RU206534U1 - PLANT FOR DEMONSTRATION OF PHENOMENA CAUSED BY EXTERNAL PERIODIC IMPACT ON THE ENERGY PARAMETERS OF A VIBRATORY MECHANICAL SYSTEM - Google Patents

Abstract

The declared utility model refers to installations for visual demonstrations and research in physics and can be used for laboratory work and experiments on the study of oscillatory motion caused by an external influence. to demonstrate the phenomenon of parametric resonance, to investigate the oscillation of a mathematical pendulum with a periodic change in the length of its suspension, to measure the deflection angle of this pendulum, for subsequent processing of the data obtained when conducting experiments in educational institutions. shaft around its own axis, performing alternately winding the thread of the pendulum on the shaft and winding it, as a result of which the length of the suspension of the pendulum changes according to a periodic law. The angle sensor fixed on the spoke and deflected together with the pendulum serves to measure the angle of deflection of the pendulum from the equilibrium position and transfer the measurement results to the microcontroller. Thus, the installation makes it possible to demonstrate the phenomena caused by an external periodic effect on the energy parameters of an oscillatory mechanical system. educational institutions where both teachers and students participate in the experiments.

Description

Technology area

The declared utility model relates to installations for visual demonstrations and research in physics, and can be used for laboratory work and experiments on the study of oscillatory motion caused by external influences.

State of the art

A device for modeling parametric oscillations is known from the existing level of technology (patent RU 2087211 C1, "Device for modeling parametric oscillations", Kuznetsov H.P., G01M 7/02, 1997.08.20), with its help it is possible to simulate parametric oscillations in a lever oscillatory system. The disadvantages of this device are its large dimensions and the need for third-party devices.

Also from the prior art, an educational device is known for demonstrating the phenomena of nonlinear oscillatory motion, which makes it possible to simulate the effect of parametric resonance (patent RU 2658788 C1 "Method and device for demonstrating and studying the movement of an ensemble of mathematical pendulums during longitudinal vibrations of its suspension", Krotov S.S., G09B 23/06, 2018.06.22). The disadvantages of this device are its complex design and the presence of fragile elements made of glass, which affects the ease of use.

Disclosure of a utility model

The problem to be solved by the claimed technical solution is to create a simple, small-sized installation that allows you to demonstrate the phenomenon of parametric resonance, to study the oscillation of a mathematical pendulum with a periodic change in the length of its suspension, to measure the deflection angle of this pendulum, for subsequent processing of the data obtained when performing experiments in educational institutions.

This problem is solved due to the presence of a stepper motor controlled by a microcontroller in the installation, which rotates the shaft around its own axis, alternately winding the pendulum thread on the shaft and winding it, as a result of which the suspension length of the pendulum changes according to a periodic law. The angle sensor fixed on the spoke and deflected together with the pendulum serves to measure the angle of deflection of the pendulum from the equilibrium position and transfer the measurement results to the microcontroller. Thus, the installation makes it possible to demonstrate the phenomena caused by an external periodic effect on the energy parameters of an oscillatory mechanical system.

The result, which is provided by the given set of features, is the expansion of demonstration capabilities, convenience and ease of installation for laboratory work associated with mechanical vibrations, which is very important for educational institutions where both teachers and students participate in experiments.

Brief Description of Drawings

The utility model is illustrated by drawings. The drawings are presented in a volume sufficient for the understanding of the utility model by specialists, and in no way limit the scope of the utility model.

FIG. 1 shows a setup for demonstrating the phenomena caused by external periodic impact on the energy parameters of an oscillatory mechanical system.

FIG. 2 shows the control unit 7.

Implementation of the utility model

The installation for demonstrating the phenomena caused by external periodic impact on the energy parameters of an oscillatory mechanical system includes a mathematical pendulum 1 suspended on a shaft 2. The pendulum thread is thrown through a spoke 3, which limits the movement of the suspension point of the pendulum. On the spoke, an angle sensor 4, which deviates together with the pendulum, is fixed, which measures the angle of deflection of the pendulum from the equilibrium position. The measurement results are transmitted via wires to the microcontroller 6. The shaft is rigidly connected to the rotor of the stepper motor 5, which sets the angle of rotation of the shaft around its own axis. The stepper motor is electrically connected by wires to the microcontroller and controlled by it. The stepper motor and microcontroller are located inside the control unit 7. The whole structure is stably held on the frame 8.

The installation works as follows: a mathematical pendulum, deviating from the vertical, makes free oscillations. An angle sensor registers the deflection angle of the pendulum. The microcontroller, by means of the stepper motor rotor, controls the winding of the pendulum thread on the shaft, reducing the length of its suspension when the pendulum moves to the equilibrium position and increasing its length when it deviates from the equilibrium position. Thus, an increase in the amplitude of oscillations of the mathematical pendulum is provided, demonstrating the phenomenon of resonance.

The advantage of the proposed installation is the measurement of the angle of deviation of the mathematical pendulum from the equilibrium position, the ability to control the movement of the pendulum by controlling its suspension length, as well as the simplicity of the design and its small dimensions. Demonstration capabilities of the installation can be used for laboratory work in the study of mechanical vibrations, for example, when plotting the dependence of the angle of deflection of the pendulum on time.

Claims (1)

Installation for demonstration of phenomena caused by external periodic impact on the energy parameters of an oscillatory mechanical system, characterized by the fact that it includes a microcontroller electrically connected to a stepper motor, the rotor of which is rigidly connected to the shaft, on which the pendulum is suspended, thrown over a spoke located parallel to the shaft , an angle sensor is attached to the spoke, connected to the microcontroller, the whole structure is stably held by a frame, while the stepper motor and the microcontroller are located inside the control unit.

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