RU2059037C1 - Method for adjusting temperature regime of water in dam tail race - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic engineering. SUBSTANCE: deep-seated water intakes 1 take water of deep bed of water reservoir 2 and dump this water in tail race through water ducts 4, and direct the water to the middle part of river. Concurrently surface water intakes 9 and 10 take water of surface layer of the water reservoir only. This water is dumped through water ducts 12 to tail race and directed to water side areas 13 and 14 of the river. In so doing walls 6 and 7 prevent turbulent water streams taken from different reservoir layers from mixing until they become quiet. EFFECT: enhanced efficiency in adjusting water temperature regime in a river. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and can be used to reduce the negative impact of mainly hydroelectric power plants on the temperature regime of the river in the downstream.

A known method of controlling the temperature of water in the downstream of the dam, including the selection of water from the surface layer of the reservoir, discharge of water under pressure through the pipelines to the downstream and calming it [1]
The disadvantage of this method is its low efficiency in the case of the abstraction of a large amount of water from the surface layer due to "interference" created by each other adjacent inlet openings of the water conduits, as well as due to the quick release of the surface layer and the entry into it from the deep layer of water of lower quality in temperature . At the same time, the supply of all water pipelines with surface water intakes is associated with high costs and additional pressure losses.

There is also known a method of regulating the temperature of water in the downstream of the dam, including the selection of water from the deep and surface layers of the reservoir, the discharge of water of different layers under pressure along common water pipes into the downstream and calming the water in the general structure [2]
The disadvantage of this method is the inefficient consumption in the downstream of the water taken from the surface layer of the reservoir due to the dispersal of this water in the downstream along the entire width of the river.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of regulation of the temperature regime of water in the river due to a more productive use in the lower pool of a dam of water taken from the surface layer of the reservoir.

 This is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling the temperature of the water in the downstream of the dam, including the selection of water from the deep and surface layers of the reservoir, discharge of water under pressure through the pipelines to the downstream and calming it, according to the invention, the selection of water from the deep and surface layers of the reservoir at the same time, the discharge of deep and surface water flows from the reservoir is carried out through separate water conduits, then the flows are calmed separately, after which the deep water flow is directed to the middle part of the river, and the surface flow in the coastal zone of the river.

 The essence of the method lies in the fact that the selection of water from the surface layer of the reservoir is carried out only for part of the aqueducts, and in the downstream, this water is directed mainly to the coastal zone of the river. This allows for low costs to regulate the thermal regime of water in the downstream of the hydroelectric power station, primarily in the easily regulated and most important shallow coastal part of the river and its channels, which in summer provides a significant increase in water temperature in recreation areas and at water intakes (hot water is saved at consumer and improves the quality of water used for irrigation), and in winter it provides the formation of ice cover in the riverbank. As a result of the last wormwood, it moves into the middle part of the river, thereby improving environmental conditions on the banks of the river, fogging is reduced. Additionally, the presence of different temperature flows in the river while maintaining lanes in the middle of the river, enriching water with air during the winter, favorably affects the diversity of ichthyofauna.

 The method is illustrated in the drawing and is as follows.

 The deep water intakes 1 carry out the selection of water from the deep layer of the reservoir 2 formed by the dam 3, then, through the water conduits 4, the selected water is discharged through the hydraulic turbines 5 into the downstream and through the separation walls 6 and 7 are directed to the middle part of the river 8. At the same time, surface water intakes 9 and 10, located, for example, two at different end sections of the station part 11 of dam 3, carry out selective water withdrawal only from the surface layer of the reservoir, then through water conduits 12 this water is discharged through hydraulic turbines 5 to the downstream and through dividing walls 6 and 7 are sent to the coastal zones 13 and 14 of the river. At the same time, walls 6 and 7 prevent the mixing of turbulent flows of water taken from various layers of the reservoir and discharged into a downstream through separate water conduits until they calm down. After that, various calm flows form in the river: channel stream 8 from the water of the deep layer of the reservoir and coastal streams 13 and 14 from the water of the surface layer of the reservoir. As a result, productive regulation of the thermal regime of water in the downstream is achieved: in the summer, offshore and in the channels, the water has a higher temperature, and in the winter is lower. Therefore, in the summertime, the quality of water in the recreation areas and at water intakes increases, and in the wintertime, the formation of ice cover is ensured in the most ecologically important coastal part of the river.

 Surface water intakes 9 and 10 are separated from each other by deep water intakes 15 and 16, respectively, as a result of which water intakes 9 and 10 do not cause mutual “interference” during selective water withdrawal from the surface layer. The deep water intake 15 provides water supply to the water pipe 17 and functions, for example, only in the autumn and spring season, when thermal regulation of the downstream is not carried out, and the deep water intake 16 provides water supply to the water pipe 18, the end portion of which is led beyond the dividing wall 7 into middle part of the 8th river.

 The surface intakes 9 and 10 are made with a water overflow wall 19, which mixes vertically as the reservoir draws in or fills up and has a U- or L-shaped plan, the open side of which faces the dam. The length of such a water overflow wall 19 significantly exceeds the width of the water intake, which improves the quality of selective water withdrawal from the surface layer. In this case, the water intake 10, located directly near the spillway part 20 of the dam, is floating and before the discharge of water through the spillway part of the dam is towed to a safe place.

 Separation walls 6 and 7 are carried out at gravitational hydroelectric power plants under construction, and floating hydroelectric power stations using flexible panels.

Claims (1)

 METHOD FOR REGULATING THE WATER TEMPERATURE REGIME IN THE LOWER DEPTH OF THE DAM, including the selection of water from the deep and surface layers of the reservoir, discharge of water under pressure through the pipelines to the lower pool and its calming, characterized in that the water is taken from the deep and surface layers of the reservoir simultaneously and surface water flows from the reservoir are produced through separate water conduits, then the flows are calmed separately, after which the deep water stream is directed to the middle part of the river, and the surface th stream to the riverbank.