanks and applying a similar grid of parallel cuts to each blank, with the second grinding stage carried out by removing part of the remaining vulcanized layer from each blank to expose the cord and preserving the strength of the blank.

 New in the invention is that before the first grinding step, a grid of parallel cuts is applied to the tire surface in vertical and horizontal planes with a distance between them and a depth equal to the size of the rubber crumb, while the first grinding step is performed by mechanical removal of a part of the vulcanized layer while maintaining the tire shape , before the second grinding stage, mark the surface of the tire on the workpiece for the manufacture of products, followed by separation of the tire into workpieces and applying anal a mesh of parallel cuts on each billet, while the second grinding stage is carried out by removing part of the remaining vulcanized layer from each billet to expose the cord and preserve the strength of the billet.

 The essence of the technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in FIG. 1 shows a bowl; in FIG. 2 shell; FIG. 3 ring guard; FIG. 4 - bottom; FIG. 5 ring; FIG. 6 paving slabs; FIG. 7 same section AA; FIG. 8 improved paving slabs; FIG. 9 same section BB; FIG. 10 building plate; FIG. 11 the same section bb; FIG. 12 - remote laying; FIG. 13 highchairs. The position 1 in all figures indicates separable products; 2, a vulcanized rubber layer to be removed to obtain crumb rubber; 3 places of fastening; 4 tank bottom (Fig. 1); 5 bottom mounting (Fig. 4); 6 stool base.

 The method of disposal of tires is as follows. Failed tires are sorted into groups. 1 group of tires without gusts; 2 group of tires having gusts in one end part (surface); 3 group of tires having gusts from the side of the vulcanized layer, with damage to the cord part.

 Sorting into groups is necessary in order to determine which tire can be used for a particular workpiece (structure).

 After sorting the tires, a primary removal of the vulcanized rubber layer is carried out until the original tire shape is maintained. In order to get the rubber crumb of a programmed (predetermined) size, the vulcanized surface of the tire is mechanically covered with a grid of parallel cuts in the vertical and horizontal planes, with a distance between parallel cuts equal to the specified size of the crumb. The depth of cut is also equal to the required size of the rubber crumb thickness. The removal of the vulcanized layer with applied cuts is carried out mechanically, one of the possible operations: planing, turning, milling, etc. For cutting, the cutting tool is placed in two mutually perpendicular planes. The notch system provides each element of crumb rubber with specified dimensions a free surface on five sides. Therefore, the separation of the element from the tire mechanically is carried out with less energy.

 After the initial removal of the vulcanized layer from the tire, depending on the type of wear (i.e. a group of tires), the tires are marked on billets (structures, elements) to obtain a bowl, shell, enclosing ring, bottom, ring, paving slabs, improved paving slabs, building plate, remote laying, high chair.

 The marked tires are mechanically divided into the above blanks. Moreover, the bowl can be made of two groups: not having gusts, having gusts in one end part (surface).

 1. The manufacture of the bowl (Fig. 1) is carried out by cutting one end part (surface) of the tire. (For the information of the examination. In the second group of tires, the damaged end part is removed).

 2. The shell (Fig. 2) can also be made of two groups of tires: not having gusts and having gusts in the end surfaces of the tire. A shell is made by cutting both end surfaces of the tire.

 3. The enclosing ring (Fig. 3) is prepared from a tire blank with cut end parts (surfaces).

 4. The bottom (Fig. 4) is made by splitting the tire in half in the rolling plane.

 5. The ring (figure 5) is made by separating from the end of the tire flange ring.

 6. Paving slabs (Fig.6, 7, 8 and 9) is prepared from the blank of the tire end part. Paving slabs can be made without cutting rounding (6 and 7), as well as high quality with cutting rounding and additional processing of the working (front) surface (8 and 9).

 7. The building plate (Fig. 10 and 11) is made from the working surface of the tire.

 8. The remote gasket (Fig. 12) is discharged from the blanks of the tire end surface, as well as all waste tires that have defects and which cannot be used for the manufacture of other parts.

 9. The stool (Fig.13) can be made of tires of any group. In this case, the tire is cut in half, then each of the halves is marked into segments without damage. A highchair fixed on a wooden, metal or other base 6 is installed in recreational areas on a summer cottage, etc.

 Having obtained workpieces for the above products by splitting the tires, they are processed to the required sizes by further (secondary) removal of the vulcanized layer by mechanical means. To do this, a grid of cuts is applied to the vulcanized layer (surface) of the workpieces (see above in the description). After that, mechanically, rubber crumb with predetermined dimensions is separated from the vulcanized layer of the blanks. During the secondary removal of the vulcanized layer, the cord and the protective layer of rubber are retained, which ensures the strength (rigidity) and durability of the product. By removing the vulcanized layer, the workpiece is brought to a predetermined size and significantly reduced in mass. To obtain a presentation, the working (front) surface of the parts can be processed with an emery stone or a curly cutting tool.

To reduce the complexity of machining the workpieces and the complexity of grinding chips, the workpiece can be cooled to -70 ^o C (getting a brittle condition of rubber) and processed in a cooled environment with a conventional cutting tool.

 The proposed method of disposal allows you to use almost all tires to obtain raw materials (rubber crumb) and consumer goods. Rubber crumb is a valuable raw material for the rubber industry, and construction details and elements are very necessary in the homestead and household of the rural worker, in the suburban areas of the townspeople.

 The strength and durability of manufactured parts, products and structures are significantly higher than in the manufacture of wood, steel, concrete, and the weight is 2-3 times less, which is very important when used in everyday life, when manual labor is mainly used.

Claims (1)

 1 A method of disposing of used tires, including stepwise grinding of worn tires, characterized in that before the first grinding step, a grid of parallel cuts is applied to the tire surface in vertical and horizontal planes with a distance between them and a depth equal to the size of rubber crumb, while the first grinding step is carried out by mechanical removal of part of the vulcanized layer while maintaining the shape of the tire, before the second grinding stage, mark the surface of the tire on blanks for making Lenia products followed by separation of the tire on the preform and applying a similar grid of parallel cuts on each blank, wherein the second grinding step is carried out by removing the remaining portion of the cured layer of each preform to the exclusion of exposure of the cord strength and preserve the preform.

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