SU1739304A1 - Oscillograph - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a radio measuring technique. The oscilloscope contains a deviation unit 1, the first 2 and second 3 switches, a cathode ray tube 4, a sweep unit 5, a delay line 11, the first 9 and second 10 stroboscopic converters, a voltmeter 12, and a synchronization unit 6. The decrease in labor input during measurements is due to the exclusion of the visual search operation on the oscillogram of the highest point pulse, in the process of which horizontal risk is used, there is little contrast on the screen ion and small width. 2 Il.

Description

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The invention relates to a radio measuring technique and can be used in oscillography.

An oscillograph is known which is characterized by a high laboriousness of combining the luminance tag with the oscillogram, as well as the low accuracy of combining the label with the oscillogram, which is due to the mutual masking of the label and the waveform line when they are closer to the distance between the label and the line of the oscillogram.

The closest technical solution to the invention is an oscilloscope that contains first and second switches, a cathode ray tube, a scanner, a synchronization unit, first and second stroboscopic transducers, a delay line, a voltmeter, and a deviation unit, whose input is connected to the bus bar. -, signal, and the output of the deviation unit is connected to the first input of the first switch and the second input of the first stroboscopic converter, the output of which is connected to the input of a voltmeter and the third input of the first switch Pa, the output of the first switch is connected to the second input of the cathode-ray tube, the second inputs of the first and second switches are connected to the second output of the scanner, the synchronization bus is connected to the input of the synchronization unit, the output of which is connected to the input of the scanner and the delay line, the output of the delay line is connected to the first inputs of the first and second stroboscopic transducers, the first output of the scanner is connected to the first input of the second switch, and the second input of the second stroboscopic conversion bodies, output of the second strobo-. The scopic converter is connected to the third input of the second switch, the output of which is connected to the first input of the cathode ray tube. When the oscilloscope operates, an oscillogram of the signal under study is reproduced on its screen and a velocity mark on the waveform line. The magnitude of the signal at the point indicated on the oscillogram by a voice tag is determined with a voltmeter. However, when measuring the highest value (amplitude) of a pulse with a non-uniform tip,

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The operator's operations to search for the highest impulse value contain a large error and are laborious. The error in determining the highest value of the pulse is due to the error in the visual selection of the highest point in the waveform} the non-parallelism of the scanning lines and horizontal risks.

The complexity of determining the highest pulse value is due to the complexity of the visual search for the highest point on the oscillogram, the low contrast of scratches on a dark screen, which makes it difficult to perform visual operations.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the accuracy and reduce the complexity of the measurements.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the oscilloscope containing the deflection unit, the first and second switches, the cathode ray tube,

5 scanner, delay line, first and second stroboscopic transducers, voltmer — and synchronization unit, the input of which is connected to the synchronization bus, and the output of the unit

synchronization is connected to the inputs

delay lines and a scanner, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the second switch and the second input of the second stroboscopic converter, and the second output

The 3 scanners are connected to the second inputs of the first and second switches, the outputs of the first and second switches are connected respectively to the second and first inputs of the cathode ray tube, the input of the deflection unit is connected to the measured signal bus, and the output of the deviation unit is connected to the first input of the first switch and the second input of the first stroboscopic converter, the output of the delay line is connected to the first inputs of the first and second stroboscopic converters Q, and the output of the first stroboscopic transducer the former is connected to the input of the voltmeter and the third input of the first switch, the first and second generators, the third switch and the adder are introduced, the first input of which is connected to the output of the second stroboscopic converter, the output of the adder is connected to the third input of the second switch, and

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the outputs of the first and second generators are connected to the first and second inputs of the third switch, respectively, the output of which is connected to the second input of the adder.

Figure 1 shows a block diagram of an oscilloscope; figure 2 - the image on the screen of the oscilloscope.

The oscilloscope contains a deviation unit 1, the first 2, the second 3 and the third 14 switches, the cathode ray tube C, the scan unit 5, the synchronization unit 6, the synchronization bus 7, the measured signal bus 8, the first 9 and second 10 stroboscopic converters, delay line 11, voltmeter 12, adder 13, first 15 and second 16 generators, 17 waveform oscillogram, horizontal risks 18 and 23, brightness labels 19 and 20, and scan lines 21 and 22

The oscilloscope works as follows.

From the tire 8 of the measured signal to the input of the deviation unit 1 with a period of 0.1-10 mls, measured pulses are received with a duration of less than one third of their follow-up period. The deflection unit 1 delays and amplifies the pulses arriving at its input. From the output of the deviation unit 1, the pulses are fed to the first input of the first switch 2 and the second input of the first stroboscopic converter 9. From the output of the first stroboscopic converter 9, the signal is fed to the input of a voltmeter 12 and the third input of the first switch 2. From the output of the first switch 2, the signal goes to the second input cathode ray tube 4. From the synchronization bus 7, either synchronization pulses or measured pulses are sent to the input of the synchronization unit 6. The synchronization unit 6 generates pulses and supplies them to the input of the delay line 11 and the input of the sweep unit 5. From the output of the delay line 11, the delayed pulses arrive at the first inputs of the first 9 and second 10 stroboscopic transducers. i

After each pulse arriving at the first input of the first 9 and second 10 stroboscopic transducers, a signal that was on the second inputs at the moment of arrival of the pulse to the first inputs is held at their outputs. After arriving at the entrance of block 39304

As the pulse sweep 5, a sawtooth sweep voltage is generated at the first output, and a second sweep at the second output. During the course, a rectangular impulse is formed, and the starting points of the sawtooth and rectangular impulses coincide, and the ending points of the sawtooth and pp - southwave impulses coincide. The sawtooth pulses from the first output of the sweep unit 5 are fed to the first input of the second switch 3 and the second input of the second stroboscopic converter 10. The rectangular pulse from the second output of the sweep unit 5 is fed to the second inputs of the first 2 and second 3 switches. When pulses are supplied to the second inputs of the first 2 20 and second 3 switches, their outputs are connected to the first inputs j with no impulses on the second inputs of the first 2 and second 3 switches, their outputs are connected to the third inputs. The signal from the output of the second stroboscopic converter 10 is fed to the first input of the adder 13, the second input of which receives a signal from the third output - JQ of its switch 14.

The output signal from the adder 13, equal to the sum of the signals received at its first and second inputs, is fed to the third input of the second switch 3. The signals from the outputs of the first 5 15 and second 16 generators arrive at the first and second inputs of the third switch 14, respectively. The first generator 15 generates a sine wave with a frequency of 100 kHz. The second generator 16 generates with a follow-up frequency of 4 Hz (a follow-up period of 250 mlc) of a series (burst) of pulses, with each series of seven pulses with a duration of 10 mlc followed by a follow-up period of 20 mlc. When a pulse is applied to the second input of the third switch 14, its output is connected to the first input, if there is no pulse at the second input of the third switch 14, its output is disconnected from the first input. The output signal from the second switch 3 goes to the first input of the CRT 4. When a sig - catch from tire 8 of the measured signal and tire 7 of synchronization a pulse from the output of the block in synchronization starts block 5 of the sweep, which is 40

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At the first output, a sawtooth pulse arrives through the second switch 3 to the first input of the X-ray tube 4. The amplified measured signal from the output of the deviation T through the first switch 2 goes to the second input of the X-ray tube. As a result, a pulse oscilloscope 17 is formed on the screen of the cathode-ray tube. At one point in the formation of the oscillogram 17 and the pulse from the output of the delay line 11, a pulse arrives, which causes the first 9 and second 10 stroboscopic signal converters that are present at the second and first inputs of the cathode ray tube U, respectively, to be held at the outputs output line 11 delay. After the formation of the oscillogram 17 of the pulse and before the formation of the next oscillogram 17 of the pulse, the signals from the outputs of the first stroboscopic converter 9 and the adder 13 are fed to the second and first inputs of the cathode ray k tube, respectively, during periods of no pulses at the output of the second generator 16 The first input of the cathode-ray tube 1 receives a signal from the output of the second stroboscopic converter 10, which ensures the formation of the luminous mark 19 of the oscillo located in that place grams 17 of the pulse that is generated on the oscilloscope screen at the time of the appearance of the pulse at the output of the delay line 11. During periods of presence of a pulse at the output of the second generator 16, the sum of the signals from the output of the first stroboscopic converter 10 and the first generator 15 is fed to the first input of the cathode-ray tube k, which ensures the formation of a scanning line 21 on the screen that crosses the capacitance mark 19.

During the formation of a second pulse generator with a second pulse generator 16, a mark 19 and a sweep line 21 are alternately formed with an alternating frequency of 50 Hz, which eliminates the flicker of the luminous mark 19 and a sweep line 21 during the formation time of the second generator 16 of a pulse series. Line 21 sweep flashes with

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frequency k Hz. When the delay of the delay line 11 is changed, the luminous label 19 moves along the oscillogram 17, and at the location of the luminous label 19 in any place of the oscillogram 17 the sweep line 21 intersects the luminous label 19.

FIG. The 2 luminous 20 mark and the sweep lines 22 illustrate one of the positions of the luminous mark 19 and the sweep line 21 after changing the delay of the delay line 11. A luminance mark 19 and a sweep line 21 occur at the same delay value of the delay line 11, and a luminous mark 20 with the sweep line 22 is formed at a different delay value of the delay line 11. In this connection, either a p-type label 19 and a scanning line 21, or a brightness label 20 with a scanning line 22, or a brightness label with a scanning line are located on a different 5 (not specified) waveform point 17.i

The sweep line 22 is formed in the time interval when the signal at the second input of the vertical deflection of the cathode ray tube remains unchanged, due to which the sweep line 22 intersects with the oscillogram 17 at the points representing those elements of the measured pulse that have the same, for example living If the waveform elements 17 are located on both sides of the sweep line 22, the sweep line 22 intersects with the oscillogram 17 at two (or more) points, and in this case the measured pulse at time points corresponding to the intersection points of the sweep line 22 with the oscillogram 17 does not accept highest value. If no part of the waveform 17 goes to the other side of the scanning line 21, this means that the central (axial) line of the scanning line 21 is tangent to the central (axial) line of the oscillogram 17 and the touch occurs in the center of the velocity mark 19 which is located at the point of the waveform 17 corresponding to the highest (peak) value of the measured pulse. The magnitude of the signal at the input of block 1 deviation at the time preceding the moment of the appearance of a pulse at the output of the delay line 11 by the time delay by block 1

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deviation is equal to the voltage measured by a voltmeter 12 divided by the gain of the deviation block 1. To measure the maximum (peak) voltage of a pulse, you need to change the delay of delay line 11 to set the capacitance mark 19 at the top of the pulse oscillogram 17 so that the pulse oscillogram does not exit to the other side of the scan line 21, divide the voltmeter 12 and divide them by the gain of unit 1 rejection.

The increase in the measurement volume is due to the following factors.

The axis of the scan line 22 (dashed lines in Lig.2) intersects the pulse waveform 17 at those points at which the corresponding input signal has the same magnitude. The horizontal risk 18 does not coincide, but intersects with the scan line 22 due to distortion of the cathode ray tube (geometric distortions of the image reproducibility). When using a well-known oscilloscope in measuring the highest (peak) signal value, the operator, focusing on the horizontal risks printed on the screen, finds the highest point on the oscillogram and sets the velocity mark to this point. Due to the distortion, the highest point in the waveform does not display the largest measured signal. As a result, there is an error due to distortion, since the operator during measurements sets the brightness mark 20 to the highest point of the waveform 17 of the pulses that does not correspond to the maximum of the signal. Placing the scan line 21, that the elements of the oscillogram 17 of the pulse do not reach the other side of the scan line 21, means that the brightness label 19 is located at the point of the highest signal value, and this ensures that the error caused by the distortion of the cathode ray tube when using the proposed device .

The visual selection of the peak of the oscillogram of the pulse in a known oscilloscope contains errors due to the error of the visual estimate of the distance between points

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at the top of the oscillogram 17 of the pulse and the horizontal risk 23, which generally does not intersect the peak, the oscillograms of the 17 pulse impose an additional error of visual estimation of the distance between the points at the top of the oscillogram 17 of the pulse and the horizontal risk 23 due to small contrast on the background of the screen and width 23J horizontal risks, the operator’s inaccuracy of visual comparison of the distance between different points of the vertex of the oscillogram 17 of the pulse 17 and the horizontal line 23 performed at searching for the highest point in the pulse oscillogram 17, the operator’s limited accuracy of the visually memorized 20 of the pulse found on the oscillogram 17 of the pulse (before installing the brightness mark 19 at this point) due to the limited visual capabilities of the operator and 25 missing marks on the screen that allow you to memorize the location of screen points.

The search for the highest point in the oscillogram using the proposed 30 oscilloscope is not associated with the use of horizontal risks, which excludes the errors inherent in the known oscilloscope.

The decrease in labor intensity in measurements with the proposed oscilloscope is due to the exclusion of the visual search operation on the oscillogram of the highest point pulse, during which horizontal, optical risk with low contrast in the background of the screen and small width are used.

Claims (1)

Invention Formula , Oscilloscope containing a deflection unit, first and second switches, cathode ray tube, scanner, delay line, first and second stroboscopic converters 2Q detectors, voltmeter, and synchronization unit, whose input is connected to the bus, synchronization, and the output of the synchronization unit is connected to the line inputs delays and a scanner, the first output of which is connected to the first input of the second switch and the second input of the second stroboscopic converter, and the second output of the scanner is connected to the second 35 eleven inputs of the first and second switches, the outputs of the first and second switches are connected respectively to the second and, first inputs of the cathode ray tube, the input of the deviation unit is connected to the bus of the measured signal, and the output of the deviation unit is connected to the first input of the first commutator and the second input of the first the stroboscopic converter, the output of the delay line is connected to the first inputs of the first and second stroboscopic converters, and the output of the first stroboscopic converter is connected to the input of the voltmet ra and the third entrance of the first 173930 112 switch, characterized in that, in order to improve the accuracy and reduce the complexity of the measurements, the first and second generators, the third switch and the adder, the first input of which is connected to the output of the second stroboscopic converter, are output the third input of the second switch, with the outputs of the first and second generators connected to the first and second inputs of the third switch, respectively, the output of which is j5 GOD connected to the second input of the adder. FIG. 2