RU2076326C1 - Oscillograph - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: proposed oscillograph has cathode-ray tube 1, stroboscopic converter 7, deviation and synchronization units 1 and 4, sweep unit 3, delay line 8, generator 11, integrator 6, voltmeter 5 and commutator 12. EFFECT: enhanced functional stability and reliability. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to radio measurement technology and can be used in oscillography.

 The purpose of the invention is the expansion of the scope and acceleration of the process of stabilizing the position of the waveform on the screen.

 Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an oscilloscope; figure 2 and 3 of the image on the screen of the oscilloscope; in Fig. 4, the signals at the outputs of the blocks and buses, where 1 is a deviation block, 2 a cathode ray tube, 3 is a scan block, 4 a synchronization block, 5 a voltmeter, 6 integrator, 7 stroboscopic converter, 8 delay line, 9 measured signal bus , 10 synchronization bus, 11-generator, 12 commutator, 13 central horizontal risk, 14 and 15 oscillograms, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 and 24 signals at the outputs of respectively bus 9 of the measured signal, block 1 deviations, integrator 6, synchronization unit 4, switcher 3 of switch 12, stroboscopic 7 conversion ator, the delay line 8 and the generator 11, t - time.

 The oscilloscope operates as follows.

где U₅ напряжение на входе интегратора 6. Сигнал 18 с выхода интегратора 6 поступает на вход вольтметра 5 и второй вход блока 1 отклонения. Измеряемые импульсы (сигнал 16), поступившие с шины 9 измеряемого сигнала, усиливаются и задерживаются блоком 1 отклонения и поступают на второй вход электронно-лучевой трубки 2, на первый вход которой с выхода блока 3 развертки поступают пилообразные импульсы развертки (сигнал 20). В результате на экране электронно-лучевой 2 трубки формируется осциллограмма 14 импульса. В момент t₁ времени с выхода линии 8 задержки на первый вход стробоскопического 7 преобразователя поступает импульс (сигнал 23), что вызывает удержание на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя напряжения, которое имелось на втором входе стробоскопического преобразователя 7 в момент времени t₁. Если в момент времени t₁-Та на первый и второй входы блока 1 отклонения поступают напряжения, равные соответственно U₁ и U₂, причем U₁ не равно U₂, то в интервале времени формирования импульса (сигнал 24) на выходе генератора 11 с выхода стробоскопического 7 преобразователя через коммутатор 12 на вход интегратора 6 будет поступать сигнал 21, равный K(U₁-U₂). Если на входе интегратора 6 в течение времени Тг поддерживается напряжение величиной K(U₁-U₂) (импульс длительностью Тг и амплитудой K(U₁-U₁-U₂), то по истечении времени Тг напряжение на выходе интегратора 6 изменилось, согласно (2), с U₂ на величину U₁-U₂ и стало равным U₁. Сигнал 18 на выходе интегратора 6 измеряется вольтметром 5. В последующие после t₁ моменты формирования импульса (сигнал 23) на выходе линии 8 задержки сигналы 17, 22 и 21 на выходах соответственно блока 1 отклонения, стробоскопического 7 преобразователя и коммутатора 12 будут равны нулю, поэтому осциллограмма 15 измеряемого импульса в моменты формирования импульсов на выходе линии 8 задержки будет пересекать центральную 13 горизонтальную риску. Через время Та после окончания формирования импульса (сигнал 24) на выходе генератора 11 и до поступления следующего сигнала 16 с шины 9 измеряемого сигнала напряжения на выходе блока 1 отклонения, блока 3 развертки, блока 4 синхронизации, интегратора 6, стробоскопического 7 преобразователя, линии 8 задержки, генератора 11 и коммутатора 12 не изменяется. Для измерения величины измеряемого импульса (сигнал 16) следует изменением задержки линии 8 задержки совместить сначала основание осциллограммы 14 импульса с центральной 13 горизонтальной риской (фиг. 2), произвести отсчет показаний Ао вольтметра 5, затем изменением задержки линии 8 задержки совместить вершину осциллограммы 15 импульса с центральной 13 горизонтальной риской (фиг.3) и произвести отсчет показаний вольтметра 5, амплитуда измеряемого импульса (сигнал 16) равна A_m-A_o.From the bus 9 of the measured signal, the measured pulses (signals 16) are supplied to the first input of the deviation unit 1. The signals 17 at the output of the deviation unit 1 at time t + Ta are determined by the formula
U ₃ K (U ₁ -U ₂ ), (1)
where U ₁ and U ₂ are the voltage values at the first and second inputs of the deviation unit 1 at time t, respectively (deviation unit 1 delays the input signals for a time Ta), to the gain of the deviation unit 1. The signal 17 from the output of the deviation unit 1 is fed to the second inputs of the cathode ray tube 2 and stroboscopic transducer 7. From the synchronization bus 10, either synchronizing pulses or measured pulses signal 16 are received at the input of the synchronization unit 4. The synchronization unit 4 generates a signal 19 synchronization pulses, which from the output of the synchronization unit 4 are fed to the inputs of the scan unit 3, delay line 8, and generator 11. When When a synchronization pulse is received at the input of the scanning unit 3, a sawtooth-shaped scanning pulse of duration Tp (signal 20) is formed at its output, which arrives at the first input of the cathode ray 2 tube. The delay line 8 delays the pulses received at its input. The pulses (signal 23) from the output of the delay line 8 are fed to the first input of the stroboscopic converter 7. After each pulse received at the first input of the stroboscopic converter 7, the signal that was at the second input at the time the pulse arrived at the first input is held at its output. The signal 22 from the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 is fed to the second input of the switch 12. When a pulse arrives at the input of the generator 11 at its output after a time of 1.1 Tr, a pulse of duration Tg (signal 24) is generated, which arrives at the first input of the switch 12. If and the absence of a pulse at the first input of the switch 12, its second input is respectively connected and disconnected from the output. The signal 21 from the output of the switch 12 is fed to the input of the integrator 6. The signal 18 at the output of the integrator 6 is

where U _{5 is the} voltage at the input of the integrator 6. The signal 18 from the output of the integrator 6 is fed to the input of the voltmeter 5 and the second input of the deviation unit 1. The measured pulses (signal 16) received from the bus 9 of the measured signal are amplified and delayed by the deviation unit 1 and fed to the second input of the cathode ray tube 2, to the first input of which the sawtooth pulses of the scan are received from the output of the scanning unit 3 (signal 20). As a result, an oscillogram 14 of the pulse is formed on the screen of the cathode ray 2 tube. At time t ₁ from the output of the delay line 8, a pulse (signal 23) is supplied to the first input of the stroboscopic transducer 7, which causes the output of the stroboscopic 7 voltage transducer to be held at the second input of the stroboscopic transducer 7 at time t ₁ . If at time t ₁ -Ta, voltages equal to U ₁ and U ₂ , respectively, come to the first and second inputs of deviation unit 1, and U _{1 is} not equal to U ₂ , then in the interval of pulse formation time (signal 24) at the generator output 11 s the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 through the switch 12 to the input of the integrator 6 will receive a signal 21 equal to K (U ₁ -U ₂ ). If at the input of the integrator 6 a voltage of K (U ₁ -U ₂ ) is maintained during the time Tg (a pulse of duration Tg and amplitude K (U ₁ -U ₁ -U ₂ ), then after the time Tg the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 has changed, according to (2), a value U ₂ U ₂ -U ₁ and U ₁ becomes equal. The signal at the output 18 of the integrator 6 is measured by the voltmeter 5. In subsequent moments after t _1, the pulse shaping (signal 23) the output signals of the delay line 8 17 , 22 and 21 at the outputs of the deviation unit 1, stroboscopic converter 7 and switch 12, respectively, will be zero therefore, the waveform 15 of the measured pulse at the moments of pulse formation at the output of the delay line 8 will cross the central horizontal risk 13. After the time Ta, after the end of the pulse formation (signal 24) at the output of the generator 11, and until the next signal 16 from the bus 9 of the measured voltage signal arrives at the output of the deviation unit 1, the sweep unit 3, the synchronization unit 4, the integrator 6, the stroboscopic converter 7, the delay line 8, the generator 11 and the switch 12 is not changed. To measure the magnitude of the measured pulse (signal 16), by changing the delay of the delay line 8, you must first combine the base of the waveform 14 of the pulse with the central 13 horizontal risk (Fig. 2), count the readings of AO of the voltmeter 5, then change the delay of the delay line 8 to combine the top of the waveform 15 of the pulse with the central 13 horizontal risk (figure 3) and count the readings of the voltmeter 5, the amplitude of the measured pulse (signal 16) is equal to A _m -A _o .

The extension of the scope is explained as follows. When using the prototype for measuring the magnitude of the measured signal, following with a period of following NTg (where N is 2.5 or more) and at Ta = 0, the following processes occur when voltage is equal to the first and second inputs of the deviation unit at time t ₁ U ₁ and U ₂ respectively (and U _{1 is} not equal to U ₂ ), then the voltage K (U ₁ -U ₂ ), the voltage at the output of the integrator from the moment of time, will come to the input of the integrator from time t ₁ to time t ₁ + NT t ₁ to t ₁ + NTg (according to (2)) will change from U ₂ U ₁ -1 • (U ₁ -U ₂ ) to N (U ₁ -U ₂ ) and become equal to U ₁ + (N-1) ( U ₁ -U ₂ , and this means that the voltage at the output of the integrator over the NTg time interval did not approach the measured value of U ₁ , but (by absolute value) retreated (N-1) times, after each subsequent pulse at the output of the delay line, the absolute value of the signal by the output of the stroboscopic conversion increases (N-1) times, which indicates the inoperability of the prototype in the described mode. When using the proposed device after reaching the output of the integrator 6 voltage U ₁ equal to the voltage on the bus 9 of the measured signal at time t ₁ -T _a , the voltage at the input and output of the integrator 6 remain equal to zero and U ₁ until the next measured pulse (signal 16) from the bus 9 of the measured signal, while the period of repetition of the measured signal 16 may be equal to 2.5 Tg or more, in addition, the measured signals can follow each other at different intervals, for example 6 Tg, 10 Tg, 3 Tg and so on. Thus, if the prototype does not allow to measure the following signals with an interval of 2.5 Tg or more, the proposed device allows you to measure these signals, which explains the reason for expanding the scope of the proposed device.

 The acceleration of the process of stabilizing the position of the waveform on the screen is explained as follows.

When using the prototype to measure the magnitude of the measured signal following with a repetition period equal to 1.5 Tg with a delay of the deviation unit equal to Ta 0.2 Tg and with a scan duration Tr Tg / 2, the following processes occur in the prototype, upon receipt of the first and the second inputs of the deviation block at time t ₁ -0.2 Tg of voltages equal to U ₁ and U ₂ , respectively (and U _{1 is} not equal to U ₂ ), the signals at subsequent times at the outputs of the stroboscopic converter and integrator will have the values given in table from Second, it follows that the establishment process at the integrator output signal has a long oscillatory. When using the proposed device with a period following the measured signal 16 equal to 1.5 Tg, with a delay of 1 deviation unit equal to Ta 0.2 Tg and with a scan duration Tr = Tg / 2 when it arrives at time t ₁ 0.2 Tg the first and second inputs of unit 1 deviations of voltages equal to U ₁ and U ₂ , respectively (and U _{1 is} not equal to U ₂ ) by the time t ₁ + 1,5 Tg the voltage changes at the output of the integrator 6 will stop, and further on the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 will remain constant. Thus, the transition process of changing the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 will be completed by the time t ₁ + 1.5 Tg, which is faster than the prototype, and the process of changing the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 is not oscillatory in nature, which takes place in the prototype.

Claims (1)

 An oscilloscope containing a cathode ray tube, a voltmeter, a synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the synchronization bus, and an output with inputs of a delay line and a scan unit, a deviation unit, whose input is connected to the measured signal bus, and the output with the first input of the strobe converter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the delay line, and the output of the strobe converter is connected to the first input of the switch, characterized in that, in order to expand the scope and accelerate the process of stabilizing the position of the waveform by screen, the generator and integrator are introduced into it, the input of which is connected to the output of the switch, and the output is with a voltmeter and the input of the deviation unit, the output of which is connected to the first input of the cathode ray tube, the second input of which is connected to the output of the scanner, the input of the generator is connected to the output block synchronization, and the output with a different input of the switch.

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