RU2068804C1 - Reservoir for oil products - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: storage of fuels and oils in stores and bases. SUBSTANCE: device to prevent evaporation losses is installed inside reservoir for oil products in its middle portion by means of split joint. Evaporation losses preservation device made in the form of a paraboloid of rotation is manufactured of material with low coefficient of flexibility. Mounted on top of device is tube whose upper base is hermetically closed and connected with spring-loaded traction device, and inner space is connected with flexible tube to pick up surface pressure under device. Second end of the tube is secured on movable disc installed for rotation relative to hollow rod. Other end of hollow rod is installed in hole of fixed disc, this hole being connected through shutoff valve with hydrostatic liquid level measuring device arranged in reservoir. EFFECT: simplified design, enlarged operating capabilities owing to indication of maximum fuel level in reservoir. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the storage of petroleum products and can be used in various fields of the national economy, in particular in warehouses and bases for storing fuel and fuel.

 Tanks with a floating roof, containing a floating roof with support pillars, valve and drainage systems.

 The disadvantages of this device is the incomplete prevention of loss of oil products due to the presence of gaps between the roof and the walls of the tank, as well as the difficulty of eliminating atmospheric moisture and pollution from the floating roof of the tank.

 Known reservoirs with stationary caps containing a breathing valve, a delivery pipe and an annular floor located inside the reservoir (1-5).

 The disadvantages of these devices is the incomplete prevention of loss of oil products, as well as the freezing of the pontoon to the walls of the tank at low temperatures.

 The closest in technical essence to the proposed device is a device for preventing loss of oil products during their storage in tanks, selected as a prototype and containing a device for preventing loss from evaporation of the annular pontoon, the bottom with installed glasses, peaks and valves, a sealing shutter, supporting racks, valve and intake manifold (6).

 The disadvantages of the prototype are the incomplete prevention of losses of petroleum products due to the presence of a gap between the pontoon and the walls of the tank, high material consumption and low technological capabilities of the device.

 The invention solves the problem of simplifying the design, reducing losses of petroleum products and expanding the technological capabilities of the device due to signaling about the maximum level of filling of the petroleum product in the tank.

 This problem is solved using the proposed reservoir for petroleum products, including a receiving and dispensing nozzle and a device to prevent evaporation losses, which is made of an elastic material with a low coefficient of elasticity in the form of a paraboloid of rotation and consisting of at least three parts interconnected to move and corrugation formation. The extreme part of the device is fixed in the middle part of the tank by means of a detachable connection. In this case, the tank is equipped with a fixed disk fixed on the inner surface of the wall with an opening mounted on the roof by a spring-loaded traction device, and the device is placed at the top by a tube, the upper base of which is hermetically closed and connected to the spring-loaded traction device. The inner cavity of the tube is connected to an elastic tube to select surface pressure under the fixture, the end of which is mounted on a fixed disk, mounted for rotation about an axis made in the form of a hollow rod installed in the hole of the fixed disk, and the latter is connected through a shut-off valve to a hydrostatic measuring device fluid level in the tank.

 These signs are essential for solving the problem, since the device for preventing evaporation losses is made of an elastic material with a low coefficient of elasticity in the form of a paraboloid of revolution and consisting of at least three parts interconnected to move and form corrugations. This ensures a minimum volume of the vapor-air mixture with an empty tank, minimal material consumption of the device, the ability to change its area and move in the vertical plane with increasing pressure inside the tank.

The extreme part of the device is fixed in the middle part of the tank by means of a detachable connection. This achieves the minimum required area of the annular flooring, ease of installation and cleaning of the tank after operation;
At the top of the device to prevent losses from evaporation, a tube is placed, the upper base of which is hermetically closed and connected to a spring-loaded traction device mounted on the roof of the tank. This achieves directed movement of the device and an alarm about the maximum level of liquid filling by closing the contacts when exposed to the upper base of the tube;
The inner cavity of the tube is connected to an elastic tube for sampling surface pressure under the fixture, the end of which is mounted on a movable disk, mounted for rotation about an axis made in the form of a hollow rod installed in the hole of the fixed disk, mounted on the inner surface of the tank wall, the hole of the fixed the disk is connected via a shut-off valve to a device for hydrostatic measurement of the liquid level in the tank. This achieves the selection of surface pressure to measure the level of oil in the tank, as well as the elimination of kinks of the elastic tube when moving the device.

 The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where in FIG. 1 shows a general view of the device, FIG. 2 hydrostatic pressure selection devices.

 The tank for petroleum products 1 consists of a SMDK type breathing valve 2 installed on its roof, a spring-loaded traction device 3, for example, in the form of a winch with a metal cable and a guide sleeve 4 with contacts 5 fixed inside it, electrically connected to the liquid loading restriction unit 6, for example, as a standard manufactured by the industry electronic system type "ESON-2". A drain pipe 7 with a hydrostatic level measuring device 8 is rigidly mounted in the side surface of the tank 1 at a certain height from the base. In the middle cavity of the tank 1 in the middle part it is fixed with its extreme part to the walls of the tank through a detachable connection 9, for example, a bolt device to prevent losses from evaporation 10 made of an elastic material with a low coefficient of elasticity (for example, from rubberized fabric) in the form of a paraboloid of revolution and consisting of at least m Here's a three-piece section, interconnected to move and form corrugations, for example by means of seams 11 followed by their gluing with elastic material.

 On the top of the device 10, using a detachable connection (bolt, riveting), a tube 12 is installed, the upper base of which is hermetically closed and connected to the metal cable of the spring-loaded traction device 3, and its internal cavity is connected to the elastic tube 13 to select surface pressure under the device 10. Second the end of the elastic tube 13 is fixed by means of a clamp on a movable disk 14, mounted rotatably about its axis 15, made in the form of a hollow rod. The second end of the axis 15 is installed in the hole of the fixed disk 16, mounted on the inner surface of the tank wall by means of a detachable connection, and the hole is connected using the tube 17 through the shut-off valve 18 with a hydrostatic level measuring device 8.

 The tank for petroleum products works as follows.

This device can be considered a sealed system (closed vessel). For a closed vessel, the basic hydrostatic equation is written as
_{P A = P o -γh = P} o + P _a = P _a + P, (1)
where P _{A is the} absolute pressure in the tank;
P ₀ surface pressure in the tank;
P _a atmospheric pressure;
P overpressure.

In the absence of fluid in the tank 1 there is a pressure P ₀ - a device to prevent losses of 10 and P $\genfrac{}{}{0ex}{}{\text{1}}{\text{o}}$ below it, respectively, the volume of the device 10 V ₁ and below it V ₂ , and
V ₂ V ₀ (V _n V ₁ ) (2)
where V _{0 the} volume of the tank;
V _{n the} volume of the annular flooring in the form of a paraboloid.

(3)
где Z потенциальная энергия положения;

потенциальная энергия давления;

удельная кинетическая энергия;
hf потери напора.Breathing valve 2 and shut-off valve 18 are closed. When filling tank 1 with oil, its movement through the pipeline is described by Bernoulli equations

(3)
where Z is the potential energy of the position;

potential pressure energy;

specific kinetic energy;
hf pressure loss.

When filling the tank 1, the liquid displaces from the device to prevent losses from evaporation 10 the volume of air V ₃ equal to the volume received per unit time through a living section of the liquid pipeline. As a result, the elastic material of the device 10 rises to a height h ₁ . As a result of the change in volume V ₁ , the pressure P ₀ increases above the device 10 and the internal valve 2 opens, restoring equilibrium
P _o + mg = P _o + ρ • g • h, (4)
where m is the mass of the annular flooring;
ρ density of the oil product;
h the filling height of the oil tank.

Thus, with an increase in the level of oil product under the device 10, the breathing valve 2 periodically opens, keeping the system in balance, and the connection of the top of the elastic material of the device 10 with the spring-loaded traction device 3 allows you to constantly keep the metal cable stretched, thereby creating a directed movement of its top. Upon reaching the maximum permissible level of liquid loading, the tube 12, mounted on top of the elastic material of the device 10, enters the guide sleeve 4 and acts on its base 5 on the contacts 5, which, when closed, supply an electrical signal to the liquid filling restriction block 6, shutting off the supply of oil to the tank the pump. When storing an oil product as a result of a change in ambient temperature by Dt ₁ (heating by the rays of the sun, moving layers of air, etc.), the walls of the tank receive (give) a certain amount of heat
Q ₁ = C ₁ • m ₁ • Δt ₁ , (5)
where Q _{1 the} amount of heat received;
C _{1 is the} specific heat of the material from which the walls of the tank are made;
m ₁ mass of material from which the tank is made;
Δt ₁ change in temperature of the walls of the tank
The walls of the tank give (take) part of the heat of the liquid
Q ₂ = C ₂ • m ₂ • Δt ₂ , (6) As a result, the pressure of saturated vapor of the oil under the device 10 increases (decreases) and the system leaves the state of thermodynamic equilibrium (4) and does the work of changing the pressure and volume forces
A ₁ = P • ΔV, (7)
or
A ₁ = P • α • V (Δt ₂ ), (8)
where α is the coefficient of volume expansion of the liquid during heating.

 This causes air to be let in or out of the reservoir through the breathing valve 2 until equilibrium is established (4). The proposed device, in comparison with analogs, provides the maximum reduction in loss of oil products during “large” and “small” tank breathing, has a simpler design than existing analogues, moreover, this device does not require large expenses for the reconstruction of modern tanks with a fixed roof. YYY1

Claims (1)

 A reservoir for petroleum products, including a suction port and a device for preventing evaporation losses, characterized in that the device for preventing evaporation losses is made of an elastic material with a low coefficient of elasticity in the form of a paraboloid of rotation and consisting of at least three parts interconnected with the possibility of movement and the formation of corrugations, the extreme part of the device is fixed in the middle part of the tank by means of a detachable connection, while the reservoir is equipped with a fixed disk fixed on the inner surface of the wall with an opening mounted on the roof by a spring-loaded traction device, and a device placed at the top by a tube, the upper base of which is hermetically closed and connected to the spring-loaded traction device, the inner cavity of the tube is connected to an elastic tube to select surface pressure under device, the end of which is mounted on a movable disk, mounted for rotation about an axis made in the form of a hollow piece eye installed in the hole of the fixed disk, and the latter is connected through a shut-off valve with a device for hydrostatic measurement of the liquid level in the tank.

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