RU206862U1 - Pixel trainer for group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills - Google Patents

Abstract

The useful model relates to clinical psychology, neuropsychology and pedagogy and can find application in conducting group correctional and developmental classes with children with impairments in the formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, as well as for training visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children. The utility model contains a flat plastic base (1), which has the outlines of a pixel image, and contains on both sides a pixel image formed by identical elements (2) made in the form of depressions of the same depth with the possibility of highlighting with water markers of different colors; the number and location of elements (2) is the same on both sides of the base (1), and an eyelet (3) with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base (1). conducting long-term courses of group correctional and developmental classes with children with impairments in the formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, as well as training visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children, using additional support for tactile perception in the course of classes. simulator "introduces an element of novelty into the training process, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for children. Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the" Pixel simulator "can be widely used in clinical and pedagogical practice.

Description

This useful model relates to clinical psychology, neuropsychology and pedagogy and can be used when conducting group correctional and developmental classes with children with impaired formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in various types of dysontogenesis, as well as for training visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills. motor skills in healthy children.

In case of violation of the formation of visual-spatial memory in children, correctional and developmental classes are carried out, during which various printed simulators and devices are used.

So, the "Practical trainer for the development of speech, attention, memory, thinking, perception" is known on one of the pages of which in the upper part there are colored images of various objects, and in the lower part - similar images, but not containing color. A child who is studying should try to remember the colors of the images, then cover them with a sheet of paper, and color from memory the images at the bottom of the page of the simulator (Teremkova N.E. Practical trainer for the development of speech, attention, memory, thinking, perception, Issue 2, LLC "Strekoza", Moscow, 2016, p. 3).

The disadvantages of this printed simulator when used for group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children are:

a) this printed simulator is not intended for correctional and developmental classes and fine motor skills training;

b) this printed simulator is not intended for group training;

c) a small amount of working material, which is insufficient for conducting long-term training courses;

d) the possibility of only one-time use of the printed materials of the simulator.

Violations of the formation of visual-spatial memory and other mental functions observed in children can also be accompanied by disorders of the motor sphere, among which one of the most common is a violation of fine motor skills.

Fine motor skills is a set of coordinated actions aimed at performing precise small movements with the hands and fingers (Wikipedia. Fine motor skills, found on July 10, 2021, on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkaya_motorika).

Various simulators and devices are used to conduct correctional and developmental classes and train visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children.

So, from the existing prior art it is known "A round chip with concentric grooves for group correctional and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills" (Patent RU 197669 U1 dated 05/21/2020).

Structurally, this device is a flat plastic base of a round shape, on the front and back sides of which there are concentric recesses in the form of circles of different diameters.

In the course of working with this device, one of the trainees selects part of the concentric grooves on the front side of the base with water markers of different colors, after which the other student remembers the color and location of the selected grooves, turns the device over, and from memory selects the corresponding grooves on the back side of the base with markers of similar colors.

Also known from the prior art is "A device (a quadrangular chip with grooves in the form of quadrangles) for group correctional and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills" (Patent RU 198881 U1 dated 07/30/2020).

Structurally, this device is a flat plastic base of a quadrangular shape, on the front and back sides of which grooves are made, forming quadrangles, which are located one inside the other.

In the course of working with this device, one of the trainees selects part of the quadrangles on the front side of the base with water markers of different colors, after which the other trainee remembers the color and location of the selected quadrangles, turns the device over, and from memory selects the corresponding quadrangles on the reverse side of the base with markers of similar colors.

Thus, these devices provide the ability to simultaneously work with mental functions, in particular, visual-spatial memory, and motor functions, in particular fine motor skills.

However, prolonged work with these devices leads to the emergence of addiction in children and a decrease in interest in classes, which contributes to a decrease in the effectiveness of correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills.

Therefore, it is important to increase the effectiveness of correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills using a variety of methods that help maintain children's interest in the activities.

One of the modern methods widely used to work with fine motor skills, as well as with various mental functions (attention, visual-spatial perception, etc.) is a method based on the use of printed manuals containing various pixel images.

The term "pixel" originally denoted the smallest logical two-dimensional element of a digital image in raster graphics, or an element of a matrix of displays that form an image, which can be. rectangular, round or octagonal (Wikipedia. Pixel, found 07/10/2021 on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pixel).

Currently, the concept of "pixel" has a broader meaning and is also used in relation to the element of printed and digital images of the "Pixel Art" style, which literally means the art of drawing with pixels and represents a whole direction of digital and graphic art (Internet site "World of Graphics" What is Pixel Art, found on 10.07.2021 on the Internet at https://vgrafike.ru/chto-takoe-pixel-art/).

Pixel images are a collection of pixels that are square or rectangular "dots". When an image is drawn from such "points", then it appears angular, smoothness in the lines disappears, which is the hallmark of "Pixel Art" (Internet site "Fishki.net". Simple rules for creating pixel drawings, found on 10.07.2021. on the Internet at https://fishki.net/2396007-prostye-pravila-sozdanija-pikselynyh-risunkov.html).

Pixel images differ in the degree of complexity: from simple ones, consisting of a small number of large pixels, to complex ones, including a significant number of pixels (Depositphotos website. Pixel images and drawings, found on July 10, 2021 on the Internet at https : //ru.depositphotos.com/vector-images/pixel-art.html).

To work with fine motor skills, various printed simulators are used, containing pixel images, the pixel size of which allows them to be colored with colored pencils or felt-tip pens.

So, for example, the printed simulator “Favorite animals. Pixel coloring ", the sheets of which contain tasks in the form of tables, some of the cells of which are highlighted in a certain way: with the outline color, numbers or colored asterisks (Favorite animals. Pixel coloring. Publishing house" Prof-Press ", 2018).

The student needs to color these cells in accordance with the outline color, numbers or colored asterisks, as a result of which the pixel images become visible.

The disadvantages of this and similar printed simulators when used for group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children are:

a) these printed simulators are not intended for correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory;

b) these printed simulators are not intended for group training;

c) a small amount of working material, which is insufficient for conducting long-term training courses;

d) the possibility of only one-time use of materials from printed simulators.

Also, from the existing state of the art it is known "A device (pixel chip) for group correctional and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills" (Patent RU 203291 U1 dated 03/30/2021).

Structurally, this device is a flat plastic base, on both sides of which the same pixel images are made, which are formed by elements made in the form of recesses.

In the course of working with this device, one of the students selects part of the pixel image elements on the front side of the base with water markers of different colors, after which the other student remembers the color and location of the selected elements, turns the device over, and from memory selects the corresponding pixel image elements on the back with markers of similar colors side of the base.

The disadvantage of this device when it is used for group correctional and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children is the lack of the possibility of using additional support for tactile perception in the process of training, which consists in feeling the contour of the pixel image with the fingers of the hand.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above devices and printed simulators, as well as expand the arsenal of devices that provide the possibility of conducting long-term courses of group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills of children, a "Pixel trainer for group correction and developmental classes and training of visual -spatial memory and fine motor skills "(hereinafter referred to as" Pixel simulator ").

The tasks to be solved by the claimed technical solution are:

a) maintaining the interest of children in the activities being conducted through the use of a new device;

b) ensuring the possibility of conducting classes aimed at simultaneous work with mental (visual-spatial memory) and motor (fine motor skills) functions;

c) ensuring the possibility of conducting group correctional and developmental classes with children with disorders of the formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, as well as training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children;

d) ensuring the possibility of using additional support for tactile perception during the training, which consists in feeling the contour of the "Pixel trainer" with the fingers of the hand;

e) the inclusion of movements aimed at the development and training of fine motor skills in an interesting and attractive activity for children;

f) ensuring the possibility of using the "Pixel trainer" an unlimited number of times due to the fact that it is made of plastic, and graphic actions are performed on its surfaces by means of easily erased water markers of different colors;

g) ensuring the possibility of conducting long-term courses of study due to the fact that the formation of tasks is carried out directly by the children themselves in the course of classes;

h) the simplicity of the "Pixel trainer" design, contributing to its widespread implementation in clinical and pedagogical practice.

The technical result of the claimed useful model is the expansion of the arsenal of devices intended for group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, which helps to maintain children's interest in the training process and is provided due to the structural elements of the declared "Pixel simulator", which allow for long-term courses correctional and developmental classes with children with disorders of the formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, as well as training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children, using additional support on tactile perception in the process of training.

This technical result is provided due to the fact that the "Pixel trainer" contains a flat plastic base, which has the contours of a pixel image, and contains on both sides a pixel image formed by identical elements made in the form of depressions of the same depth with the possibility of highlighting with water markers of different colors; the number and location of the elements is the same on both sides of the base, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Pixel Trainer", the base has the outlines of a pixel image of an object and contains a pixel image of the given object on both sides.

In the preferred version of the "Pixel Trainer", the base has the outlines of the pixel image of the sign and contains on both sides the pixel image of the given sign.

In a preferred embodiment of the "Pixel Trainer", the base has the outlines of a pixel image of a geometric figure and contains, on both sides, a pixel image of this geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the Pixel Trainer, the elements are square in shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the Pixel Trainer, the elements are rectangular in shape.

In the preferred embodiment of the Pixel Trainer, the elements are octagonal in shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the Pixel Trainer, the elements are circular in shape.

In a preferred embodiment of the Pixel Trainer, the surfaces of the elements are coated with white.

The essence of the utility model "Pixel trainer for group correctional and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills" is illustrated by the drawing, which shows:

FIG. 1 is a general view of the front side of the Pixel Trainer.

FIG. 2 is a general view of the reverse side of the Pixel Trainer.

The claimed "Pixel trainer" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a flat plastic base (1), which has the contours of a pixel image (object, sign or geometric figure), and contains on both sides (front and back) a pixel image ( object, sign or geometric figure), formed by the same elements (2), made in the form of recesses, designed to highlight easily erased water markers of different colors in the course of the lessons.

Thus, the elements (2), made in the form of recesses, are “pixels” (see above), forming pixel images (see above) on the front and back sides of the base (1).

In this case, the pixel images contained on the front and back sides of the base (1) are the same.

The term "object" is understood as "Any concrete material phenomenon perceived by the senses and thinking as something that exists separately. See the subject. Inanimate, inanimate object. Find an object, etc. " (Website "Academic". Encyclopedic Dictionary. Subject, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/45885/subject).

The term "sign" means:

“An image with a known conventional meaning. Mathematical sign. Astronomical signs. Music sign. Hieroglyphic signs "(Website" Kartaslov.ru ". The meaning of the word" sign ", found on the Internet at https://kartaslov.ru/value-words/sign);

“An essential element of written speech. In the broadest sense of the word, any letter can be called a sign. " (Website "Meanings of words in dictionaries". Dictionary of linguistic terms. The meaning of the word "sign", found on the Internet at https://znachenie-slova.ru/sign).

Thus, the base (1) of the "Pixel Trainer" can have

a) the contours of a pixel image of an object (for example, an architectural structure (see Fig. 1, 2), a person, an animal, a plant, a vehicle, etc.) and contain a pixel image of this object on both sides;

b) the contours of the pixel image of the sign (for example, letters, numbers, hieroglyphs, etc.) and contain a pixel image of the given sign on both sides;

c) the contours of a pixel image of a geometric figure (for example, a circle, polygon, ring, etc.) and contain a pixel image of this geometric figure on both sides.

If the pixel image (of an object, sign or geometric figure) is not solid (for example, a pixel image of a circle with a handle, a ring, or the letter "O"), the base (1) of the "Pixel Trainer" can have one or more through cutouts.

The dimensions indicated below for this particular "Pixel Trainer" are not signs that narrow the scope of legal protection, since they may change in the process of its creation.

The thickness of the base (1) of the "Pixel trainer" is 4-8 mm, and the diameter of the circle circumscribed around the base (1) can be from 50 mm to 150 mm or more.

The elements (2) made in the form of recesses can have a square, rectangular, octagonal or round shape.

Elements (2) forming a pixel image are arranged in horizontal rows as follows:

a) elements (2) of one (top) row are located exactly above elements (2) of another (bottom) row;

b) elements (2) of one (upper) row are displaced with respect to elements (2) of another (lower) row, for example, elements (2) of one (upper) row are located between elements (2) of another (lower) row.

The total number of elements (2) that form a pixel image can be from 5 to 100 or more elements (2).

The minimum distance between adjacent elements (2) is 1 mm.

The size of the element (2) depends on the size of the base (1), the number of elements (2) that form the pixel image, and the distance between adjacent elements (2); in this case, the minimum size of the element (2) should provide the ability to highlight it with water markers.

The depth of the recesses, in the form of which the elements (2) are made, is the same and is 1–2 mm.

Thus, the design features of the elements (2), made in the form of recesses, ensure the implementation of the following functions:

a) the convenience of their selection with water markers of different colors, providing the ability to work with fine motor skills of children;

b) protection against erasure of the selected elements (2) when turning over the "Pixel trainer" in the course of the lesson.

At the same time, the shallow depth of the recesses does not prevent the removal of traces of colored water markers by means of a sponge designed to erase them.

The number and location of the elements forming the pixel image (2) is the same on both sides of the base (1).

To ensure the convenience of lifting the "Pixel trainer" from a horizontal surface when turning it over, an eyelet (3) with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base (1), in its upper part, into which a metal ring can be installed or a lace inserted.

An eyelet is a device on the side of various objects for more convenient lifting, holding, hanging, etc. (Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. The meaning of the word ear, found on 10.07.2021 on the Internet at https://www.efremova.info/word/ushko.html#.XkdSQxtn3IU).

The thickness of the eyelet (3) is 2-4 mm less than the thickness of the base (1) of the "Pixel trainer", its width is 8-12 mm, and the diameter of the through hole is 4-8 mm.

To provide additional convenience for lifting the "Pixel trainer" from a horizontal surface during exercise, on the end surfaces of the base (1), notches (not shown in the figures) with a depth of 0.25-1 mm can be made to prevent the "Pixel trainer" from slipping out of the child's hands ...

For the convenience of exercising with the "Pixel trainer", a mark (4), made, for example, in the form of a circle, can be applied (for example, by means of paint) to the front surface of the base (1).

For a better perception by children of the colors of water markers, which highlight the elements (2), a white coating can be applied on their surface (for example, by means of paint).

Working with the utility model "Pixel trainer for group correctional and developmental classes and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills" is carried out as follows.

Before starting the lesson, the specialist forms a group of two children who have approximately the same problems with visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills.

In this case, the specialist assigns one child to form the task, and the other child to perform the task.

Before the beginning of the lesson, each child feels the contours of the “Pixel trainer” with his fingers, which provides better perception and recognition of the pixel image by connecting additional afferentation in the form of tactile sensations from the fingers.

Thus, feeling the contours of the "Pixel Trainer" contributes to a better perception of the pixel image by children, facilitating further actions associated with memorizing the elements (2) of the pixel image highlighted with colored markers.

For a deeper understanding of the features of the pixel image, each of the children involved may be asked to pre-color the pixel image on one side of the base (1), followed by a discussion of the colors used to highlight certain elements (2) of the pixel image.

Further, all traces of water markers are removed with a sponge designed to erase them.

When working on visual-spatial memory, a child forming a task, holding the "Pixel trainer" located on the desktop by the edges of the base (1), highlights with water markers of different colors (development and training of fine motor skills) part of the elements (2) of the pixel image on the face side of the base (1).

In this case, the number of allocated elements (2) of the pixel image and the number of used markers of different colors is determined by a specialist and increases as the children achieve positive results.

After that, the child performing the task, during the time interval specified by the specialist (from 20 seconds or more), memorizes (development and training of visual-spatial memory) the colors and the location of the selected elements (2) of the pixel image on the front side of the base (1).

Next, the child performing the task turns the "Pixel trainer" with the face of the base (1) down, and then tries to reproduce from memory (development and training of visual-spatial memory) the colors of the selected elements (2) of the pixel image, highlighting with markers of similar colors (development and fine motor skills training) corresponding elements (2) of the pixel image on the back of the base (1).

In case of difficulty, the child performing the task can turn over the "Pixel Trainer" for a short time, thus receiving a hint.

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by comparing the colors and location of the selected elements (2) of the pixel image on the front and back sides of the base (1) of the "Pixel Trainer".

Further, all traces of water markers are removed with a sponge designed to erase them, the child forming the task and the child performing the task change roles, and the entire sequence of actions is repeated a number of times specified by the specialist.

Along with the above method, group lessons can be carried out by another method based on the simultaneous use of two "Pixel simulators".

In this case, each child marks with markers of different colors (development and training of fine motor skills) part of the elements (2) of the pixel image on the front side of the base (1) of the "Pixel trainer" used, after which both children show each other "Pixel trainers", and during a time interval specified by a specialist (from 20 or more seconds), the colors and the location of the selected elements (2) of pixel images on the front sides of the bases (1) are memorized (development and training of visual-spatial memory).

Further, each child turns the used "Pixel trainer" with the face of the base (1) down, and then tries to reproduce from memory (development and training of visual-spatial memory) the colors of the selected elements (2) of the pixel image, highlighting with markers of similar colors (development and training with small motor skills) the corresponding elements (2) of the pixel image on the back of the base (1) of the used "Pixel trainer".

Checking the correctness of the task is carried out by alternately comparing the color and location of the selected elements (2) of the pixel image on the front side of the base (1) of the "Pixel trainer" of one child and the back of the base (1) of the "Pixel trainer" of another child.

In addition to correctional and developmental lessons, the Pixel Trainer is also intended for use in group exercises aimed at training visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children.

Along with this, the declared "Pixel simulator" can be effectively used for group exercises to restore visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in patients of a neurological clinic with organic brain lesions of various etiologies.

In addition, the "Pixel Trainer" can be used as a souvenir, for example, a keychain for keys or bags, which provides an opportunity to train visual-spatial memory in various conditions.

Thus, the "Pixel Trainer", due to its structural elements, provides the opportunity to conduct long-term courses of group correctional and developmental classes with children with impairments to the formation of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, as well as training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills in healthy children, with the use of additional support for tactile perception in the process of training.

The declared "Pixel simulator" introduces an element of novelty into the training process, turning them into an interesting and attractive neuropsychological training for children.

Due to its simplicity of design and ease of use, the Pixel Trainer can be widely used in clinical and pedagogical practice.

Claims (9)

1. Pixel trainer for group corrective and developmental exercises and training of visual-spatial memory and fine motor skills, characterized by the fact that it contains a flat plastic base, which has the contours of a pixel image, and contains on both sides a pixel image formed by identical elements made in the form depressions of the same depth with the possibility of highlighting with water markers of different colors; the number and location of the elements is the same on both sides of the base, and an eyelet with a through hole is made on the end surface of the base. 2. Pixel trainer according to claim. 1, characterized in that the base has the contours of the pixel image of the object and contains on both sides the pixel image of the given object. 3. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the base has the contours of the pixel image of the sign and contains on both sides the pixel image of the given sign. 4. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the base has the contours of a pixel image of a geometric figure and contains on both sides a pixel image of this geometric figure. 5. Pixel trainer according to claim. 1, characterized in that the elements have a square shape. 6. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements have a rectangular shape. 7. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements have an octagonal shape. 8. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that the elements are circular in shape. 9. Pixel trainer according to claim 1, characterized in that a white coating is applied to the surface of the elements.

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