RU2074117C1 - Dispenser - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices for splitting (dispersion) of gas bubbles in the flow of moving liquid to form gas-liquid mixtures in plants of pressure flotation and aeration of liquids. SUBSTANCE: located inside the body made in the form of successively located confuser, cylinder and diffuser is cylinder-conical barrier provided with collar having longitudinal grooves. Supplying nozzle is located for axial motion in body confuser. Barrier is installed in cylinder and discharge branch pipe is located in diffuser. Due to this, favorable hydrodynamic conditions are provided for multistage impact splitting of bubbles and their discharge under the conditions preventing coalescence. Body is made in the form of two halves between which barrier collar is clamped to simplify its manufacture as in this case there is no need in additional fastening of barrier inside the body, and it is reliably protected from displacement. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

 The invention is intended for crushing gas bubbles in a moving fluid stream. It can be used for the formation of water-air mixtures in plants for pressure flotation, aeration of wastewater or sludge mixtures in biological or physico-chemical treatment systems.

 A dispersant is known that contains a rectangular case with sequentially arranged nozzles and shock walls made in the form of prisms (Kondratyev S.A. Some patterns of aeration and the creation of a flotation machine based on them with high specific productivity: abstract of dissertation, candidate of technical sciences. Sciences: Novosibirsk: IPKON AN USSR, 1988, p. 9 11, Fig. 2; Rubinstein, Yu.B. Burshtein, MA New Designs of Aerators in Pneumatic Flotation Machines: Review, M. TsNIITEItyazhmash, 1990, p. 11, fig. . 3b). The disadvantages of the dispersant are the difficulty in manufacturing, unreliability in operation and the instability of the process of formation of bubbles uniform in size. The complexity of manufacturing is due to the shape of the shock walls, consisting of several parts connected by welding, the impossibility of pressing against them without gap gaps, the presence of rubber seals and a large number of threaded joints. The mismatch between the first jet along the stream (round) and the first shock wall (rectangular) leads to non-uniform reflection of the liquid jets in the vertical section (one jet is already flowing around the wall, while the other, moving along the diagonal, still slides along it, losing due to friction speed). As a result, lateral flows appear in the chamber, leading to uneven flow around the first wall and decreasing the impact efficiency of the second wall.

 The closest analogue in technical essence and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a dispersant (French patent B 2354294, class C 02 C 5/10, 1/14, 02/10/78, Italy priority 07/02/76), containing a cylindrical body with a feed nozzle and outlet holes located on the side surface, inside which a barrier made in the form of a round plate is installed perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle.

 The disadvantages of the known device adopted for the prototype are the low operational reliability and instability in the work, because of which the mixture must be passed several times through the dispersant. The disadvantages are due to a single impact of the jet on the obstacle and the location of the outlet holes on the side surface of the housing, which leads to the "spreading" of the jet, a decrease in the speed of impact on the obstacle.

 The purpose of the invention is improving operational reliability and stability in operation, simplifying manufacturing.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that in the dispersant containing a housing with a feed nozzle and a discharge pipe, inside which a barrier is installed perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle, according to the invention, the housing is made in the form of consecutive confuser, cylinder and diffuser, the barrier has a cylindrical shape and is equipped with a whisk located on its cylindrical part and having longitudinal grooves, and the feed nozzle is placed with the possibility of axial movement in the confuser of the housing, the barrier in the cylinder, and the outlet pipe ok in the diffuser. In another embodiment, the end walls of the rim are tapered. In another embodiment, the body is made of two halves, between which is located the corolla of the barrier.

Analysis of distinctive features by the criterion of "significant differences":
1. The implementation of the housing in the form of sequentially located confuser, cylinder and diffuser ensures the operational reliability of the dispersant and its stability in operation. Due to this form of execution, the gas-liquid mixture stream passes through two crushing units: reflected from the obstacle, the jets fan back and hit the confuser wall. In the cylindrical part of the casing, there is a decrease in the flow turbulence, which, accelerating in the diffuser, enters the outlet pipe with a speed that prevents the bubbles from sticking together and coarsening.

 This feature is not known from patent sources and technical literature, which allows us to consider it both new and significant.

 2. The cylindroconical shape of the barrier improves the flow diversion mode, ensures its acceleration, which increases operational reliability and stability in operation.

 A similar implementation of the barriers is not known, which allows us to consider this feature as not only significant, but also new.

 3. The supply of the barrier with a whisk is necessary for fixing it inside the case. The location of the corolla on the cylindrical part of the barrier and the execution of longitudinal grooves in it is essential, which leads to an improvement in the flow diversion mode, to reduce ripples and to prevent side flows. Since the corolla is located on the cylindrical part of the barrier, and the barrier is located in the cylindrical part of the body, the flows move in the grooves of the corolla at the same speed, which, on the one hand, improves the mode of entry of flows into the grooves, and, on the other, the mode of their exit into the diffuser where they gain acceleration. All this prevents the enlargement of gas bubbles after crushing in the working chamber of the dispersant and, thereby, increases its stability in operation.

 This feature is also not known, which allows us to consider it both significant and new.

 4. The location of the feed nozzle with the possibility of axial movement in the confuser of the housing provides the ability to control the operating parameters of the dispersant by changing the distance from the nozzle exit to a fixed barrier. This allows you to select the optimal operating mode during operation, which increases operational reliability and stability.

 Various nozzles with threads providing their axial movement are widely used in technology. Therefore, this feature is not new, however, in combination with others, it allows you to achieve your goal, which makes it significant.

 5. The location of the barrier in the cylindrical part of the housing provides optimal conditions for the flow of streams containing crushing gas bubbles from the working chamber of the dispersant into the outlet pipe, which increases stability in operation.

 In aero- and hydrodynamics, various obstacles are widely used, including those located in cylinders (pipes). By reducing the live section, they provide the necessary flow rates. Therefore, this feature is not new, but in combination with other features, it ensures the achievement of the goal, which allows us to consider it significant.

 6. The execution of the end walls of the corolla beveled ensures the twisting of the flows passing along the obstacle and entering the outlet pipe, which further reduces the likelihood of enlargement of the bubbles, increases stability in operation.

 Slopes of streamlined surfaces are widely used in technology. Therefore, this feature is not new, but its use in the design enhances the efficiency of other features to improve stability, which allows it to be considered significant.

 7. The execution of the housing from two halves, between which there is a corolla of the barrier, can significantly simplify the manufacture and assembly of the dispersant: the barrier is inserted into the confuser, after which the diffuser is pressed under pressure, which provides a rigid fixation of the barrier, making any additional fastening to the case unnecessary . The pressed halves of the body are boiled around the perimeter, due to which (as well as the mass) the obstruction is prevented from moving during operation, which also increases reliability and stability.

 Devices consisting of two interconnected halves are widely used in technology, so this feature is not new. However, in conjunction with others, it ensures the achievement of the goal, which makes it significant.

 Thus, these features together provide the ability to control the process of crushing gas bubbles in a liquid, increase the operational reliability of the dispersant and its stability in operation, simplify the manufacture. Therefore, all of them are essential for achieving the goal.

 Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a dispersant; figure 2 section aa in figure 1; figure 3 barrier with beveled end walls of the rim.

 The dispersant comprises a housing 1 made in the form of sequentially located confuser 2, cylinder 3 and diffuser 4. In the confuser 2, a feed nozzle 5 is placed with the possibility of axial movement. Inside the cylinder 3, a cylinder-conical barrier 6 is installed perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle 5, containing 7 cylindrical and 8 conical parts and a corolla 9, in communication with the cylinder 3 of the housing 1. In the corolla 9 (figure 2), longitudinal grooves are made 10. The end walls of the corolla 9 can be made with bevels 11 (figure 3). The outlet pipe 12 is coaxially attached to the diffuser 4. For ease of manufacture, the housing 1 can be made of two halves: half 13, including the confuser 2 and cylinder 3, and half 14, including the diffuser 4 and the outlet pipe 12. Between the halves 13 and 14 connected between each other, for example by welding, is located the rim 9 of the barrier 6. This arrangement of the elements simplifies assembly, since the barrier 6, clamped by two halves of the housing, does not require additional fastenings inside the housing.

 The dispersant works as follows.

 The source water with air enters under pressure into the supply nozzle 5, where due to a decrease in the size of the living section, the flow velocity increases. Due to this, the flow leaves the feed nozzle 5 at a speed of 3 30 m / s (the required speed is determined by the specific operating conditions of the dispersant and is set using replaceable nozzles 5 or by changing the flow rate of water) and hits a stationary rigid barrier 6. Since water at certain speeds ( impact) behaves like a solid body, when it hits a motionless massive obstacle 6, the air is sandwiched between two (water and obstacle) rigid bodies, which leads to its effective mechanical fragmentation. In this case, a significant part of the air (gas) is dissolved in water (liquid), which is caused by the rupture of the diffusion films of the bubbles upon impact, forming a saturated or, depending on the parameters of the impact, supersaturated gas-liquid flow. The latter circumstance is of great importance when using a dispersant for the formation of water-air mixtures in pressure flotation systems, as well as for oxygenating water at deferrization stations, in aerotanks, etc.

After the impact of the jet, emitted from the nozzle 5, on the end surface of the cylindrical 7 part of the barrier 6, reflected jets are formed, containing already initially ground bubbles and fanning back and up. At the same time, they hit the inner surface of the confuser 2. Due to the fact that the first element of the casing 1 is a confuser, the jets reflected from the barrier 6 hit its inner surface at an angle close to 90 ^o , which contributes to the secondary effective fragmentation of the bubbles. The effectiveness of secondary crushing is due, firstly, to the fact that the reflected jets carry already fragmented, small bubbles, and, secondly, to the fact that the cross section of an elementary reflected stream is much smaller than the section of a jet emanating from nozzle 5. All this prevents the breakthrough of large bubbles, which increases the operational reliability and stability of the dispersant in operation.

 Thanks to the installation of the nozzle 5 in the confuser 2 with the possibility of axial movement, it is possible to change the distance from the nozzle exit to the barrier 6 by adjusting the angle of the reflected jets with the surface of the confuser 2, that is, to select the optimal operating mode for each particular case. At the same time, a nozzle change is also possible, its replacement with a nozzle of a different diameter, which further expands the possibilities of its regulation.

 The jets that hit the surface of the confuser 2 are reflected in the annular gap formed by the cylinder 3 of the housing 1 and the cylindrical 7 part of the barrier 6. Next, the air-water mixture containing, after two-stage crushing, bubbles of uniform size, enters into the longitudinal grooves 10 of the corolla 9 and falls into them the diffuser 4, where, flowing around the conical 8 part of the barrier 6, smoothly enters the outlet pipe 12 and leaves the dispersant. When performing the end walls of the corolla 9 with bevels 11 (Fig. 3), the flow exiting from the grooves 10 acquires a rotational-translational motion, swirls, which prevents adhesion of bubbles in the diffuser 4, the outlet pipe 12 and further in the pipeline, thereby increasing operational reliability and stability in work.

 The dispersant allows you to get water-air (gas-liquid) mixtures with the required size of the bubbles, reliable in operation, easy to manufacture, provides high stability.

Claims (3)

 1. Disperser, comprising a housing with a feed nozzle and a discharge pipe, inside which a barrier is installed perpendicular to the axis of the nozzle, characterized in that the housing is in the form of a sequentially confuser, cylinder and diffuser, the barrier has a cylindrical shape and is equipped with a whisk located on its cylindrical part and having longitudinal grooves, and the feed nozzle is placed with the possibility of axial movement in the confuser of the housing, the barrier in the cylinder, and the outlet pipe in the diffuser.  2. The dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that the end walls of the corolla are made beveled.  3. Dispersant PP. 1 and 2, characterized in that the housing is made of two halves, between which is located the corolla of the barrier.

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