CN1295881A

CN1295881A - Refuse classification method and apparatus thereof

Info

Publication number: CN1295881A
Application number: CN 00130854
Authority: CN
Inventors: 欧义芳; 黄秋莲
Original assignee: Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry of CAS
Current assignee: Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry of CAS
Priority date: 2000-12-14
Filing date: 2000-12-14
Publication date: 2001-05-23

Abstract

The invention belongs to a garbage sorting and processing method and a device thereof. The invention utilizes the different specific gravity of mixed garbage to disperse the garbage in the fluid, and the dispersed garbage is automatically layered, and different types of garbage are separated by setting different transport devices on different levels in the fluid, especially in the flowing fluid. Realize garbage sorting. The device provided by the invention mainly includes a water tank (12), a stirring device (4), an underwater conveyance device (1), an underwater salvage device (5, 6), a collecting plate (9) and a water storage tank (11). The invention provides a new approach for garbage disposal, which is beneficial to the regeneration and utilization of garbage.

Description

A kind of refuse classification method and device thereof

The invention belongs to refuse classification processing method and device thereof.

Rubbish is the defective work that must produce among the human lives, along with the continuous expansion of city scale, the high concentration of population, the continuous development of activity in production, also in continuous increase, the someone did rough Statistics to the quantity of rubbish, nearly 1,000,000 tons of the annual rubbish that produces in the whole world.The domestic waste problem has become one of the most serious public hazards in the world today.China overwhelming majority cities raw mode that adopts air storage, fill out ditch naturally and fill out the hole municipal refuse of dissolving for a long time, this processing mode all can cause real influence and potential harm to soil, underground water, atmosphere etc.Reach more than 500,000,000 square metre because rubbish is stored up the land area of occupying at present, taken valuable land resource.The rubbish in the most of city of China remains mixed collection, and the intractability of rubbish is big.

The main method of existing treatment of urban garbage:

1, burning method

The method that the simplest and the most most widely used elimination sanitary waste pollutes is waste incineration.The purpose of burning is to remove as much as possible house refuse and pollutes, and the heat that utilizes burning to produce becomes steam or hot water is used for generating electricity.Make the utilization rate of rubbish low but burn, also can bring secondary pollution simultaneously, as the SO in the exhaust emissions ₂, NOX and the huge noise in when burning etc.A kind of more advanced method of burning away the refuse-low temperature distillation firing method has been invented by Siemens Company now, this technology is to allow rubbish be introduced into one 450 ℃ destructive distillation chamber, make organic waste be converted into low temperature distillation coal gas and the flue dust that has a large amount of carbon particles, isolate simultaneously through the glass, stone of sterilization, coloured ferrous metal, reclaim.Second step was to burn under 1300 ℃ temperature after low temperature distillation coal gas and the flue dust that has carbon particle are imported the combustion chamber entrained air.The heat of burning is in order to produce high steam, and for generating or distant heating, solids becomes lava shape material to crystallize into slag from the furnace bottom outflow, makes slag brick with it and can do building materials.This method has further improved efficient, has improved the utilization of rubbish, has reduced pollution.Its shortcoming is that construction investment and operating cost are higher.

2, landfill method

Landfill method is that solid waste is added cladding material after selected suitable place heap is filled out certain thickness, allows it pass through physics, chemistry and biological agent of long duration, reaches balance.This method is simple, reduced investment, and treating capacity is big, so method also is to handle a kind of main method of municipal refuse.But this method floor space is big and rubbish easily produces toxic liquid, through weathering, and leaching, the rainwash washed off soil can not only be poisoned the microorganism in the soil with poison, and destroys the decomposition ability of soil, make soil lose primary productivity, serious even life security that influence the resident.Therefore, in developed country.The handled rubbish ratio of landfill method is fewer and feweri.In the period of Japan 1977～1991, reduced about 40%.The U.S. had refuse landfill 18005 places in 1979, and 1986 are only surplus 9300 places.

3, compost treatment

This method is that organic matter in the rubbish and a certain proportion of inorganic matter are mixed together, and the control certain condition is allowed to condition under the action of microorganisms, and Degradation and Transformation is stable Humus, becomes the improvement fertilizer that can impose on the farmland.Its advantage is that part realizes resource, helps big ecological benign cycle.Shortcoming is a long processing period, easily causes secondary pollution.

4, sorting process method

Utilize the proportion size of various compositions in the rubbish, the difference of physical propertys such as magnetic adopts respectively and manually roughly selects, and the method for magnetic separation and pneumatic separation is separated each thing, unified then the recovery.This method is owing to having accomplished to make the best use of everything and pollution is dropped to bottom line to greatest extent, so be one of advanced at present waste disposal method.Because one-time investment is too big, except that minority developed countries such as the U.S. used, majority state was not popularized as yet.But it has represented the developing direction of garbage disposal from now on.One of effective way that addresses the above problem is exactly with the resource recycling of rubbish as a kind of preciousness.The regeneration of rubbish mainly comprises following several aspect: directly recycle, as reusing of glass containers such as beer bottle; Recycling, as utilize the regeneration of waste paper, waste plastics etc.; Comprehensive utilization, as utilize the organic matter in the rubbish to carry out garbage compost, utilize the inflammable substance burning in the rubbish to produce heat energy, realize cogeneration.The regeneration of rubbish is the optimal path of waste reduction and garbage as resource.

The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of method of separating mixed garbage.

Another object of the present invention provides a kind of device that can realize this refuse classification.

The present invention handles mixed garbage by a kind of novel fluid suspended separating method, realizes the regeneration of rubbish.The composition of house refuse mainly contains: garbage, paper, plastics, rubber, rag, cinder soil, sand, glass, pottery, metal or the like.Suspension separating method principle is to utilize the proportion difference of mixed garbage, rubbish is scattered in the fluid rubbish AUTOMATIC ZONING of dispersion.By different aspects in fluid the different devices that transports is set, isolates different types of rubbish.

The present invention also can be dispersed in rubbish in the mobile fluid, realizes the rubbish AUTOMATIC ZONING of disperseing in the fluid process of flowing.

The invention provides a kind of device of in streaming flow, realizing refuse classification, comprise tank, agitating device, fishing device, collecting board and cistern in conveyer, the water under water, the trough of tank is provided with water inlet, garbage inlet, agitating device is installed near garbage inlet, bottom of gullet is installed conveyer under water, the groove tail is equipped with fishing device in the water, and groove tail top has outlet to be connected with collecting board, and groove tail bottom has delivery port to communicate with cistern.

The present invention utilizes the proportion difference of rubbish, rubbish is dispersed in the water of flow regime, the rubbish that disperses is realized AUTOMATIC ZONING in the fluid process of flowing, by the different devices that transports is set in different aspects, isolate different types of rubbish, again according to the in addition regeneration of the characteristic of rubbish, the workload that has alleviated after this further artificial segmentation and reclaimed, and can make segmentation and be recovered under the reasonable working environment and carry out.Sewage after the sorting can make wherein a large amount of small garbages flocculate by adding flocculant, can make compound fertilizer and use, and the water after purifying recycles by circulating pump.The invention provides a kind of new way of garbage disposal, be beneficial to the regeneration of rubbish.

Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the device of refuse classification of realizing in streaming flow provided by the invention is described in further detail.

Fig. 1 is the stereogram of rubbish wet concentration separator.

Fig. 2 is the profile of Fig. 1 device.

Fig. 3 is the stereogram of

fishing device

5,6 in the water among Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.

Wet concentration is separated in the tank 12 and carries out, and trough is provided with water inlet 2, garbage inlet 3, and agitating device 4 is installed on garbage inlet 3 next doors; Conveyer adopts belt circulating conveyor 1 under water, this device is made up of driving-belt and elevator belt, transmit by trough from bottom land, the trough gradient is 45 to 60 degree, be convenient to install belt elevator, can be equipped with on the belt and mention, be convenient to take out of rubbish, starting belt pulley can transport precipitum continuously; Fishing device in the water that the groove tail is installed, can adopt

fishing net

5,6,

fishing net

5,6 is made up of vertical plane 13, bottom surface 15, two

sides

14,16, fishing net can be established a plurality of by different water layers, be made up of a plurality of nets of size, adopt stepped construction, little net 6 invests in the big net 5,

fishing net

5,6 can be wide with tank 12, links to each other with tank 12 by hinge; Groove tail top has outlet 7 to be connected with collecting board 9, has delivery port 10 to communicate with cistern 11 bottom the groove tail.But equal mounted valve is convenient to operation in the outlet 7 on groove tail top and the outlet 10 of bottom.Can have aperture 8 on the collecting board 9, water can be flowed in the following cistern 11.

After tank 12 holds full water, can open water inlet 2, pour rubbish into from garbage inlet 3, open agitating device 4, disperse rubbish, wherein rubbish such as the metal that proportion is bigger, pottery, glass, silt fall on the circulating conveyor 1, and precipitum transports from trough continuously; The rubbish that proportion is very little promptly can be kept afloat after disperseing, as paper, foamed plastics, polybag etc., open the valve of groove tail top outlet 7, rubbish is delivered on the collecting board 9 with holes with current, aperture 8 tiny being evenly distributed on the collecting board 9, water can flow in the cistern 11 by aperture 8, and rubbish then is trapped within on the collecting board 9 with holes; The less rubbish of proportion is suspended in the water body, as part garbage, rag, plastics, rubber etc., moving with current toward the groove wake flow, open the valve of the delivery port 10 of groove tail bottom, water flows in the cistern, and rubbish then is trapped on

netted fishing device

5,6, and fishing net can be established a plurality of by different water layers, can collect the rubbish of different water layers, fishing net can be routed up rubbish by hinge; Sewage after the sorting all flows into cistern 11, the water suction sedimentation basin in the cistern can be added flocculant therein and leaves standstill, and makes in the water a large amount of tiny rubbish flocculate, and can make compound fertilizer and use.And the water after purifying can recycle the wet concentration separation of carrying out rubbish once more by circulating pump.

Embodiment

With artificial rubbish as test specimen, weight amounts such as institute's containing metal, pottery, glass account for 40% of gross weight in the rubbish, the porosity that proportions such as contained rag, hardboard, wooden unit and water are worked as accounts for 30% of gross weight, and things such as contained foamed plastics, polybag, waste paper account for 30% of gross weight.In the wet concentration groove of 2 meters of groove widths, 2 meters of groove depths, hold full water, the composting amount of input is about 100 kilograms, starts agitator, and rotating speed is 300～500 rev/mins, opens groove tail two outlet on top and bottom valve.Start conveyer belt under water, weight is not stopped transport out.Along with flowing of water opened water intaking valve simultaneously, keep water level.When floating thing flow out tank to the collecting board after, start netted gatherer, will net interior rubbish and pour out.From all kinds of rubbish that separated, the quantity of refuse that spreads out of from conveyer belt is 50%, the quantity of refuse of telling from collecting board is 25%, the quantity of refuse of telling from collecting net is 25%, basically realized the rough segmentation of rubbish, the workload that has alleviated after this further artificial segmentation and reclaimed, and can make segmentation and be recovered under the reasonable working environment and carry out.

Claims

1. A garbage sorting method, which utilizes the different specific gravity of mixed garbage to disperse the garbage in the fluid, and installs different delivery devices at different levels in the fluid to separate different types of garbage.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the garbage is dispersed in the flowing fluid, and the dispersed garbage is automatically stratified during the process of flowing with the fluid.

3. A device for sorting garbage in a flowing fluid, comprising a water tank (12), a stirring device (4), an underwater conveyance device (1), an underwater salvage device (5, 6), a collecting plate (9) and Reservoir (11), the tank head of water tank (12) is provided with water inlet (2), garbage input port (3), and stirring device (4) is installed near the garbage inlet, and underwater delivery device (1) is installed at the bottom of the tank , the tail of the tank is equipped with a salvage device (5,6) in water, the top of the tail of the tank has an outlet (7) to be connected with the collecting plate (9), and the bottom of the tail of the tank has an outlet (10) to communicate with the reservoir (11).

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the underwater transport device (1) adopts a belt circulation conveying device, which is conveyed from the bottom of the tank through the tank head, and the slope of the tank head is 45 to 60 degrees.

5. Apparatus as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that said belt is provided with teeth.

6. According to the device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, it is characterized in that the salvage device in the water adopts a salvage net (5, 6), and a plurality of salvage nets (5, 6) are set according to different water layers. Composition adopts a stacked structure, the small net (6) is attached in the large net (5), the salvage net (5, 6) can be equal to the width of the water tank (12), and is connected with the water tank (12) by a hinge.

7. The device according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that small holes (8) are opened on the collecting plate (9).