RU2067804C1 - Method of soil treatment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: soil is treated by mulching with peat crumble that is stirred preliminary with calcium compounds. Ammonium lignosulfonate is added to peat additionally at amount 0.02-0.5 weight% (as measured for absolutely dry matter) followed by stirring. Calcium compound is calcium carbonate that is added at amount calculated by the formula:

where

- dose of CaCO₃ per 1 t peat, kg; H_h - hydrolytic peat acidity, mg-equiv./100 g; W - relative peat moisture, %; m_d.l - ammonium lignosulfonate mass as measured for absolutely dry matter, kg/t. EFFECT: improved method of treatment. 3 cl, 1 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to the field of crop production and can be used in agriculture for growing vegetables and berries in open field, as well as in fruit growing.

 A known method of mulching the soil with peat crumb with a moisture content of 50-60% layer of thickness 2 10 cm seeders or mulchers. For mulching, peat of low or transition type with medium or high degree of decomposition is used. However, such peat has an acid reaction of the medium, the exchange acidity is in the range of pH 3.5 5.5 (Krupnov R.A. Bazin E.T. Popov M.V. Use of peat and peat deposits in the national economy. M. Nedra, 1992, p. 239).

 The disadvantage of this method is that when the mulch of peat is sown in the soil after harvesting the mulched crop, during row-spacing or processing of trunks of planting circles, acidification of the soil solution will be observed, which will adversely affect the subsequent cultivation of crops.

 A known method of processing seed sowing (USSR author's certificate N783333, class C09K 17/00; A01C 7/00, 1980), including mulching the soil with peat crumbs, pre-mixed with calcium carbide in a weight ratio of 1 to 5 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight peat and moistened to a moisture content of 70 - 80% of the total moisture capacity, which accelerates the growth of plant seeds.

 The disadvantages of this method include unsolved problems associated with wind erosion of peat used for mulch.

 The basis of the present invention is the creation of a method of mulching the soil with peat, which would simultaneously take into account the change in the acidity of the medium when sowing peat in the soil with a decrease in the susceptibility of peat to wind erosion.

,
где

доза внесения карбоната кальция на 1 т торфа, кг;
Hг гидролитическая кислотность торфа, мг-экв/100 г;
ω относительная влажность торфа,
m_сл масса лигносульфоната аммония в пересчете на абсолютно сухое вещество, кг/т.The problem is achieved in that in the method of cultivating the soil by mulching with peat crumb, pre-mixed with a calcium compound, ammonium lignosulfonate is additionally added to peat in an amount of 0.02-0.5% by weight. based on a completely dry substance, followed by stirring, and as a calcium compound, calcium carbonate is used, which is added in an amount equal to:

,
Where

dose of calcium carbonate per 1 ton of peat, kg;
Hg hydrolytic acidity of peat, mEq / 100 g;
ω relative humidity of peat,
m _{sl the} mass of ammonium lignosulfonate in terms of absolutely dry substance, kg / t

It is advisable that the moisture content of the peat chips used for mulching is 50 to 60%
It is advisable to mulch the soil with peat 2-10 cm thick.

 Soil treatment simultaneously with calcium carbonate and ammonium lignosulfonate will allow to achieve positive results associated with mulching, fertilizing, deoxidation, as well as protecting the mulch from wind erosion. This combination of positive results is achieved due to empirically selected amounts of reagents introduced into the soil. Changing their ratio will not allow to fulfill the task of the invention.

 The best option for implementing the method.

 Example.

 To prepare the mulch, calcium carbonate and ammonium lignosulfonate were added to horse peat with a moisture content of 54%.

 The dose of calcium carbonate was calculated by the formula.

 The soil was thoroughly mixed and mulched with a layer of peat of different thicknesses, from 2 to 10 cm.

 Subsequently, the soil and peat were mixed and samples were taken to determine the acidity of the mixture. The control was the results of experiments with pure peat.

 The data obtained during comparative tests of the proposed and known methods of mulching the soil are shown in the table.

 The study of the protective properties of ammonium lignosulfonate was carried out in an artificial climate chamber under the influence of an air flow at a speed of 10 m / s on samples of pure peat and peat with additives; at a humidity of 30%, the entrainment of particles from the surface of a pure peat sample was 10% from the surface of peat with the addition of ammonium lignosulfonate; entrainment of particles was not observed.

 Peat treated with ammonium lignosulfonate more effectively resists wind erosion. And the presence of calcium carbonate in peat, used for mulching, has a positive effect on soil fertility.

 The invention has now passed laboratory tests and can be used in growing crops. TTT1

Claims (2)

1. The method of processing the soil by mulching peat chips, pre-mixed with a calcium compound, characterized in that the peat is additionally added ammonium lignosulfonate in an amount of 0.02 to 0.5 wt.h. based on a completely dry substance, followed by stirring, and as a calcium compound, calcium carbonate is used in an amount determined by the ratio

Where

dose of calcium carbonate per 1 ton of peat, kg;
H _g hydrolytic acidity of peat, mEq / 100 g;
ω relative humidity of peat,
m _{sl the} mass of ammonium lignosulfonate in terms of absolutely dry substance, kg / t 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the humidity of the peat chips should be 50 60
3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that when mulching the soil, peat chips are laid in a layer with a thickness of 2 10 cm

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