RU2067027C1 - Method for utilization of municipal wastes and plant for its embodiment - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: utilization of municipal wastes for secondary use of each component of these wastes, and improvement of ecological characteristics of the territory allotted for the purpose. SUBSTANCE: method and plant for its embodiment include reception of wastes on the working ground into bin, from which all material is supplied by means of apron conveyer with vibrating spring-loaded drums to bin filled with working fluid and having magnetic separators and hinges and latches. From the bin, heavy metals are conveyed by conveyer to collector. Wastes with fluid are supplied to the next bin from which material is conveyed to collector, if required, it is dried with superheated gas. Further on, wastes are fed to bin from which heavy materials are transported by conveyer to collector. Liquid materials are discharged through branch pipe to bin using, if required, heater in hollow of bin. Liquid fuel is discharged through branch pipe for use, and by means of pump. Wastes are fed to bin from which upper sludge is supplied through pipe by pump to closed technological cycle, and lower sludge is discharged through folded bottom plate to sludge collector for fertilizing. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 2 cl, 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to technological processes for the disposal of industrial and household waste of cities and is intended for the classification, sorting and use of materials that make up this waste.

 Currently, there are known directions for the development of this important and urgent problem of cities, the most representative of which are the method and device, including feeding waste into the air stream, blowing off lighter materials and dumping heavier materials into the bunker for subsequent separation by other methods of one or another waste component material (1).

 Significant and obvious disadvantages of this method are low efficiency due to the division of the material into only two kinds: light and heavy in the air stream, which does not allow us to highlight the entire range of materials that make up the waste, and reduces the entire waste disposal process to an economically unprofitable and environmentally unresolved one.

 The closest in technological essence and technical means is the method of disposal of municipal waste, including the separation of waste by weight in the volume of the working chamber, where the waste is moistened with water, part of the lighter waste floats up, they are removed, and heavier waste is discharged into the bunker for subsequent additional operations separation in other processes (2).

 Significant disadvantages of the prototype are low productivity and low efficiency of separation of materials according to their genus and class (they separate waste into two types of materials: heavy and light), which does not allow for cost-effective separation of waste into main constituent materials and the targeted disposal of selected materials, creating a process cost-effective waste management. In addition, a comprehensive environmental program has not been resolved, since a significant part of the material is burned, another part is buried in the ground, creating smoke, alienating the territory.

 The proposed method and installation for the disposal of municipal waste solve this problem more efficiently, progressively and economically, increasing the environmental performance of this process.

 The indicated technical, economic and environmental advantages of the developed method for the disposal of municipal waste are achieved in a method that includes the separation of waste by weight in the volume of the working chamber, due to the impact on the waste supplied previously by mechanical vibrations, then the dynamically supplied waste is exposed to the aquatic environment, magnetic and gravitational fields and flotation, after that the upper part of the material, together with part of the water, is supplied for irrigation, act by gravity and flotation, using the separation forces: captivity water, the material, then the material that is not sunk in the second chamber, is fed from above its volume into the chamber by irrigation and flotation with the application of a temperature field to the entire volume, then a light liquid is sent for disposal, liquid from the bottom of the volume with sediment to sediment, clarified liquid is fed for irrigation of the material, and the sludge is disposed of, while the supply of material is accompanied by evacuation of the space above it, including above the first separation chamber.

 The effectiveness of the method is achieved when it is implemented in a facility containing a waste reception site in a receiving hopper, equipped with a feeder, a vacuum chamber, three waste separation chambers by type and class of materials, a liquid separation capacity and receiving bins for selected materials, a sump and a closed system technological supply of working fluid, a system of magnetic and flotation separation of the material.

 Such an implementation of the method and installation for its implementation allows to comprehensively solve the described one of the most important problems of the city - waste management, thereby improving the environmental performance of the area and increase the culture of waste management.

 The method and installation were investigated for compliance with the level of invention, including the criterion of novelty and inventive step.

 The drawing shows a principal production line for waste disposal.

 The method is carried out in an installation that includes a waste reception platform 1 with a receiving hopper 2 having an expendable window with a controlled shutter, for example, using a cylinder and a rod.

 The installation is equipped with a conveyor-feeder 3, for example, a plate-type one having end blocks 4 and 5 with vibrators and springs for creating mechanical vibrations to the feeder and preliminary separation of the waste according to gravitational characteristics. The installation is further provided with a chamber 6 in the form of a pool with its walls lined with soft magnetic metal 7 for separating iron, and additional magnetic plates 8 are installed outside, reinforcing the separation of iron, cast iron and ferromagnetic materials to the walls. The walls have hinges 9 for their opening and discharge of metals, from the bottom there is a hinged bottom 10 with locks for fixing it; under the bottom there is a conveyor 11 for the removal of materials into the storage hopper 12.

 Pool 6 drain tray connected with the chamber 13, which is equipped with a unit having its own conveyor 14 under the hinged bottom and a storage hopper 15. When dumping material from the conveyor 14, it is dried from the gas generator 16.

 The installation is also equipped with a third chamber 17, having a conveyor 18 under the hinged bottom and a receiving hopper 19. There is still an additional tank connected by a pipe 20 to the chamber 17 in its upper part for receiving light liquids and draining into the tank 21. So that the separation of liquids in the chamber 17 occurs intensively, it contains a heater 22, for example, in the form of a coil.

 From the tank 21, its upper light sludge (oil, fuel, etc.) is discharged through the pipe 23, and the sediment through the lower pipe and the pump 24 is fed to the sump 25, from which the upper clarified liquid through the pump 26 through the line 27 is fed through sprinklers to capacity of the pool 6 and chambers 17,13, closing the reverse technological cycle of the liquid.

 Sediment 28 from the sump 25 through its hinged bottom 29 is discharged into the sludge collector 30, thereby realizing the entire cycle of work.

 To dedust the working platform 1, the space above the feeder 3 and the pool 6, the installation is equipped with a dust cover 31 connected by its space through the upper exhaust window to the vacuum pump 32 and the dust collector 33, for example, a fractionated pneumatic cyclone separator. This dust is also disposed of as secondary raw materials.

 All chambers: 6.13 and 17 are equipped with bottom 34 nozzles for supplying compressed gas to their cavity.

 The operation of the described installation is described in the implementation of the method of disposal of municipal waste, which begins with debugging the interactions of all these units: connecting electromagnets 7 and 8 to the power network; checking the discharge of fluid from the pool 6 into the chamber 13, then into the chamber 17 and then into the tank 21; checking the operation of the conveyor-feeder 3 and three other outlet conveyors: 11,14,18; checking the functioning of the dust bag 33.

 After that, waste is collected at the working site 1 into the hopper 2, from which it is fed through a conveyor-feeder 3 to the pool 6, while from under the dome of the casing 31, dusty products are removed to the collector 33, from which the upper outlet is fed to the chamber 17, and the bottom into the chamber 13 for appropriate processing in these chambers. The material (waste) discharged from the feeder has already previously stratified according to the gravitational effect due to the feeder vibration; then this layered material is fed into the aquatic environment (water with the addition of 0.001 to 0.0001 weight parts of surfactant) of the basin 6 and is divided according to the signs of positive buoyancy: more dense, having a greater specific gravity sinks to the bottom, while the ferromagnetic materials are attracted to the walls, colored metals and other heavy material falls on the bottom 10, while materials with positive buoyancy are discharged through the tray into the treatment chamber 13, where it is irrigated from above with water, possibly heated, especially in winter. This leads to wetting of the material and its separation also by signs of buoyancy. Wetted and soaked with water material having positive buoyancy is discharged by the drainage tray along with the liquid into chamber 17. For more efficient separation of materials, flotation is used, supplying compressed gas through nozzles 34 in each of these three treatment chambers.

 Chamber 17 collects the lightest materials (lighter than water); the upper discharge is discharged into a container 21, where fuel is discharged through the pipe 23, and the sediment and water are discharged to a sump 25, where the working fluid is finally separated from the sludge (sludge).

 From each chamber, the bottom sediment is diverted by conveyors to the corresponding storage hopper.

 Example. Received on the site 1 mountains. waste products including metals (ferrous, non-ferrous), construction waste (concrete, brick, building porcelain, etc.), paper, cardboard, rags, glass breakage, combustible and oily materials, etc. served by a vibrating feeder 3 in the pool 6, where iron and its alloys are separated by electromagnets; non-ferrous metals and other heavy and less heavy materials (tungsten, molybdenum, ceramics, building porcelain, fragments of concrete, brick, the battle of mineral materials, glass, etc.) settle to the bottom 10 of pool 6, the bottom of which is periodically opened and all the deposited material is conveyed 11 is sent to a hopper 12, from which the material is sent, for example, to smelting (or direct disposal), where first low-temperature (by melting) materials are smelted (bobbit, lead, tin, aluminum, etc.), then more heat-resistant copper, bronze, brass and the like such as tungsten, molybdenum, etc., metals are released last; slags are used for their intended purpose.

 The pulverulent fractions are removed for separation into a cyclone 33, then to chambers 13 and 17 for inclusion in the separation separation cycle. From the pool 6, the material with positive buoyancy along the tray together with the liquid is discharged into the chamber 13 (this is paper, rags, plastics, wood, light dust, oily and combustible substances, etc.), from above all floating material is irrigated with heated water, part of the material after such moistening, it sinks and is discharged through the hinged bottom through the conveyor 14 in the hopper 15, and the non-sunken material is poured with liquid into the chamber 17, from which the upper floating material (wood, foam, etc.) is removed, for example, with a mesh (perforated) bucket ( not shown) , they will send it for recycling, and the liquid is lighter than water is poured from above through the pipe 20 into the container 21 (if necessary, in the winter, the liquid in the pool, chambers 13.17 and the tank 21 are heated according to the example of the chamber 17, where there is a heater 22), from which flammable substances (oils, kerosene, gasoline, lubricants, etc.) are discharged through the pipe 23 for fuel purposes, the sludge is discharged to the sump 25. The sediment from the bottom of the chamber 17 is discharged through the conveyor 18 to the hopper 19 (small glass, bottles, lamps, construction waste, etc.) and used as intended in construction.

 Sludge 28 is used as fertilizer in the soil and plant layer of greenhouses, fields, individual farms. The clarified water through the pipeline 27 is sent for irrigation of waste in the pool 6 and chambers 13.17, closing the reverse cycle of water in this process.

 Thus, the implementation of the proposed technology for the utilization of urban waste can comprehensively solve this most important problem of a big city, significantly raise the technical and economic indicators of this process by supplying various enterprises of the city with materials allocated for utilization; this will enhance the culture of waste management and improve the sanitary and environmental situation.

Claims (2)

 1. The method of disposal of urban waste, including the movement of waste with the imposition of mechanical vibrations on them, the separation of waste and dust extraction, characterized in that the waste is pre-introduced into the volume of the working chamber, then the separation is carried out in a stepwise manner in a liquid medium in the working chambers, while in the first chamber, the waste is exposed to a magnetic field, in the second and third chambers, the waste is irrigated and flotated, and in the third chamber, the material is heated and light liquids are extracted from its upper volume and sent to thawing, after which the clarified water is sent to the first and second working chambers, light liquids are removed from the process, and the sludge and also sludge from three working chambers are sent for disposal by the nature of the selected material.  2. Installation for the disposal of municipal waste, containing a platform for receiving waste, a receiving hopper, a conveyor feeder with a vibrator and a dust extraction hood, characterized in that it is equipped with three working chambers with hinged bottoms and conveyors for removing sludge into the respective bins, with an additional capacity for light liquids and a sump, while the first working chamber is made with an inner lining of soft magnetic material and additional magnets mounted externally, the second and third working chambers are equipped with s nozzles for supplying compressed air from below, and the third working chamber is made with a heater, and the working chambers are connected to each other by drain trays, and the third working chamber is connected to the pipeline with an additional tank having a branch pipe for draining light liquids and a lower pipe for removing sediment and liquid in a sump, the upper part of which is connected by a pipeline to the first and second working chambers, and the bottom is hinged and connected to a sludge collector, while the dust extraction cover also covers the first working chambers .