RU206279U1 - SUPPORT ROLLER OF POTATO HARVESTOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes. The supporting roller of the potato harvester is made in the form of a cylindrical drum welded from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part between them. On the cylindrical part of the roller, half rings are fixed to form rings. The track roller is equipped with a scraper and is fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports. The support roller is fixed to the frame with brackets. A screw mechanism equipped with a handle is installed between the bracket and the hinge frame. On both sides of each support roller, flat discs with sawtooth teeth are fixed, located along the periphery at equal intervals. Flat discs with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery of the flat discs with equal intervals are introduced into the sides of the tuberous layer and prevent the support roller from slipping along the soil ridge , that is, they prevent the skidding of the support roller. Flat discs with sawtooth teeth located on the periphery of flat discs with equal intervals increase the technological reliability of the digging process and reduce the traction resistance of the potato harvester.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to devices for harvesting potatoes.

Known double-row potato harvester KPK-2-01, designed for harvesting potatoes planted by potato planting machines with row spacing of 70 cm:

on light and medium soils with a moisture content of 12-24%;

on medium soils with a moisture content of 24-30%;

light and medium soils with a moisture content of 12-30%.

On soils littered with stones up to 50 mm in diameter with a total weight of no more than 8 t / ha. The total weight of tops and weeds is up to 6 t / ha, including weeds no more than 1.5 t / ha. (Double-row potato harvester KPK-2-01. Operation manual RE. 1991. 105 p.).

The digging section of the harvester is made in the form of a movable frame, fixed with its rear part on the main frame by means of a hinge, which provides the possibility of transverse slopes of the movable frame depending on the soil relief and vertical movements of the front part of the frame, depending on the depth of excavation and on the relief of the beds in the longitudinal direction.

On the movable frame, two bed-pressing rollers are installed, adjustable in height depending on the depth of digging out the tubers, after which there are two diggers, each of which is made in the form of two disks installed with a collapse, between which in their lower zone there is a ploughshare supporting the dug mass, and in in the upper zone - a longitudinal auger for feeding the excavated mass from the discs to the elevator of the main digging section.

When the unit moves across the field, the rollers, moving along the beds, carry out a given digging depth and partially destroy soil lumps in the bed. The discs cut out the tuberous layer of the beds, compress it somewhat and feed it along the surface of the plowshares to the main elevator. In this case, the longitudinal augers, contributing to the transfer of mass from the disks to the main elevator web, carry out additional crumbling of the layer, partial crushing and separation of the tops from the tubers.

The mechanism of communication of the movable frame with the main frame of the combine ensures copying of the soil relief in the transverse and longitudinal directions, as well as the operation of the discs at different set digging depths.

Gauge rollers are designed to regulate and maintain a given digging depth, as well as to squeeze the bed in order to ensure the preliminary destruction of surface soil lumps and the connection of tubers with the ground inside the bed.

Each copying roller is made in the form of a drum connected from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part between them. Both rollers are fixed on the same shaft connected to the movable frame by two mechanisms for adjusting the depth of excavation, each of which is made in the form of telescopically connected racks connected by a screw pair with a working handle.

To regulate the digging depth on the movable stands of the road wheels, there are marks. Risks mean the amount of undercutting the tubers, taking into account the average deformation of the bed (from the pressure of the undercutting section on it) and the additional amount of deepening, in order to exclude undercutting of tubers.

Depth adjustment is made by changing the distance between the two track rollers and shares using screw pairs attached to the elevator frame.

It is recommended to rotate the handles of the screw pairs simultaneously or alternately in several steps, which reduces the impact force.

In addition, the mass of the section of the digging machine, made in the form of a movable frame, falls on the screw pairs fixed to the elevator frame. This reduces the performance of the screw pairs.

Excessive digging depth of the tuberous layer with plowshares worsens the quality of the combine and overloads the working parts. Setting the depth to 1 cm deeper means that approximately 70 t more soil has to be lifted per hectare. Therefore, a mechanism for regulating the depth of undermining the tuberous layer is required, which is more convenient and accurate.

Known roller support potato harvester, made in the form of a drum welded from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part between them. On the cylindrical part in the form of a drum, rings made of half rings are fixed. Each roller is equipped with scrapers and is mounted on the sidewalls with bearing supports. Each roller is attached to the frame with brackets. A screw mechanism equipped with a handle is installed between the bracket and the hinge frame. [Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 194510, published 12.12.2019 Byull. No. 35].

Each support roller of the potato harvester is made in the form of a drum welded from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part in the form of a drum between them. The support roller is fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports. Each support roller is attached to the frame with a bracket. A mechanism equipped with a handle is installed between the bracket and the hinge frame. Each track roller is equipped with a scraper. Rings consisting of half rings are fixed on the cylindrical part in the form of a drum. The half rings are fixed on the cylindrical part in the form of a drum with screws.

During the operation of the potato harvester, two hollow truncated roller cones squeeze the tuberous layer and destroy the soil lumps with a cylindrical part in the form of a drum. In this case, the support roller, fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports, rotates due to the friction (impact) of the surfaces of the truncated cones and cylindrical parts of the roller on the soil of the tuber ridge. The handle of the mechanism, installed between the bracket and the hinge frame, adjusts the depth of dredging of the tuberous layer by the plowshares. Soil that sticks to the drum-shaped part and the truncated roller cone is removed with scrapers. The mechanism, equipped with a handle, adjusts the depth of undercutting the tuberous layer. The mechanism, installed between the bracket and the hinge frame almost horizontally, adjusts the depth of the dredging of the tuberous layer with the handle. The rings formed by half rings contribute to the destruction of the soil crust of the tuberous layer.

A potato harvester with a known roller has disadvantages.

During the operation of the potato harvester, two hollow truncated roller cones squeeze the tuberous layer and destroy the soil lumps with a cylindrical part in the form of a drum. At the same time, the support rollers account for a large mass of the combine. Track rollers fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports rotate, but at a peripheral speed lower than the forward speed of the potato harvester. Therefore, the support rollers, while rotating, move partially "skidding". As a result, the soil is loaded in front of the road rollers, which leads to a decrease in the quality indicators of undercutting the tuberous soil by plowshares.

Support rollers with high soil moisture, rotating along the tuberous layer, can slip in the tuberous soil mass, that is, move "skidding", and, as a consequence, there is a decrease in the technological reliability of the digging process, and an increase in the traction resistance of the potato harvester.

The task of the utility model is to increase the technological reliability of the digging process and reduce the traction resistance of the potato harvester.

The technical result consists in the fact that an increase in the technological reliability of the digging process and a decrease in the traction resistance of a potato harvester is carried out by ensuring the rotation of the track rollers without slipping them relative to the soil and preventing the soil from unloading in front of the track rollers.

The technical solution is achieved by the fact that a support roller of a potato harvester, made in the form of a cylindrical drum welded from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part between them, on which half rings are fixed with the formation of rings, each roller, equipped with a scraper and fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports, each roller is attached to the frame by means of brackets, and between the bracket and the hinge frame there is a screw mechanism equipped with a handle, and on both sides of each support roller there are flat discs with sawtooth teeth, located on the periphery at equal intervals.

Compared analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed technical solution meets the criterion "Novelty", as it differs from the prototype.

1. Each track roller has flat discs on both sides.

2. Flat discs, fixed on track rollers, are made with sawtooth teeth.

3. Sawtooth teeth are equally spaced around the periphery of the flat discs.

The revealed signs of the technical solution of the proposed roller of the supporting potato harvester allow us to conclude that the technical solution meets the criterion of "significant differences".

FIG. 1 shows a support roller for a potato harvester; in fig. 2 - support roller, front view; in fig. 3 - section a-a in Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a view A in Fig. 2.

Each support roller of the potato harvester is made in the form of welded from two hollow truncated cones 1 and 2 and a cylindrical part in the form of a drum 3 between them. The support roller is fixed on the sidewalls 4 with bearing supports 5. Each support roller is attached to the frame (frame not shown) with a bracket 6. Between the bracket 6 and the hinge frame 7 there is a mechanism 8. The mechanism 8 is equipped with a handle 9. Each support roller is equipped with a scraper 10 On the cylindrical part in the form of a drum 3 (Fig. 2), rings 11 are fixed, consisting of half rings 12 and 13 (Fig. 3). Semi-rings 12 and 13, forming rings 11, are fixed on the cylindrical part in the form of a drum 3 by screws 14 and 15.

Flat discs 16 and 17 with sawtooth teeth 18 are fixed to each truncated cone on the back side.

When the potato harvester is operating, two hollow truncated cones 1 and 2 squeeze the tuberous layer and with a cylindrical part in the form of a drum 3, and also destroy soil lumps with rings 11. In this case, the support roller fixed on the sidewalls 4 with bearing supports 5 rotates. The handle 9 of the mechanism 8, installed between the bracket 6 and the hinge frame 7, adjusts the depth of dredging of the tuberous layer by plowshares (plowshares are not shown). The soil, which adheres to the cylindrical part in the form of a drum 3 and truncated cones 1 and 2, are removed by scrapers 10. The mechanism 8, equipped with a handle 9, adjusts the depth of dredging of the tuberous layer. The mechanism 8, installed between the bracket 6 and the hinged frame 7, is adjusted by the handle 9 the depth of dredging the tuberous layer. Rings 11, formed by half rings 12 and 13, destroy the soil crust of the tuberous layer.

Due to the translational movement of the potato harvester and the adhesion of the surfaces of the truncated cones 1 and 2, as well as the cylindrical part of the drum 3 with the soil of the tuberous layer, the supporting roller rotates on bearing supports 5.

A large mass of the combine falls on the support rollers and when harvesting potatoes on wet and light soils, the support rollers rotate at a lower speed than the forward speed of the combine. As a result, the track rollers can slide along the soil ridge, that is, move partially "skidding". In this case, the soil is loaded in front of the road rollers. As a result, there is a decrease in the technological reliability of the process of digging up the tuberous layer and an increase in traction resistance when aggregating a potato harvester.

When the potato harvester moves across the field in the operating mode of digging potato tubers, flat discs 16 and 17 with sawtooth teeth located along the periphery of flat discs with equal intervals 18 are introduced into the lateral sides of the tuber-bearing layer. There are no potato tubers in the lateral surfaces of the tuberous layer. The diameter of the flat discs 16 and 17 is greater than the diameter of the truncated cone 1 and 2. The teeth 18 of the flat discs 16 and 17, located at the periphery of the flat discs at equal intervals, penetrate into the soil harder than that of the tuberous layer. This prevents the support roller from slipping along the soil ridge, that is, the support roller from skidding is prevented.

As a result, the tuberous soil is not loaded in front of the road rollers.

Flat discs with sawtooth teeth, located on the periphery of flat discs with equal intervals, penetrate into the lateral sides of the tuberous layer and prevent the support roller from slipping along the soil ridge, that is, prevent the support roller from skidding. Flat discs with sawtooth teeth, located on the periphery of flat discs with equal intervals, increase the technological reliability of the digging process and reduce the traction resistance of the potato harvester.

Claims (1)

A supporting roller of a potato harvester, made in the form of a cylindrical drum welded from two hollow truncated cones and a cylindrical part between them, on which half rings are fixed to form rings, equipped with a scraper and fixed on the sidewalls with bearing supports, and fixed to the frame with brackets, between the bracket and the hinge frame is a screw mechanism equipped with a handle, characterized in that flat discs with sawtooth teeth are fixed on both sides of the support roller, located at the periphery at equal intervals.

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