RU2076323C1 - Oscillograph - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio measurement technology. SUBSTANCE: proposed oscillograph incorporates voltmeter 5, deviation unit 1, cathode-ray tube 2, sweep unit 3, integrator 6, stroboscopic converter 4, delay line 8 and synchronization unit 7. Input of unit 7 is connected to synchronization bus and sweep unit 3. First and second inputs of stroboscopic converter 4 are connected correspondingly to outputs of delay line and deviation unit. First input of deviation unit is connected to bus of measured signal, outputs of sweep unit 3 and deviation unit 1 are connected correspondingly to first and second inputs of cathode-ray tube. Input of voltmeter 5 and second input of deviation unit 1 are connected to output of integrator 6. Oscillograph is inserted with attenuator 11. Output of stroboscopic converter 4 is connected to input of integrator 6 via attenuator. EFFECT: increased operational accuracy. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to radio measurement technology and can be used in oscillography.

 Known oscilloscope [1] However, this device is characterized by high complexity and low measurement accuracy, which is due to the error of the visual reference and the nonlinearity of the vertical deviation.

 The closest technical solution to the invention is an oscilloscope [2] containing a voltmeter, a deviation unit, a cathode ray tube, a scan unit, an integrator, a stroboscopic converter, a delay line and a synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the synchronization bus, and the output of the synchronization unit is connected to the inputs the delay line and the scan unit, the first and second inputs of the stroboscopic converter are connected to the outputs of the delay line and the deviation unit, respectively, the first input of the deviation unit is connected to another measured signal, the outputs of the scanner and the deviation unit are connected to the first and second inputs of the cathode ray tube, respectively, the input of the voltmeter and the second input of the deviation unit are connected to the output of the integrator, the input of which is connected to the output of the stroboscopic converter. However, this device is characterized by low measurement accuracy, a large wavelength of the waveform, low brightness and low contrast of the waveform, a long measurement time and inconvenience in the measurements.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the accuracy of measurements, reduce the complexity of measurements, reduce the line width of the waveform, increase the brightness and contrast of the waveform, reduce the time of measurement and increase the convenience of measurements.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that the oscilloscope contains a voltmeter, a deviation unit, a cathode ray tube, a scan unit, an integrator, a stroboscopic converter, a delay line and a synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the synchronization bus, and the output of the synchronization unit is connected to the inputs of the delay line and a scan unit, the first and second inputs of the stroboscopic converter are connected to the outputs of the delay line and the deviation unit, respectively, the first input of the deviation unit is connected to the bus of the measured signal and outputs the scanning unit and the deflection unit are connected to the first and second inputs of the cathode ray tube, the input and a second input of the voltmeter deflection unit connected to the output of the integrator, the attenuator is entered, the output of the stroboscopic converter via an attenuator connected to the input of the integrator.

 In FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of an oscilloscope; in FIG. 2, 3 and 4 - images on the oscilloscope screen. Designations in the figures: 1 deviation block; 2 cathode ray tube; 3 scanner; 4 block synchronization; 5 voltmeter; 6 integrator; 7 stroboscopic converter; 8 delay line; 9 bus measured signal; 10 bus synchronization; 11 attenuator; 12 central horizontal risk; 13, 14 and 15 waveforms.

 The oscilloscope operates as follows.

Напряжение U_вых на выходе аттенюатора 11

При (U_вх/U_m)= 0,001; 0,01; 0,1; 1,0; 10; 100; 1000 и 10000 значение (U_вых/U_вх), вычисленное по (9), равно соответственно 0,10; 0,11; 0,16; 0,41; 0,73; 0,91; 0,97 и 0,99. Сигнал с выхода аттенюатора 11 поступает на вход интегратора 6. Сигнал U₄ на выходе интегратора 6 равен

(10)
где U₅ сигнал на входе интегратора 6; t время; Т период следования импульсов, поступающих с шины 9 измеряемого сигнала. Сигнал с выхода интегратора 6 поступает на вход вольтметра 5 и второй вход блока 1 отклонения. Импульсы, поступившие с шины 9 измеряемого сигнала, усиливаются блоком 1 отклонения и поступают на второй вход электронно-лучевой 2 трубки, на первый вход которой с выхода блока 3 развертки поступают пилообразные импульсы развертки. В результате на экране электронно-лучевой 2 трубки формируется осциллограмма 13 импульса. В момент t₁ времени с выхода линии 8 задержки на первый вход стробоскопического 7 преобразователя поступает импульс, что вызывает удержание на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя напряжения, которое имелось на втором входе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя. При поступлении в момент времени t₁ на первый и второй входы блока 1 отклонения разных по значению сигналов, равных соответственно U₁ и U₂, в интервале после момента времени t₁ и до момента времени t₁+T на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя будет удерживаться сигнал, равный по величине к(U₁-U₂). Учитывая, что коэффициент передачи аттенюатора 11 в зависимости от входного сигнала находится в пределах от 0,1 до 1,0, соответствующая часть сигнала с выхода стробоскопического 7 преобразователя поступает на вход интегратора 6. Если на входе интегратора 6 в течение времени Т от момента времени t₁ до момента времени t₁+T поддерживается сигнал величиной KU_a, то в момент времени t₁+T сигнал на выходе интегратора 6 изменится на величину U_a. В момент времени t₁ сигнал на выходе интегратора 6 равен U₂; в момент времени t₁+T сигнал на выходе интегратора 6 изменился на величину U_a и стал равным U₂+U_a, в результате чего после поступления в момент времени t₁+T импульса на первый вход стробоскопического 7 преобразователя сигнал на его выходе уменьшится со значения K(U₁-U₂) до K(U₁-U₂-U_a). После поступления ряда импульсов с выхода линии 8 задержки напряжение на выходе интегратора 6 будет отличаться от напряжения на первом входе блока 1 отклонения в момент поступления импульсас выхода линии задержки на величину, намного меньшую погрешности измерения. Сигнал на выходе интегратора 6 измеряется вольтметром 5. В моменты формирования импульса на выходе линии 8 задержки сигнал на выходе блока 1 отклонения устанавливается равным нулю, поэтому осциллограмма 13 измеряемого сигнала в данные моменты времени будет пересекать центральную 12 горизонтальную риску. Для измерения величины импульса следует изменением задержки линии 8 задержки совместить сначала основание осциллограммы 13 импульса с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской (как показано на фиг. 2), произвести отсчет показаний Ао вольтметра 5, затем изменением задержки совместить вершину осциллограммы 14 импульса с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской (как показано на фиг. 3), произвести отсчет показаний A_m вольтметра 5; амплитуда измеряемого импульса равна A_m-Ao. Для измерения длительности измеряемого импульса на уровне 0,5 от амплитуды следует изменение задержки линии 8 задержки показания вольтметра 5 установить равными (A_m+Ao)/2, при этом осциллограмма 15 на уровне половины амплитуды совместится с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской, по делениям на которой производится отсчет искомой длительности.From the bus 9 of the measured signal, the measured pulses are fed to the first input of the deviation unit 1. The signal U ₃ at the output of the deviation unit 1 (excluding the noise signal due to the amplifiers of the deviation unit 1) is determined by the formula
U ₃ = K (U ₁ -U ₂ ) (1),
where U ₁ and U _{2 the} values of the signals at the first and second inputs of the deviation unit 1, respectively; k gain of the deviation unit 1. The signal from the output of the deviation unit 1 is supplied to the second inputs of the cathode ray tube 2 and stroboscopic transducer 7. From the synchronization bus 10, either synchronizing pulses or measured pulses are received at the input of the synchronization unit 4. Block 4 synchronization generates pulses of synchronization, which from the output of block 4 synchronization are fed to the inputs of block 3 scan and line 8 delay. Upon receipt of a synchronization pulse at the input of the scanning unit 3, a sawtooth-shaped scanning pulse is generated at its output, which arrives at the first input of the cathode ray 2 tube. The delay line 8 delays the synchronization pulses received at its input. The pulses from the output of the delay line 8 are received at the first input of the stroboscopic converter 7. After each pulse received at the first input of the stroboscopic converter 7, a signal is kept at its output, which was at the second input at the time the pulse arrived at the first input. The signal from the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 is fed to the input of the attenuator 11. As the attenuator 11, you can use the attenuator shown in [3] consisting of resistors R3, R5 and HC2. The first and second terminals of a linear resistor (position R3 according to the scheme [3]) having a resistance of 9R are connected to the input and output of the attenuator 11, respectively; non-linear resistor varistor (position HC2 according to the scheme [3]) is connected in parallel to the resistor (position R3); the first and second terminals of the linear resistor (position R5 according to the scheme [3]) having the resistance R are connected respectively to the output of the attenuator 11 and its housing (general output). The current-voltage characteristic of the varistor is described by the equation [4]
i _in = Au $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ (2)
where i is _{in the} current through the varistor; A coefficient; U _b is the voltage across the varistor. Used varistor with
A = 1 / (RU _m ) (3),
where U _{m is the} calibration voltage. Together solving (2, 3), we find the current through the varistor
i _in = u $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ / (RU _m ). (5)
The current through the resistor R3 is equal to
i _p = U _in / (9R) (6)
The voltage U _I at the input of the attenuator 11 is
u _in = u _in + (i _in + i _p ) R = (u $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{2}}{\text{in}}$ / U _m ) + (10u _in / 9) (7)
Solving equation (7), we find

The voltage U _o at the output of the attenuator 11

With (U _in / U _m ) = 0.001; 0.01; 0.1; 1.0; ten; one hundred; 1000 and 10000, the value (U _o / U _in ) calculated according to (9) is 0.10, respectively; 0.11; 0.16; 0.41; 0.73; 0.91; 0.97 and 0.99. The signal from the output of the attenuator 11 is fed to the input of the integrator 6. The signal U ₄ at the output of the integrator 6 is

(ten)
where U _{5 the} signal at the input of the integrator 6; t time; T is the repetition period of the pulses coming from the bus 9 of the measured signal. The signal from the output of the integrator 6 is fed to the input of the voltmeter 5 and the second input of the deviation unit 1. The pulses received from the bus 9 of the measured signal are amplified by the deviation unit 1 and fed to the second input of the cathode ray tube 2, to the first input of which the sawtooth pulses of the scan arrive from the output of the scanning unit 3. As a result, an oscillogram 13 of the pulse is formed on the screen of the cathode ray 2 tube. At time t ₁ from the output of the delay line 8, a pulse is supplied to the first input of the stroboscopic 7 converter, which causes the output of the stroboscopic 7 voltage converter to be held, which was at the second input of the stroboscopic 7 converter. Upon receipt at time t ₁ at the first and second inputs of block 1, deviations of signals of different values equal to U ₁ and U ₂ , respectively, in the interval after time t ₁ and up to time t ₁ + T will be held at the output of stroboscopic 7 of the converter a signal equal in magnitude to (U ₁ -U ₂ ). Given that the transmission coefficient of the attenuator 11 depending on the input signal is in the range from 0.1 to 1.0, the corresponding part of the signal from the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 is fed to the input of the integrator 6. If at the input of the integrator 6 during time T from the time t ₁ until a time t ₁ + T is supported by a signal of value KU _a , then at time t ₁ + T the signal at the output of the integrator 6 will change by a value of U _a . At time t _{1 the} signal at the output of the integrator 6 is equal to U ₂ ; at time t ₁ + T, the signal at the output of the integrator 6 changed by the value of U _a and became equal to U ₂ + U _a , as a result of which, at the time t ₁ + T, a pulse arrives at the first input of the stroboscopic 7 converter, the signal at its output decreases from the value of K (U ₁ -U ₂ ) to K (U ₁ -U ₂ -U _a ). After a number of pulses arrive from the output of the delay line 8, the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 will differ from the voltage at the first input of the deviation unit 1 at the time of receipt of the pulse from the output of the delay line by a value much less than the measurement error. The signal at the output of the integrator 6 is measured with a voltmeter 5. At the moments of the pulse formation at the output of the delay line 8, the signal at the output of the deviation unit 1 is set to zero, therefore, the waveform 13 of the measured signal at these times will cross the central 12 horizontal risk. To measure the magnitude of the pulse, by changing the delay of the delay line 8, first combine the base of the waveform 13 of the pulse with the central 12 horizontal risk (as shown in Fig. 2), count the readings of AO of the voltmeter 5, then change the delay to combine the peak of the waveform 14 of the pulse with the central 12 horizontal risk (as shown in Fig. 3), read the readings A _{m of the} voltmeter 5; the amplitude of the measured pulse is equal to A _m -Ao. To measure the duration of the measured pulse at a level of 0.5 from the amplitude, the delay of the delay line 8 of the delay should be set to read the voltmeter 5 equal to (A _m + Ao) / 2, while the waveform 15 at half the amplitude will be combined with the central 12 horizontal risk, divided by which counts the desired duration.

Improving the accuracy of measurements is explained as follows. At the output of the deviation unit 1, in addition to the amplified measured signal, a noise signal from + 0.1U _m to -0.1U _m due to the noise of the amplifiers of the deviation unit 1 is formed. When using the prototype, the noise voltage from the output of the deviation unit, passing the stroboscopic converter and integrator, continuously changes from -0.1U _m / K to + 0.1U _m / K the signal measured by the voltmeter, which limits the accuracy of the measurements. When using the claimed device due to the noise of the deviation unit 1, the voltage at the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 varies from -0.1U _m to + 0.1U _m , however, after the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 is established, the measured signal value changes in voltage from -0 , 1U _m to + 0.1U _m at the input of the attenuator 11 will cause a change in the voltage at its output in the range of -0.016U _m to + 0.016U _m , which allows reducing the instability range of the voltage measured by the voltmeter 5 by 6 times, and this improves the accuracy of measurements .

 Improving the accuracy and reducing the complexity of measurements is explained by an increase in the brightness and contrast of the waveform and a decrease in its width, which increases the accuracy and facilitates the process of searching and aligning with the central 12 horizontal risk of the peak (highest point) of the waveform 14 of the pulse.

The decrease in the wavelength of the waveform, increasing the brightness and contrast of the waveform is explained as follows. When using the prototype, a noise signal ranging from -0.1U _m to + 0.1U _m from the output of the deflection unit, passing through a stroboscopic converter, is input to the integrator, and this causes a voltage change at the integrator output from -0.1U _m / K up to + 0.1U _m / K; as a result, the waveform moves vertically on the screen from -0.1U _m Ko to + 0.1U _m Ko, where Ko is the vertical deviation coefficient of the cathode ray tube, and the individual waveform implementations do not coincide (the implementation of the waveform is an oscillogram , formed on the screen in the process of receipt of one sawtooth pulse at the first input of the cathode ray tube). When using the prototype, moving the waveform vertically causes:
a) the small brightness of the waveform, this is explained by the fact that the light radiation of different implementations of the waveforms comes from different areas of the screen, while there is no summation of light radiation;
b) the low contrast of the waveform, this is explained by the low brightness of the waveform;
c) the large width of the waveform, this is explained by the mismatch of different implementations of the waveforms.

When using the inventive device, the noise signal at the output of the deviation unit 1, ranging from -0.1U _m to + 0.1U _m , changes the signal at the output of the integrator 6 from -0.016U _m / K to + 0.016U _m / K, which provides practical coincidence of different waveform implementations; this increases the brightness and contrast of the waveform and reduces its width.

то погрешность, обусловленная шумами блока отклонения, не будет отличаться от погрешности заявленного устройства, так как изменение сигнала в момент времени t₁ на 0,1U_m на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя изменяет напряжение на выходе интегратора по истечении времени Т на 0,016U_m/K. Рассмотрим режимы работы прототипа с указанным интегратором и заявленного устройства при изменении амплитуды поступающего с шины 9 измеряемого сигнал импульса амплитудой 10U_m/K, размер осциллограммы 13 по вертикали которого равен половине размера рабочей части экрана по вертикали; после операции совмещения основания осциллограммы 13 импульса с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской и отсчета показаний Ао вольтметра 5 изменением задержки линии 8 задержки момент t₁ времени формирования на ее выходе импульса совмещается с моментом формирования вершины осциллограммы 14 импульса, в результате чего по истечении времени вершина осциллограммы 14 импульса совмещается с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской; при этом после изменения задержки линии 8 задержки, начиная с момента времени t₁, на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя формируется напряжение 10U_m. При поступлении в течение времени с t₁ до t₁+T с выхода стробоскопического преобразователя прототипа напряжения 10U_m на вход интегратора напряжение на его выходе за период с t₁ до t₁+Т изменится, согласно (11), на 1,6U_m/К, в результате чего после момента времени t₁+Т напряжение на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя станет равным 8,4U_m или 84% от напряжения в момент времени t₁; учитывая, что после каждого следующего интервала времени Т напряжение на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя становится равным 84% от предыдущего, напряжение U_N на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя в интервале времени после t₁+NT и до t₁ + (N+1)T определяется выражением
U_N=10U_m•0,84ⁿ (12)
где N количество импульсов, поступивших на первый вход стробоскопического преобразователя после момента времени t₁; при N 0, 1, 4, 26 и 27 напряжение U^N на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя будет равным соответственно 10U_m, 8,4U_m, 5U_m, 0,107 U_m и 0,0903U_m; изменение напряжения на выходе интегратора в момент времени t₁+NT в сравнении с напряжением на выходе интегратора в момент времени t₁ будет равно (10U_m-U_N)/K. При поступлении в течение времени от t₁до t₁+T с выхода стробоскопического 7 преобразователя заявленного устройства напряжения 10U_m на вход аттенюатора 11, то с его выхода на вход интегратора 6 будет поступать, согласно (9), напряжение 7,345U_m, а напряжение на выходе интегратора 6, согласно (10), изменится на 7,345U_m/К, в результате чего напряжение на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя в интервале времени от t₁+T до t₁+2T будет равным 2,655U_m; продолжая аналогичным образом, определяем, что в течение интервалов времени от t₁+NT до t₁+(N+1)Т для N 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 и 11 напряжение U_N на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя будет равно соответственно 10U_m; 2,655U_m; 1,166U_m; 0,659U_m; 0,428U_m; 0,303U_m; 0,226U_m; 0,176U_m; 0,141U_m; 0,115U_m; 0,095U_m; 0,08U_m; изменение напряжения на выходе интегратора 6 в моменты времени t₁+NT в сравнении с напряжением на выходе интегратора 6 в момент времени t₁ будет равно (10U_m-U_N)/K. Если при использовании прототипа в интервале времени от t₁+4T до t₁+5T на экране формируется осциллограмма, у которой основание и вершина отстоят от центральной горизонтальной риски на приблизительно одинаковое расстояние (как показано на фиг. 4), то при использовании заявленного устройства в интервале времени от t₁+4T до t₁+5T на экране формируется осциллограмма 14 импульса, вершина которого отстоит от центральной 12 горизонтальной риски на 4,3% от амплитуды осциллограммы 14 импульса или, что то же самое, на 2,1% от размера рабочей части экрана по вертикали; при использовании прототипа после изменения задержки линии задержки осциллограмма медленно продвигается к своему устойчивому положению (устойчивым является положение осциллограммы, при котором напряжение на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя равно нулю), причем медленное перемещение осциллограммы создает неудобства оператору вследствие медленной реакции изображения на экране на воздействие оператора на осциллограф (изменение задержки линии задержки) и неясности, какое положение осциллограммы будет устойчивым, это особенно заметно при малой частоте следования порядка 5.8 Гц; при использовании заявленного устройства осциллограмма за время 4Т перемещается на 95,7% расстояния от исходного положения в момент времени t₁ до устойчивого положения, причем в момент времени t₁+4T расстояние от вершины осциллограммы 14 до центральной 12 горизонтальной риски (2,1% от размера рабочей части экрана по вертикали, что при размере экрана по вертикали 8 см и при расстоянии от оператора до экрана 60 см видно оператору под углом всего 10 угловых градусов, причем ширина линии осциллограммы 14 и ширина центральной 12 горизонтальной риски видны оператору под углами соответственно 4 и 2 угловых градуса) заметно лишь при внимательном рассмотрении, в процессе которого происходит полное совмещение вершины осциллограммы 14 импульса с центральной 12 горизонтальной риской. Этим обеспечивается повышение удобства при использовании заявленного устройства. Уменьшение времени проведения измерений обусловлено тем, что, если при использовании прототипа после возникновения напряжения 10U_m на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя в момент времени t₁ напряжение на выходе стробоскопического преобразователя уменьшится до 0,1U_m лишь по истечение времени 27Т, то при использовании заявленного устройства при возникновении в момент времени t₁ напряжения 10U_m на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя уже по истечении времени 10Т напряжение на выходе стробоскопического 7 преобразователя будет меньше 0,1U_m, что ускоряет индикацию вольтметром 5 показаний с погрешностью не более 1%Reducing the measurement time and improving the convenience of measurements is explained as follows. When using a prototype with an integrator, in which the output signal is determined by the expression (11)

then the error caused by the noise of the deviation unit will not differ from the error of the claimed device, since a change in the signal at time t ₁ by 0.1U _m at the output of the stroboscopic converter changes the voltage at the output of the integrator after time T by 0.016U _m / K. Consider the modes of operation of the prototype with the specified integrator and the claimed device when changing the amplitude of the measured pulse signal from the bus 9 with an amplitude of 10U _m / K, the size of the waveform 13 vertically equal to half the size of the working part of the screen vertically; after the operation of combining the base of the waveform 13 of the pulse with the central 12 horizontal risk and reading the readings of the AO voltmeter 5 by changing the delay of the delay line 8, the moment t _{1 of} the formation time at its output is combined with the moment of formation of the peak of the waveform 14 of the pulse, resulting in the end of the waveform 14 after time the impulse is combined with the central 12 horizontal risk; in this case, after changing the delay of the delay line 8, starting from time t ₁ , a voltage of 10U _m is generated at the output of the stroboscopic converter 7. On admission for the time from t ₁ to t ₁ + T output from the stroboscopic converter 10U _m prototype voltage to the input voltage of the integrator at its output for the period from t ₁ to t ₁ + T change, according to (11) for 1,6U _m / K, as a result of which, after a moment of time t ₁ + T, the voltage at the output of the stroboscopic converter becomes equal to 8.4U _m or 84% of the voltage at time t ₁ ; taking into account that after each subsequent time interval T, the voltage at the output of the stroboscopic converter becomes 84% of the previous one, the voltage U _N at the output of the stroboscopic converter in the time interval after t ₁ + NT and up to t ₁ + (N + 1) T is determined by the expression
U _N = 10U _m • 0.84 ⁿ (12)
where N is the number of pulses received at the first input of the stroboscopic converter after time t ₁ ; at N 0, 1, 4, 26 and 27, the voltage U ^N at the output of the stroboscopic converter will be 10U _m , 8.4U _m , 5U _m , 0.107 U _m and 0.0903U _m , respectively; the change in the voltage at the output of the integrator at time t ₁ + NT in comparison with the voltage at the output of the integrator at time t ₁ will be equal to (10U _m -U _N ) / K. Upon receipt of a voltage of 10U _m from the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 of the claimed device over a period of time from t ₁ to t ₁ + T, then, according to (9), the voltage of 7.345U _m will be supplied from its output to the input of the integrator 6, and the voltage at the output of the integrator 6, according to (10), will change by 7.345U _m / K, as a result of which the voltage at the output of the stroboscopic converter 7 in the time interval from t ₁ + T to t ₁ + 2T will be equal to 2.655 U _m ; continuing in a similar way, we determine that during time intervals from t ₁ + NT to t ₁ + (N + 1) T for N 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11 the voltage U _N at the output of the stroboscopic 7 transducer will be 10U _m , respectively; 2.655U _m ; 1.166 U _m ; 0.659U _m ; 0.428U _m ; 0.303U _m ; 0.226 U _m ; 0.176 U _m ; 0.141 U _m ; 0.115U _m ; 0.095U _m ; 0.08U _m ; the change in the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 at times t ₁ + NT in comparison with the voltage at the output of the integrator 6 at time t ₁ will be equal to (10U _m -U _N ) / K. If when using the prototype in the time interval from t ₁ + 4T to t ₁ + 5T, an oscillogram is formed on the screen, in which the base and top are approximately the same distance from the central horizontal risk (as shown in Fig. 4), then when using the claimed device in the time interval from t ₁ + 4T to t ₁ + 5T, a waveform of waveform 14 is formed on the screen, the apex of which is away from the central 12 horizontal risks by 4.3% of the amplitude of waveform 14 of the pulse or, which is the same, by 2.1% on the size of the working part of the screen ticked; when using the prototype, after changing the delay of the delay line, the oscillogram slowly moves to its stable position (the position of the waveform at which the voltage at the output of the stroboscopic converter is zero is stable), and the slow movement of the waveform creates inconvenience to the operator due to the slow reaction of the image on the screen to the operator's influence on the oscilloscope (change in the delay of the delay line) and the uncertainty of which position of the waveform is stable, this is especially o noticeable at a low repetition rate of the order of 5.8 Hz; when using the claimed device, the waveform for 4T moves 95.7% of the distance from the starting position at time t ₁ to a stable position, and at time t ₁ + 4T the distance from the top of the waveform 14 to the central 12 horizontal risks (2.1% from the size of the working part of the screen vertically, which with a vertical screen size of 8 cm and a distance from the operator to the screen of 60 cm is visible to the operator at an angle of only 10 degrees, the width of the waveform line 14 and the width of the central 12 horizontal risks are visible the operator at angles of 4 and 2 angular degrees, respectively) is noticeable only upon careful examination, during which there is a complete combination of the peak of the waveform 14 of the pulse with the central 12 horizontal risk. This provides increased convenience when using the claimed device. The reduction in measurement time is due to the fact that if, when using the prototype, after the voltage 10U _m arises at the output of the stroboscopic transducer at time t _{1, the} voltage at the output of the stroboscopic transducer decreases to 0.1U _m only after 27T, then when using the claimed device with occurs at time t ₁ 10U _m output voltage stroboscopic converter 7 already after a time 10T output voltage stroboscopic converter 7 will IU he longer 0,1U _m, which speeds up the display of the voltmeter readings 5 with an error of not more than 1%

Claims (1)

 An oscilloscope containing a voltmeter, a deviation unit, a cathode ray tube, a scan unit, an integrator, a stroboscopic converter, a delay line and a synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the synchronization bus, and the output of the synchronization unit is connected to the inputs of the delay line and the scan unit, the first and second the inputs of the stroboscopic converter are connected to the outputs of the delay line and the deviation unit, the first input of the deviation unit is connected to the measured signal bus, the outputs of the scan unit and the off unit the voltage is connected to the first and second inputs of the cathode ray tube, the input of the voltmeter and the second input of the deviation unit are connected to the output of the integrator, characterized in that, in order to increase the accuracy of measurements, reduce the complexity of measurements, reduce the width and length of the waveform, increase the brightness and contrast oscillograms, reducing the measurement time and increasing the convenience of measurements, an attenuator is introduced, and the output of the stroboscopic converter through the attenuator is connected to the input of the integrator.

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