RU2068292C1 - Apparatus for conducting chemical processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical engineering. SUBSTANCE: apparatus constitutes a body with heat- exchange jacket, bottom aperture with sealing closure, and cylindrical tank to which inlet branch pipe for fed suspension is connected. Tank accommodates hollow porous-material filtering members combined with each other by means of discharge collector. Filter holders are provided with means to remove deposits made in the form of perforated plate with floating knives arranged so as to be free to reciprocate in vertical direction. EFFECT: improved construction of apparatus. 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to equipment for carrying out chemical processes and can be used in the chemical, chemical-pharmaceutical and food industries, in the production of chemicals and other small-tonnage preparations.

 Known apparatus of the company "Schenk", Germany [1] This apparatus consists of a housing with a steam jacket, equipped with nozzles for supplying liquid and gaseous source components, nozzles for supplying heating steam and condensate drain, a liquid product outlet pipe and a manhole for loading solid source components. The housing is mounted on the frame with the possibility of rotation relative to the horizontal axis, for this the device is equipped with a rotary device of the hydromechanical type with integrated, independently acting safety brakes with a double safety device.

 The case of the apparatus in the lower part has a false bottom with a filter partition fixed in it. The apparatus is equipped with a mixer of a special design, which can rise and fall with a change in direction of movement. To replace the filter baffle, as well as worn parts, the bottom of the apparatus, after releasing the flange connection, is moved and lowered using a hydraulic system.

 The device is designed to carry out various technological processes: mixing, dissolution, purification, filtration, extraction, drying.

The device operates as follows. Solid components are loaded through the hatch, liquid starting components are poured through the facilitating nozzles, then the agitator drive is turned on, heating steam is supplied to the jacket and the solid components are dissolved at a given temperature. After the dissolution is completed, activated carbon is charged through the hatch, and the required time is mixed. At the end of the coal treatment time, an excess pressure is created in the apparatus, the suspension is filtered through a filtering partition. The filtrate is discharged from the apparatus, and the precipitate accumulates on the surface of the filtering partition. The precipitate is dried to the required humidity and unloaded, for which the apparatus is rotated 180 ^° , the drive of the mixer is turned on, which unloads the precipitate through the hatch.

The main disadvantages of this device is the design complexity, namely:
1. In order to ensure rotation about the horizontal axis, all pipelines for supplying liquid and gaseous feed components, steam, and filtrate and condensate discharge are flexible, which requires the use of special expensive materials.

 2. For braking the device in an intermediate or inverted position, the device is equipped with integrated, self-acting safety brakes with a double safety device. The design of the brakes is complex and requires a high production culture in their manufacture and maintenance.

 3. The total power consumption of the drive of the mixer, the rotary mechanism and the hydraulic system when moving the bottom of the apparatus is 2500 l 18.5 kW with a working volume of the apparatus. which leads to high operating costs.

 4. When scaling these devices, an increase in the filtering surface is possible only by increasing the diameter of the flat filtering partition, which further complicates the design and manufacturing technology of the apparatus. In addition, the filtering surface limited by the diameter of the apparatus leads to a limitation of productivity during the operations of filtering, washing and drying the precipitate, and a decrease in its overall performance.

 Partially indicated drawbacks are eliminated in the apparatus for obtaining and isolating products of biochemical production [2]. The apparatus is a cylindrical body with a jacket for heating or cooling, with nozzles for input and output mounted on the hollow shaft of the mixer blade equipped with a filter element. The apparatus is also equipped with a glass installed in the lower pipe, in which a gas distribution grill is made, made in the form of a hollow piston with holes on a cylindrical surface covered with filter material and having the possibility of reciprocating motion.

 In this apparatus, along with carrying out chemical processes, filtering, washing and drying of sediment on the surface of the piston, which extends from the lower pipe into the apparatus, is possible. When drying, the drying agent is fed into the cylinder, and is discharged through the hollow blades of the mixer fitted with filter material. After drying, the solid product is dissolved and removed from the apparatus in the form of a solution. In technical essence, this device is the closest to the proposed and adopted as a prototype.

The main disadvantages of this unit are:
the impossibility of unloading the product in the form of a paste or dry cake and the associated limited use;
the filtering surface in this apparatus can only be increased by increasing the size of the apparatus, which complicates the design and limits the performance of filtering and drying the precipitate;
the complexity of the design of the mixer and the node supplying the material line to the rotating shaft of the mixer.

 The purpose of the invention is to simplify the design, reduce the overall dimensions of the installation, increase reliability, filtering speed and productivity of the apparatus and the output of sludge removed from the surface of the filter cartridges, improve operating conditions.

 The goal is achieved by the fact that a filtering and unloading device (FRU) is installed on a serial reactor for conducting chemical processes to the lower flange through a shut-off valve of the lower descent. The shut-off valve of the lower descent of the reactor serves as a hermetic shutter separating the volume of the reactor from the switchgear. The filtering and unloading device consists of a housing with a steam jacket, inside of which on the common collector there are filtering cartridges made of porous material, the device for removing sediment is a plate with holes and floating knives installed in them. The device is mounted on at least three rods with the possibility of their synchronous vertical movement up and down from one drive. When the device for removing sediment downward, the cut off sediment is poured directly into the movable container with the previously open bottom cover of the switchgear. This reduces the loss of sediment and excludes contact working with him. The suspension for filtering is introduced through the side fitting of the FRU with the tangential movement of the liquid, which contributes to the washing off of the sediment from the filter cartridges, reduces the hydraulic resistance of the latter, thereby increasing the average filtration rate and the filtrate performance within the filter cycle.

 Thus, the apparatus for conducting chemical processes with a filtration and discharge device meets the criteria of the invention of "novelty."

 Comparison of the detected solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field made it possible to identify features distinguishing the proposed solution from the prototype, which allows us to conclude that it meets the criterion of "significant differences".

 In FIG. 1 shows a General view of the apparatus for carrying out chemical processes with a filtration and discharge device; in FIG. 2 section A A at the level of the suspension feed pipe.

 A serial reactor for carrying out chemical processes 9 with a lower descent with a crane 14, on the lower flange of which a filtering and unloading device is installed, having a housing 7 with a steam jacket 5. The housing 7 is equipped with a pipe 10 for supplying a suspension, providing tangential fluid movement. The cartridge package 8 of a porous filter material is fixed in a common manifold 3, which has a pipe 2 for outputting the filtrate. The device 6 for removing sediment, which is a plate with holes in which floating knives are installed, is mounted on three rods 11, which have the possibility of synchronous vertical movement from one drive 1. The housing 7 has a bottom cover 13 with a hinge 12, which ensures tightness of the switchgear and the ability easy opening. The crane 14 of the lower descent of the reactor 9 is a reliable sealed shut-off valve from the entire volume of the reactor 9.

 Apparatus for conducting chemical processes with FRU works as follows.

 The reaction mass, the suspension from the reactor 9 when opening the valve 14 of the lower descent enters the FRU 7 body under the action of its own weight and excess pressure created in the reactor 9 by the compressed gas. The liquid phase is filtered through a package of cartridges 8 and is discharged through the pipe 2 from the collector 3 collector of the filtrate. It is possible to filter due to the vacuum created in the filtrate collector. Due to the tangential introduction of the suspension, the liquid constantly flushes the precipitate from the filtering cartridges, which ensures a decrease in hydraulic resistance, a constant filtration rate and increases the productivity of the apparatus. At the end of the filtering process, a precipitate settles on the surface of the filter cartridges. Sludge washing is carried out by supplying washing liquid to the reactor 9 or directly to the nozzle 10. After filtering is complete, the sludge on the cartridges 8 is dried to the required humidity by blowing with compressed gas or under vacuum, after which the pressure in the apparatus is equalized with atmospheric pressure. The lower cover 13 is released and the sediment from the filtering cartridges 8 is cut off with the floating knives of the device 6, fed down by the rods 11 from the common drive 1 and discharged into a previously mounted movable container. After that, the device 6 rises to the upper position, the cover 13 is set to its original position and the cycle of the apparatus is repeated.

The main technical advantages of the proposed apparatus for carrying out chemical processes with a filtration and discharge device in comparison with the prototype is as follows:
no special reactor is required with an additional hatch and a massive boss, a special mixer;
apparatus with a filtration and discharge device in service and allows you to carry out all the same technological processes, as well as additionally unloading sediment in the form of a paste or a dry product;
no special tight shutter with large ground planes is required;
reduction in the overall dimensions of the apparatus;
the possibility of increasing the filtering surface without a significant increase in overall dimensions, as well as increasing the productivity of the apparatus according to the filtrate by washing away the sediment from the cartridge surface with the liquid phase and reducing the hydraulic resistance of the latter within the filter cycle.

 The proposed apparatus for carrying out chemical processes with a filter-unloading device allows to reduce the overall dimensions of the installation, increase its reliability, the filtrate performance by increasing the filtration rate, the yield of sludge removed from the filter cartridges, and improve the sanitary and hygienic working conditions.

Claims (1)

 Apparatus for carrying out chemical processes, comprising a housing with a heat exchange jacket, a lower hatch with a tight shutter, filter elements, a pipe for introducing the initial suspension and a pipe for outputting products, characterized in that, in order to increase productivity, it is equipped with a cylindrical container for accommodating filter elements to which the nozzle for introducing the initial suspension is tangentially attached, the filter elements are made in the form of hollow cartridges of porous material, combined by a discharge manifold, and nabzheny means for detachably precipitate formed in the form of plates with holes, the edges of which are fastened floating knives mounted for vertical reciprocating movement.

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