RU2074599C1 - Semi-arid pasture amelioration method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: method involves cutting pasture into bands of equal width (25-50 m); providing band tillage of soil; sowing grass seeds on nontilled bands; harvesting grass plants upon maturing. Bands are tilled in alternation and sown with grass seeds having different maturing time. At mowing maturity phase, grass is mown and raked through nonsown bands up to boundary of next sown band. During raking seeds fall into nonsown band. Next year grass is mown at cereal mowing maturity phase. Late in autumn bands are harrowed transverse to sowing direction to rake in seeds. EFFECT: increased efficiency in pasture restoration, reduced cost and simplified method. 5 cl

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods for improving pasture, and can be used in semi-desert areas to strengthen the forage base of sheep.

 Known methods for improving pasture in deserts and semi-deserts, including tillage with strips 10-50 cm wide, alternating with sections of natural pasture 12-300 m wide and sowing on treated grass seed strips. As a rule, the stripes are located across the direction of the prevailing winds (see books: L. Gaevskaya and others. "Improvement of pastures and the creation of hayfields in the desert zone of Uzbekistan", Samarkand, 1959, p. 19, 24; Shameutdinov Z.Sh. " Creation of long-term pastures in the arid zone of Central Asia ", Tashkent, Fan, 1975, p. 144; Erofeev V.A. et al." Recommendations for enclosing, improving and using pastures of the Western Caspian ", Elista, 1972, p. 48 ; Muhammedov et al. "Recommendations for the improvement of pastures in arid zones of Central Asia and Southern Kazakhstan", M. Ministry of Agriculture of the USSR, 1982, p. 16).

 After fixing the seeded grasses, they cultivate the soil in strips with natural vegetation and are also sown with grass seeds. Thus, the technology of improving pastures in two stages protects them from the harmful effects of wind erosion. However, in its essence, it is a technology of radical improvement only in the strip version, which is notable for its high labor intensity and significant operational and capital costs.

 There is also a method of creating artificial pastures (see ed. St. N 1481792, class A 01 B 79/02), which provides for the creation of seed plots directly on the improved pasture, placing them in narrow stripes (3-10 m) across the direction of the prevailing winds and alternating with wide strips (80-100 m) of natural pasture.

 After seed ripening in the seed plots, the whole mass of the testis is mowed with combines, crushed and scattered on wide strips of natural pasture, and then rolled up with rollers. According to the authors, in this way they achieve a reduction in the number of technological operations for improving pastures, which means lower costs.

 However, one-time mowing of seed areas indicates the simultaneous maturation of seeds, indicating the coincidence of grass development cycles. And this means that the floristic composition of the testes does not differ in variety.

 In the prototype, only post-harvest seed processing and loading and unloading operations are excluded from the generally accepted pasture improvement technology. Instead of harvesting the seeds, the entire mass of the testis is removed, and even crushed. And instead of sowing with a seeder, sowing heaps and compacting it with rollers in order to plant seeds in the soil.

 The aim of the invention is to reduce the cost of creating semi-desert pastures with a rich botanical composition of the grass stand.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that in the pasture the soil is cultivated under the testes in strips of 25-50 m wide, and the equally large strips between them are left untouched. The bands are located across the direction of the prevailing winds. After preparation of the soil, seeds of Scarabacea hernacea, wheatgrass, camphorosmos, thistle and tipsea, which are the dominant plants of semi-desert pastures, are spread in strips in a random and wide order.

 The seeds of calyx and Scots ripen in early June, crumble and are carried by the wind across the field due to their high windage. On the contrary, the generative sprout of the granary practically does not lie down, does not break off, and the seeds stay in the wheel for a long time and do not crumble even in strong winds. They ripen two weeks later than that of Scots and Scots.

 The seeds of camphorosphus and thistle, ripening by the end of October, are also characterized by high windage and easy showability.

 After camphor and thistle have reached hay ripening, the testes are mowed by mowers and grown, and after drying the grass is raked through unseeded strips to the borders of adjacent sown strips, and then harvested. Due to the fact that by this time the seeds of cereal grasses both in the testis and in the aisles are ripening and partially crumbling, raking hay with rakes through unimproved pasture strips is simultaneously an operation of sowing and planting grass seeds in the soil.

 As our experiments have shown, in autumn, which is favorable in humidity, on untreated strips, after raking grass in rolls, seeds of cereals grow in abundance, growing both in testes and on natural pastures. By the time of the onset of frost, they manage to unfold, and this is a guarantee of their survival in winter conditions. If autumn develops arid, then the seeds germinate early in the spring of next year.

 Continuing the hay use of the testes, the next year they mow with the hay ripening of cereals, i.e. Volosnets, grain bread and tiptsa (late May to early June). Camphorosma and thistle differ from other herbs in the presence of creeping generative shoots, so some of them remain intact during haymaking and form full-fledged seeds. In addition, many of the cut bushes grow before the start of winter and also form a seed crop. Part of the seeds after ripening due to the high windage is carried across the field by wind. And the other part remains on the plants. So that they are scattered along unimproved strips and embedded in the soil, the entire area across the testes is armored with tooth harrows.

 Harrowing time is November to December.

 In the spring of next year, the seeds of camphor and thistle sprout in abundance.

 This significantly reduces the operation of improving pasture in comparison with the prototype. Moreover, it is possible to combine haymaking and pasture improvement operations in a single technological process.

 The method was tested in semi-desert pastures on the Black Lands (Kalmyk SSR).

 The use of the invention will allow to create a pasture rich in the botanical composition of the grass stand, both due to the testes and seeds of other herbs growing on untreated strips. Such a pasture is a prototype (model) of a natural semi-desert forage land.

Claims (5)

 1. A method for improving semi-desert pastures, including strip tillage with leaving uncultivated strips between them, creating grass seed on treated strips, harvesting the entire mass of testes after seed maturation, characterized in that the soil on the pastures is treated with strips 25 to 50 m wide alternating with uncultivated stripes of the same width.  2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the testes create semi-deserts from fodder plants dominant with different growth and development cycles of chytinaceous meadowsweet, wheatgrass, camphorosma, rod and tippa.  3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that each type of testes of herbs is sown in a separate row with aisles of 0.7 m  4. The method according to p. 3, characterized in that in the time of hay ripening of camphoros and rod, the testes are mowed with a mower in the spread, after drying with a rake, they are raked through untreated strips to ensure that the cereal seeds are sown and embedded in the soil to the border with the next adjacent testis strip.  5. The method according to p. 4, characterized in that the next year, the testes are mowed at the time of hay ripening of the scallop, grain and tipca, and the seed on the generative shoots of camphor and rod that have grown and survived after mowing by harrowing are pulled apart with the direction of sowing of the seed and close up untreated pasture strips into the soil.