RU2074882C1 - Method of oil processing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum processing. SUBSTANCE: oil reforming process accomplished by way of thermocatalytic treatment of oil on the packet of alumino/nickel/molybdenum and/or alumino/cobalt/molybdenum catalysts charged in mixture with elementary sulfur in hydrogen medium at elevated temperature and pressure is distinguished with that oil, prior to be thermocatalytically treated, is heated to 40-50 C and mixed with 1- 7 vol % of oxygen-containing compounds, whereupon the mixture is brought in contact with catalyst packet at 330-410 C and pressure 20-150 atm followed by fractioning of product obtained. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of oil processing.

Description

 The invention relates to oil refining and petrochemicals, in particular, to methods for processing oil and gas condensate.

 Known methods of oil refining [1, 2], including the preliminary fractionation of desalted and dehydrated oil followed by the processing of each of the oil fractions, require a significant amount of sophisticated technological equipment, a large amount of various hydrotreating, reforming, catalytic cracking catalysts, and also lead to the formation of significant quantities of residual oil products that are difficult to process, and heavy metals.

 The main task of oil refining has traditionally been to isolate fractions of oil products that boil away at certain temperatures. The process of such separation is based on the gradual removal of lighter fractions from the original oil by heating it. The process is known as the process of rectification (or distillation) of oil.

 The rectification process (i.e. the separation of oil into hydrocarbon fractions by heating) has determined the entire modern method of processing crude oil.

 Since light fractions are the most valuable, oil deposits with a high content of light distillates were traditionally developed primarily. With the development of transport and the chemical industry, the consumption of petroleum products, and especially light ones, increased sharply, which led to the depletion of oil fields with a high content of light oil products.

 In connection with a decrease in the selection of light crude from new grades of crude oil on the one hand and an increasing demand for them on the other, the processes of deep oil refining are widely developed.

 Deep oil refining is currently carried out for residual oil products consisting of heavy oil distillates remaining after the selection of light distillates from crude oil. The depth of oil refining at present at the best refineries is about 85%, which practically means that as a result of such refining, 85% of the original oil is converted into light oil products. The remainder either remains in the form of heavy residues or is converted to hydrocarbon gases.

 The problem of deepening oil refining is becoming more and more urgent, as trends for deterioration in oil quality continue to deepen. Deep oil refining is currently a serious problem. This is primarily due to technical difficulties arising from the deepening of oil refining: a low degree of conversion of sulfur-containing compounds during hydrotreatment, increased gas generation in catalytic cracking processes, etc.

 One of the ways to solve the problem of increasing the yield of light oil products, reducing material consumption and obtaining low-sulfur fuel oil and coke in the processing of high-sulfur heavy oils is to change the approach to oil processing.

Currently, methods have been developed for hydrofining of individual oil fractions: gasolines, kerosene, diesel fractions. There are publications on hydrotreating heavy oil feedstocks [3-6]
Nevertheless, the currently known approaches to hydrofining of individual oil fractions are not applicable for oil refining as a whole.

 The closest solution to the technical nature and the achieved result is a method for hydrotreating hydrocarbons, in particular vacuum gas oil or deasphalted residual oil products [7] However, this method also does not allow hydrofining of oil or gas condensate at the stage of their preliminary processing, that is, before fractionation, when their composition includes asphalt-resinous substances.

 The aim of the invention is to increase the yield of light petroleum products and the production of petroleum products with improved environmental characteristics.

This goal is achieved by thermocatalytic treatment of desalted feedstock in the presence of alumina-nickel and / or alumina-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in a hydrogen atmosphere at elevated temperature and pressure, provided that the feedstock is preheated to 40-50 ^o C and mixed with lower aliphatic alcohol taken before thermocatalytic treatment in the amount of 1.0-7.0 vol. and the processing is carried out in the presence of catalysts loaded in a mixture of elemental sulfur at a temperature of 330-410 ^o C, a pressure of 204150 ati, followed by fractionation of the resulting product.

A distinctive feature of the proposed method is that before thermocatalytic processing, the feedstock is preheated to 40-50 ^o C and mixed with lower aliphatic alcohol, taken in an amount of 1.0-7.0 vol. and the processing is carried out in the presence of catalysts loaded in a mixture with elemental sulfur at a temperature of 330-410 ^o C, a pressure of 20-150 MPa, followed by fractionation of the resulting product.

 The basis of the proposed method of oil refining is the process of hydrofining of oil with subsequent separation into fractions. In the process of hydrofining of oil, hydrotreating, light cracking in a hydrogen medium proceeds. The result is oil that is low in sulfur, nitrogen, and heavy metals. In addition, the yield of liquid light hydrocarbons is significantly increased.

Preliminary preparation of desalted and dehydrated oil by mixing and heating it to 40-50 ^o C with a given amount of lower aliphatic alcohols changes the micellar structure of the oil and facilitates the easy cracking that occurs during hydrofining of the resulting mixture, which increases the yield of light fractions with a reduced content of sulfur compounds.

 In known methods of oil refining, the application of the described technology is unknown. Therefore, this technical solution meets the criteria of "novelty" and a significant difference. "

 Example 1

As a raw material, oil with the following physicochemical characteristics was used:
density 8620 kg / m ³ ,
viscosity at 20 ^o 23.1 mm ² / s,
content, wt.

paraffins 2.95
sulfur 1.85
nitrogen 0.29
asphaltenes 4,5
coking ability 5.9%
yield of fractions, vol.

70-180 ^o C 12
180-360 ^o C 58
fuel oil 30
99 ml of oil of the specified composition was mixed with 1 ml of ethyl alcohol and heated to a temperature of 40 ^o C.

The resulting mixture was subjected to hydrofining at a temperature of 330 ^o C, a hydrogen pressure of 20 MPa on an aluminum-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst.

 The fractionation of the obtained hydrogenate was carried out, the results of which are given in table. 2.

 The parameters of the process, raw materials, used catalyst are given in table. 1. The quality of the obtained product according to examples 2-6 are given in table. 2. The sequence of operations and the oil sample used for testing when performing examples 2-6 are similar to example 1.

 When carrying out examples 1-5 (table. 1), the contacting of the mixture is carried out with a catalyst loaded into the reactor in a mixture with elemental sulfur.

 As can be seen from the table. 1 and 2 of the data, the proposed method can significantly increase the yield of low-sulfur light fractions.

Claims (1)

A method of oil refining by thermocatalytic treatment of desalted feedstock in the presence of an alumina-nickel and / or alumina-cobalt-molybdenum catalyst in a hydrogen environment at elevated temperature and pressure, characterized in that the feedstock is preheated to 40-50 ^° C and mixed with lower aliphatic alcohol before thermocatalytic treatment taken in the amount of 1 to 7 vol. and the treatment is carried out in the presence of catalysts loaded in a mixture with elemental sulfur at 330 410 ^o C, 20 150 ati, followed by fractionation of the resulting product.

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