CN103310687A - Forced-vibration damping pendulum - Google Patents
Forced-vibration damping pendulum Download PDFInfo
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- CN103310687A CN103310687A CN2013102875520A CN201310287552A CN103310687A CN 103310687 A CN103310687 A CN 103310687A CN 2013102875520 A CN2013102875520 A CN 2013102875520A CN 201310287552 A CN201310287552 A CN 201310287552A CN 103310687 A CN103310687 A CN 103310687A
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Abstract
A damping pendulum serves as a study object of forced vibration, the pendulum which is composed of a pendulum rod which is made of a rigid thin rod and a pendulum bob is suspended on a moving rotating shaft through a central bearing and a bearing sleeve, a driving lever is fixed on the bearing sleeve which is connected with the pendulum rod of the pendulum, and the pendulum rod of the pendulum, the bearing sleeve and the driving lever are connected into a whole. The driving lever penetrates a piston rod lantern ring of an air damping cylinder which is installed above a damping box, and the driving lever drives a piston rod to move back and forth when the pendulum swings. The magnitude of the damping force exerted on the driving lever by the piston rod of the air damping cylinder can be changed by adjusting an air flow valve on the air damping cylinder. An adjustable-speed motor is connected with the damping box through a crankshaft connecting rod system, the moving rotating shaft is driven to conduct reciprocating linear motion in the horizontal direction through a clamping opening below the damping box, and the periodic compulsive force in the horizontal direction is provided for the moving rotating shaft, so that the pendulum obtains energy required for maintaining of the stable forced vibration state.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the experimental apparatus of terms of mechanics in a kind of physics, especially a kind of forced vibration damping single pendulum for research forced vibration aspect physics law.
Background technology
The physical experiment apparatus of more existing research forced vibration aspects, its common feature all is to adopt a disk that rotates in fixed axis, make its back and forth reciprocally twisting vibration of rotating shaft around disk under the moment of torsionspring, indirectly disk is applied one with the moment of face of one-period by the another one torsionspring simultaneously and force moment, thereby reach the purpose that allows disk be forced to twisting vibration.The physical experiment apparatus of these above-mentioned research forced vibration aspects, vibration frequency intrinsic during because of disk vibration is non-adjustable, and the angle that turns over is observed all impacts of more high factor of complicated structure, instrument cost and price that experiential function directly perceived not, instrument is more single and be subjected to experimental provision, so that the applying of physical experiment apparatus of this class research forced vibration aspect is subject to certain limitation.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned common defects of the physical experiment apparatus that overcomes existing research forced vibration aspect, the present invention has designed the experimental apparatus of a brand-new research forced vibration, that is: forced vibration damping single pendulum.This instrument adopts the damping single pendulum to be used as the research object of forced vibration, its as the restoring force of periodic vibration from gravity but not the twisting resistance of spring is conducive to the simplification of apparatus structure and the reduction of cost.The natural period of oscillation of single pendulum is adjustable, and the cycle by the measurement of simple pendulum oscillation being studied forced vibration and phase place, amplitude geometric ratio in the past the disk twisting vibration of instrument are more directly perceived.After adopting the design proposal of this instrument, if force generation the buncher of power to close, and an air damping cylinder on the damping box top of generation damping force is removed, then this instrument just becomes a free single pendulum, can utilize this instrument to do the experiment of Measurement of Gravity Acceleration by Simple Pendulum, expand the experiment usable range of instrument.Realize at this instrument on the mode of forced vibration, the present invention has also taked a kind of very unique method, it is not to adopt other like that rotary disk to be applied the method for forcing moment with quasi-instrument, but link to each other with damping box by crankshaft rod system with a buncher, and the movable rotation-shaft of the drive of the bayonet socket below damping box single pendulum is made reciprocal rectilinear motion in the horizontal direction, provide the power of forcing of periodic along continuous straight runs to it, thereby make single pendulum obtain to keep the stable required energy of forced vibration state.
Design concept of the present invention is according to as described below:
1. the object that can keep stable forced vibration state needs to satisfy three conditions usually, that is: object itself can be done the free vibration of approximate simple harmonic quantity, is subject to a damping force or damping torque when doing vibration, also be subject to simultaneously stable periodically forcing power or force moment, this periodically forces power or forces the effect of moment is to keep stable forced vibration state for vibrating object to provide makeup energy.Experimental apparatus of the present invention can both satisfy three above conditions.
2. experimental apparatus of the present invention for vibrating object provides the method for makeup energy is: link to each other with damping box by crankshaft rod system with a buncher, and the drive of the bayonet socket below damping box movable rotation-shaft is made reciprocal rectilinear motion in the horizontal direction, provide the power of forcing of periodic along continuous straight runs to it, thereby make single pendulum obtain to keep the stable required energy of forced vibration state.
3. experimental apparatus of the present invention for vibrating object provides the method for damping force is: the driving lever of using rigidity fork and bearing holder (housing, cover) with single pendulum to be connected as a single entity passes the piston rod collar of the air damping cylinder that is installed in the damping box top, and driving lever was also stirred piston rod and moved back and forth when single pendulum swung.The draught damper of regulating on the air damping cylinder just can change the piston rod of air damping cylinder to the size of the damping force of driving lever.
4. experimental apparatus measurement of the present invention forces the method for the phase differential that vibrates between power and the single pendulum to be: with the photoelectric wheel edge that provides the buncher rotating shaft that forces power to link to each other a photoelectricity door is being installed, by photoelectricity door record buncher rotate zero constantly; A photoelectricity door also is installed under single pendulum again simultaneously, when the single pendulum fork passes through this photoelectricity door by positive dirction, is recorded another zero moment.Measure these two time differences between zero moment with the single-chip microcomputer in the electric measurement control box of instrument, be assumed to be Δ t, the vibration period of supposing again photoelectric wheel or single pendulum is T, then forces the phase difference φ that vibrates between power and the single pendulum to be:
This phase differential is an important experiment measuring parameter of research forced vibration.
5. the method for the ratio of damping when experimental apparatus measurement single pendulum of the present invention is done damped vibration is: with the parallel plane plane of simple pendulum oscillation an amplitude indicator board is being set, be painted with the angle scale of arc at this plate, also be provided with the catoptron of an arc on the angle scale next door of arc.When single pendulum is put the extreme higher position, if eyes aim at fork and its image arc-shaped reflecting mirror from the dead ahead of fork just, then both should overlap, and meanwhile observe the amplitude indication on the corresponding arc angle anale settting scale of fork, so just can record more exactly amplitude at that time.During concrete measurement ratio of damping, force the buncher of power to close providing first, the air valve of the air damping cylinder on damping box top is transferred to a certain correct position, again single pendulum is raised to a certain initial angle θ
0Freely discharge, through n all after date, the amplitude of establishing single pendulum eases down to θ
nAngle then can be known by inference by relevant theory of mechanics, and the ratio of damping δ when single pendulum is done damped vibration under the current location of air valve is:
In the following formula, T is the cycle of vibration.The consistance of driving lever and single pendulum pendulum angle when doing damped vibration for assurance, the fork of this instrument single pendulum is made by rigid thin rod, and fork, bearing holder (housing, cover) and driving lever three are connected as a single entity.This also is an important content of research forced vibration to the measurement of ratio of damping.
6. when experimental apparatus of the present invention uses as free single pendulum, can utilize this instrument to do the experiment of Measurement of Gravity Acceleration by Simple Pendulum, its principle is: force generation the buncher of power to close, and an air damping cylinder on the damping box top of generation damping force is removed, then original damping single pendulum just becomes free single pendulum, adjusts the height (be pendulum length) of pendulum on fork, if pendulum length is L, acceleration of gravity is g, and then hunting period, T and the pass between the above two were:
More than be the formula of single pendulum, therefore, as long as recorded T and L just can extrapolate gravity acceleration g, perhaps verify the formula of above-mentioned single pendulum according to three's relation.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention, it is characterized in that: the single pendulum that the fork of being made by rigid thin rod and pendulum form is suspended on the movable rotation-shaft by centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover), and with bearing holder (housing, cover) that the fork of single pendulum is connected on also be fixed with a driving lever, the fork of single pendulum, bearing holder (housing, cover) and driving lever three are connected as a single entity.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention is characterized in that: two little rolling bearings also are equipped with on the movable rotation-shaft both sides that hang single pendulum, and these two rolling bearings difference framves are in the bearing guide of both sides.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention, it is characterized in that: there is a damping box position above movable rotation-shaft, there are a bayonet socket and movable rotation-shaft to be stuck below the damping box, there is a cavity centre of damping box, can allow centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover) rotate therein and do not collide with it, the top of damping box is equipped with an air damping cylinder, and the driving lever that is connected as a single entity with the single pendulum fork can pass from the piston rod collar of air damping cylinder.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention, it is characterized in that: at the sustained height with the mounting center baseline of the movable rotation-shaft that hangs single pendulum one buncher is arranged, link to each other with damping box by crankshaft rod system, and the bayonet socket below damping box links to each other with the movable rotation-shaft of single pendulum.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention, it is characterized in that: at the extended line of buncher rotating shaft runner with light tank is arranged, one lateral edges of this runner passes from the photoelectricity door of upper mounting plate, in addition, a photoelectricity door is also arranged on lower installation board under the single pendulum, from then on the fork of single pendulum passes in the photoelectricity door when swinging, and the edge of above runner and the fork of single pendulum all can not have Mechanical Contact with the photoelectricity door of upper mounting plate and the photoelectricity door on the lower installation board respectively.
Forced vibration damping single pendulum of the present invention is characterized in that: being provided with an amplitude indicator board with the parallel plane plane of simple pendulum oscillation, be painted with the angle scale of arc at this plate, also be provided with an arc-shaped reflecting mirror on arc angle anale settting scale next door.
The present invention solves the main technical schemes that its technical matters adopts: adopt the damping single pendulum to be used as the research object of forced vibration, the single pendulum that the fork of being made by rigid thin rod and pendulum form is suspended on the movable rotation-shaft by centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover), and with bearing holder (housing, cover) that the fork of single pendulum is connected on also be fixed with a driving lever, the fork of single pendulum, bearing holder (housing, cover) and driving lever three are connected as a single entity.Driving lever passes the piston rod collar of the air damping cylinder that is installed in damping box top, and driving lever was also stirred piston rod and moved back and forth when single pendulum swung.The draught damper of regulating on the air damping cylinder just can change the piston rod of air damping cylinder to the size of the damping force of driving lever.Link to each other with damping box by crankshaft rod system with a buncher again, and the drive of the bayonet socket below damping box movable rotation-shaft is made reciprocal rectilinear motion in the horizontal direction, provide the power of forcing of periodic along continuous straight runs to it, thereby make single pendulum obtain to keep the stable required energy of forced vibration state.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the structure of having simplified the experimental apparatus of research forced vibration aspect by forced vibration damping single pendulum, make the research of Experiment of forced vibration more directly perceived, also reduced simultaneously the cost of this quasi-instrument, can also utilize this instrument to do the experiment of Measurement of Gravity Acceleration by Simple Pendulum, expanded the usable range of instrument in experiment, for contribution has been made in the development of educational undertaking.
Description of drawings
The present invention is further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the agent structure schematic diagram of this instrument.
Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of the appropriate sections such as bearing guide of the little rolling bearing on single pendulum among Fig. 1 and movable rotation-shaft, centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover), driving lever, damping box, air damping cylinder, draught damper and crankshaft rod system, movable rotation-shaft both sides and both sides and the schematic diagram of mutual CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION.
Fig. 3 is buncher, crankshaft rod system, the runner with light tank, photoelectric wheel rotary shaft rack, (upper mounting plate) photoelectricity door and upper mounting plate. between structural representation.
In Fig. 1: 1. (single pendulum) pendulum, 2. (single pendulum) fork, 3. centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover), 4. (the movable rotation-shaft two ends) little rolling bearing, 5. movable rotation-shaft, 6. bearing guide, 7. damping box, 8. driving lever, 9. air damping cylinder, 10. air valve, 11. crankshaft rod systems, 12. bunchers, 13. runner rotary shaft rack, 14. with the runner of light tank, 15. (upper mounting plate) photoelectricity door, 16. amplitude indicator boards, 17. arc angle anale settting scale, 18. arc-shaped reflecting mirror, 19. upper mounting plates, 20. apparatus subject frameworks, 21. (on the lower installation board) the photoelectricity door, 22. lower installation board, 23. cables, 24. electric measurement control boxs.
Drawn in Fig. 3 is the side zoomed-in view of appropriate section among Fig. 1 and the schematic diagram of mutual CONSTRUCTED SPECIFICATION.
Embodiment
Press shown in the structural drawing among Fig. 2, the fork of single pendulum (2) is connected as a single entity with centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover) (3), driving lever (8) three, be suspended on the movable rotation-shaft (5) by centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover) (3), be not subjected in outer power-actuated situation, can be being freely swung around movable rotation-shaft (5) by pendulum (1) and fork (2) single pendulum dimerous.Its cycle that freely swings meets the vibration regularity of single pendulum.Aspect in addition, also have two little rolling bearings (4) at the two ends of movable rotation-shaft (5), this two little rolling bearings (4) frame is on the bearing guide (6) on both sides, movable rotation-shaft (5) the again following bayonet socket of damped box (7) drives, and damping box (7) then links to each other with crankshaft rod system (11).Damping box (7) top is equipped with an air damping cylinder (9), driving lever (8) passes the piston rod collar of air damping cylinder (9), and the large I of the damping force that air damping cylinder (9) produces is regulated by the air valve (10) on the air damping cylinder (9).
Press shown in the structural drawing among Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, buncher (12) and crankshaft rod system (11), movable rotation-shaft (5) and be in sustained height with the mounting center datum line of the photoelectric wheel (14) of light tank etc., with the rotating shaft of the runner (14) of light tank on the extended line of the rotating shaft of buncher.The rotating speed (or cycle) of buncher (12), the measurement of phase place can cooperate with (upper mounting plate) photoelectricity door (15) with the runner (14) with light tank and carry out.Rotating shaft with the runner (14) of light tank is supported by runner rotary shaft rack (13), with the edge of the runner (14) of light tank passing (upper mounting plate) photoelectricity door (15), but with this photoelectricity door (15) Mechanical Contact is not arranged.
The vibration period measurement of single pendulum when swinging by Fig. 1 in (on the lower installation board) photoelectricity door (21) carry out, when passing through photoelectricity door (21), the fork (2) of single pendulum interdicted the light path of photoelectricity door (21), thereby produce electric impulse signal by photoelectricity door (21), detected by the metering circuit in the electric measurement control box (24), and calculate corresponding cycle, phase place and phase differential etc.The installation site of (on the lower installation board) photoelectricity door (21) is in the centre position of lower installation board (22), and can not Mechanical Contact be arranged with fork.
The amplitude measurement of single pendulum relies on amplitude indicator board (16) to carry out, angle scale (17) and arc-shaped reflecting mirror (18) that arc is arranged at amplitude indicator board (16), when fork (2) arrives the amplitude maximum position, overlap with its image in arc-shaped reflecting mirror (18) by aiming fork (2), can guarantee that eyes are in the dead ahead of fork (2) and arc angle anale settting scale (18), the scale angle of fork (2) indication is the amplitude of single pendulum at this moment.
The damped motion of the single pendulum that is comprised of pendulum (1) and fork (2) is to realize like this, when the driving lever (8) that links to each other with bearing holder (housing, cover) (3) with centre bearing swings, driving lever (8) is because passing the piston rod of air damping cylinder (9), therefore be subject to the air damping opposite with direction of motion.When mounted, move with damping box (7) in air damping cylinder (9) top that is installed in damping box (7).
In whole instrument, except electric measurement control box (24), all the other each parts all are installed on the apparatus subject framework (20), wherein the lower installation board (22) of main body frame (20) is upward installed photoelectricity door (21), remaining parts all is installed on the upper mounting plate (19), realizes electric contact by cable (23) between the associated components of electric measurement control box (24) and main body frame (20).
Claims (6)
1. forced vibration damping single pendulum, it is characterized in that: the single pendulum that the fork of being made by rigid thin rod and pendulum form, be suspended on the movable rotation-shaft by centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover), and with bearing holder (housing, cover) that the fork of single pendulum is connected on also be fixed with a driving lever, the fork of single pendulum, bearing holder (housing, cover) and driving lever three are connected as a single entity.
2. forced vibration damping single pendulum according to claim 1 is characterized in that: two little rolling bearings also are equipped with on the movable rotation-shaft both sides that hang single pendulum, these two rolling bearings respectively framves in the bearing guide of both sides.
3. forced vibration damping single pendulum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: there is a damping box position above movable rotation-shaft, there are a bayonet socket and movable rotation-shaft to be stuck below the damping box, there is a cavity centre of damping box, can allow centre bearing and bearing holder (housing, cover) rotate therein and do not collide with it, the top of damping box is equipped with an air damping cylinder, and the driving lever that is connected as a single entity with the single pendulum fork can pass from the piston rod collar of air damping cylinder.
4. forced vibration damping single pendulum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: at the sustained height with the mounting center baseline of the movable rotation-shaft that hangs single pendulum one buncher is arranged, link to each other with damping box by crankshaft rod system, and the bayonet socket below damping box links to each other with the movable rotation-shaft of single pendulum.
5. forced vibration damping single pendulum according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: at the extended line of buncher rotating shaft runner with light tank is arranged, one lateral edges of this runner passes from the photoelectricity door of upper mounting plate, in addition, a photoelectricity door is also arranged on lower installation board under the single pendulum, from then on the fork of single pendulum passes in the photoelectricity door when swinging, and the edge of above runner and the fork of single pendulum all can not have Mechanical Contact with the photoelectricity door of upper mounting plate and the photoelectricity door on the lower installation board respectively.
6. forced vibration damping single pendulum according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be provided with an amplitude indicator board with the parallel plane plane of simple pendulum oscillation, be painted with the angle scale of arc at this plate, also be provided with an arc-shaped reflecting mirror on arc angle anale settting scale next door.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104238348A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-24 | 轻工业钟表研究所 | Mechanical pendulum clock comprehensive parameter testing method |
| CN105280059A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-27 | 南京千韵电子科技有限公司 | Forced vibration damping compound pendulum experimental instrument |
| CN110552996A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-10 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | guide rail type mass damper |
| CN112885203A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-01 | 河南大学 | Novel gravitational acceleration measuring device based on rotational inertia |
| CN113074211A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-06 | 天津大学 | Frequency-dependent passive intelligent variable damping control device |
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| JPH04194892A (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-14 | Seizou Toyotomi | Spring pendulum experimental device capable of measuring amplitude and exciting forced vibration |
| JP3909843B2 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2007-04-25 | 泰士 際本 | Coupled vibration tester |
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| KR100984272B1 (en) * | 2010-06-23 | 2010-09-30 | (주)대우건설 | Pendulum type vibration damping device for testing model |
| CN101908293A (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2010-12-08 | 李克 | Magnetic pendulum and simple pendulum combined experimental instrument |
| CN202549115U (en) * | 2011-12-23 | 2012-11-21 | 蔡璟昭 | Forced oscillation demonstration instrument |
| CN203038545U (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-07-03 | 广西大学 | Novel double-grating imager |
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| JPH04194892A (en) * | 1990-11-22 | 1992-07-14 | Seizou Toyotomi | Spring pendulum experimental device capable of measuring amplitude and exciting forced vibration |
| JP3909843B2 (en) * | 2003-01-15 | 2007-04-25 | 泰士 際本 | Coupled vibration tester |
| CN101008819A (en) * | 2006-01-24 | 2007-08-01 | 孙德斌 | Novel clock pendulum driving device |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105280059A (en) * | 2014-07-15 | 2016-01-27 | 南京千韵电子科技有限公司 | Forced vibration damping compound pendulum experimental instrument |
| CN104238348A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-24 | 轻工业钟表研究所 | Mechanical pendulum clock comprehensive parameter testing method |
| CN110552996A (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2019-12-10 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | guide rail type mass damper |
| CN110552996B (en) * | 2019-09-11 | 2021-01-05 | 上海电气风电集团股份有限公司 | Guide rail type mass damper |
| CN112885203A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-06-01 | 河南大学 | Novel gravitational acceleration measuring device based on rotational inertia |
| CN112885203B (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2022-04-22 | 河南大学 | Gravity acceleration measuring device based on rotational inertia |
| CN113074211A (en) * | 2021-03-25 | 2021-07-06 | 天津大学 | Frequency-dependent passive intelligent variable damping control device |
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Application publication date: 20130918 |