RU206450U1 - INSTALLATION FOR CONTINUOUS PYROLYSIS OF COAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of thermal processing of carbon materials, mainly coal, and can be used in the production of semi-coke, carbon adsorbents, coal gasification. Installation for continuous pyrolysis of coal to obtain a solid product and gaseous products, including a vertical cylindrical body, feed systems , air blast supply, removal of gaseous and solid pyrolysis products, an incendiary device, the feedstock supply system is represented by a hopper with a feed screw and a screw screw located in the lower part of the housing, with a variable drive, the length of which is at least two internal diameters of the housing, while the system The outlet of gaseous pyrolysis products is equipped with a refrigerator with a water seal.

Description

The utility model relates to the thermal processing of carbon materials, mainly coal, and can be used in the production of semi-coke, carbon adsorbents, coal gasification.

Known continuous layer gasifier (RF patent No. 2513928 dated 09/10/2012), an analogue, which is a mine-type apparatus on reverse blowing, characterized in that in the furnace of the apparatus the grate is made cooled from pipes with a flowing cold liquid, and the grate is installed obliquely at the angle of natural shedding of solid fuel, with a bend in the lower part in the opposite direction, the feeder for continuous fuel supply to the furnace is made, at least, in the form of a screw conveyor with sealing of the feed unit, a protective mesh is installed on the air supply side in the furnace, in the middle side part of the gasifier is equipped with a unit for removing gases, and in the lower part - a unit for unloading coke and ash, at least in the form of a screw conveyor, with sealing of the unloading unit, while the gasifier is installed on an axis with the possibility of deviating from the vertical axis in two directions within the range of changing the angle of inclination of the grate, using the swivel mechanism. In addition, the pipes of the cooled grate are loosely fitted with toothed bushings with a minimum clearance between adjacent diameters, rotating under the action of the moving fuel, in order to avoid slagging of the grate.

The disadvantages of this design are its complexity and unreliability due to the material hanging on the grate.

The closest solution is a method for producing semi-coke and a device for implementing the method (RF Patent No. 2278817 dated 03.12.2004) (prototype), which consists in obtaining semi-coke by processing solid carbon-containing raw materials in a vertical shaft-type apparatus, including supplying air to the coal bed, ignition, drying, carbonization, unloading of the obtained semi-coke and selection of combustible gas, characterized in that air is supplied to the coal bed from above and below, and coal is ignited and combustible gas removed in the middle section of the bed. The device for its production contains a vertical shaft-type apparatus, characterized in that the apparatus contains upper and lower working chambers, made with the possibility of supplying air from above to the upper chamber and from below into the lower chamber and divided in the middle section of the apparatus layer to ensure coal ignition and discharge combustible gas.

The disadvantages of this method and device are the impossibility of its implementation in a continuous way, as well as low efficiency due to the uneven temperature field inside the cylindrical body due to the immobility of the loaded mass of the starting material.

The tasks solved by the proposed utility model are:

improving the quality and increasing the yield of a suitable solid pyrolysis product, due to the continuous movement of the layer of carbon material;

implementation of the pyrolysis process in a vertical cylindrical body in a continuous mode.

The set tasks are achieved by the fact that the feedstock supply system is represented by a hopper with a screw auger located in the lower part of the housing with a variable drive, the length of which is not less than two internal diameters of the housing.

The organization of the supply of the carbon material, subjected to pyrolysis, from bottom to top in a cylindrical vertical body due to the installation of a screw auger with a variable drive in the lower part of the body provides a reliable controlled movement of the material from bottom to top. As a result, more and more layers of carbon material continuously enter the pyrolysis zone, which ensures the implementation of the gasification process in a continuous mode without the presence of "stagnant" zones of solid mass in the apparatus. The length of the screw auger must be at least two internal diameters of the cylindrical body, which ensures reliable operation of the screw auger in the body (without distortions and creases).

The figure shows an installation for continuous coal pyrolysis.

The installation contains a housing 1, a feed material hopper 2 with a hermetic seal 3, a feed auger 4 with a drive 5, a screw auger 6 with a drive 7. The installation is also equipped with a metered blast supply system 8, a refrigerator 9, a unit for receiving a solid pyrolysis residue with a water seal (in the figure not shown).

The installation works as follows.

The raw material (for example, brown coal) is loaded into the raw material hopper 2. Through the sealed shutter 3, the material enters the zone of the feeding screw 4 and, under the influence of the feeding screw, enters the lower part of the housing 1 into the operating zone of the screw screw 6. Under the influence of the screw screw, the material is fed upward along the inner cavity of the body 1. Since the material is fed continuously, after filling the inner cavity of the body 1 in the area of the screw screw 6 with material, the material continues to be fed, moving upward, and fills the entire space of the body.

After the material enters the operating zone of the screw auger 6 or a little earlier, air is supplied through the metered air supply system 8.

When the material reaches the level of the generator gas outlet, the ignition device located in the generator gas outlet zone (not shown in the figure) and the gaseous product removal system are turned on. After ignition of the material, the ignition device is turned off. By adjusting the productivity (speed) of the screw auger, the position of the combustion front is achieved between the levels of air supply and generator gas outlet.

Since the screw does not stop working, the material continues to move (move) upward. In this case, the burning coal heats up the underlying layers, in which the release of volatile substances begins, which ignite and begin to heat other particles of coal. Thus, a zone of combustion of volatiles is formed, which moves downward as the underlying coal layers warm up. Gaseous products, which consist of volatile combustion products and new portions of volatiles (released from heated coal), move upward with the flow of gases. Since the resulting gaseous products are hot, in the zone of their flow, the coal is heated and pyrolyzed to the entire depth (thickness) of the particles. This results in high-quality pyrolysis (heat treatment) of coal. The air is supplied through the metered supply system, so there is only enough air for the combustion of a limited amount of volatile substances. Coal and residual volatiles are not burned. Coal is heat treated, and volatiles are part of the generated generator gas. Refrigerator 9, installed on the generator gas evacuation path, quickly cools gaseous products and thereby prevents unwanted reactions (for example, 2CO = CO ₂ + C), while maintaining properties useful for the gas.

Solid pyrolysis products continue to move upward and, having reached the upper edge of the body, are removed (poured) into a special collector, where they are cooled in a container with a water seal. In this case, the resulting water vapor, due to the vacuum created in the reaction zone when removing the generator gas, enters the reaction zone, interacts with the evolved gaseous products and solid residue, increasing their quality.

Currently, working drawings have been developed and an experimental model of the gas generator is being manufactured.

Claims (1)

An installation for continuous pyrolysis of coal to obtain a solid product and gaseous products, including a vertical cylindrical body, a feed system for feedstock, air blast supply, removal of gaseous and solid pyrolysis products, an ignition device, characterized in that the feedstock feed system is represented by a hopper with a feed screw and a screw auger located in the lower part of the body, with a variable drive, the length of which is not less than two internal diameters of the body.

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